Spatial and environmental processes are two ecological processes that have attracted considerable attention in plant community assembly,depending on sampling scale and life history.However,the processes that determine...Spatial and environmental processes are two ecological processes that have attracted considerable attention in plant community assembly,depending on sampling scale and life history.However,the processes that determine community assembly have not been studied in the karst region of southwest China.In this study,a 25-ha(500 m×500 m)monitoring plot within the subtropical climax forest in the karst region was established and canonical correspondence analysis was used to reveal the effects of topography and soil on the spatial patterns of tree community assembly.Our study suggests that spatial processes dominate species composition and the combined effects of spatial and environmental processes play an important role.Overall interpretation rate increases with enlarging the sampling scale.However,the pattern of variation partitioning was similar in different life stages.Environmental variables significantly affected species composition at different sampling sizes and life histories and had a higher interpretation rate of species composition on larger s ampling sizes.Topographic wetness index was the most important variable to explain species composition of the environmental variables.These results suggest that it is necessary to consider the relative importance of environmental and spatial factors on community assembly to better understand,conserve,and manage subtropical karst forests.展开更多
Background Agitation is very common in patients with acute stage schizophrenia, and injection of antipsychotics and clonazepam is widely used. Network meta-analysis of these comparisons among three injection treatment...Background Agitation is very common in patients with acute stage schizophrenia, and injection of antipsychotics and clonazepam is widely used. Network meta-analysis of these comparisons among three injection treatments has been seldom reported.Aim To compare the efficacy and safety of various injections for agitation symptoms in Chinese patients with schizophrenia.Methods Searches were made in PubMed, Embase and Web of Knowledge, Cochrane Library, Wanfang data, CNKI, SinoMed and VIP databases up to 18 February 2018. Standard search strategies were performed by two reviewers according to the Cochrane Review Group. The Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials statement was used to assess the methodological quality of the studies. STATA was used to perform meta-analysis. The Cochrane Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation(GRADE) was used to assess the strength of evidence.Results A total of 15 studies were included in the network meta-analysis. There were 11 studies comparing ziprasidone with haloperidol, and four studies comparing haloperidol with clonazepam. The results showed that ziprasidone is more effective than haloperidol and clonazepam(sucra: 77.2, 72.8 and 0) in the treatment of agitation symptoms. There was the effect size(standardised mean difference(SMD)) in the three groups: haloperidol: SMD=2.278, 95% CI 1.836 to 2.719; ziprasidone: SMD=2.536, 95% CI 2.082 to 2.990; and clonazepam: SMD=1.360, 95% CI 0.127 to 2.593. The acceptability was assessed by the incidence of excessive sedation, which showed that ziprasidone and haloperidol were similar with both being superior to clonazepam(sucra: 0.3, 0.7 and 99.0). Ziprasidone had significantly less adverse effects than haloperidol in effects of extrapyramidal system(EPS)(z=5.01, p<0.001). There were no statistically significant differences between haloperidol and ziprasidone in tachycardia and abnormal ECG(z=1.69, p=0.091; z=0.87, p=0.386; respectively). Based on GRADE, the strength of the evidence for primary outcome was ‘medium'.Conclusion Our results suggested that ziprasidone was more suitable than haloperidol and clonazepam in the treatment of agitation symptoms in Chinese patients with schizophrenia, according to the efficacy and acceptability of these three intramuscular injection medications.展开更多
Objective:To explore the possible targets and signaling pathways of Chinese herbal compound"Shiyangning"in the treatment of perianal eczema(PE).Methods:The main active components and target proteins in Shiya...Objective:To explore the possible targets and signaling pathways of Chinese herbal compound"Shiyangning"in the treatment of perianal eczema(PE).Methods:The main active components and target proteins in Shiyangning were screened out by searching the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform(TCMSP).PE Targets were retrieved and collected from Disease Databases such as Therapeutic Target Database(TTD).The protein-protein interaction(PPI)network was constructed and analyzed by STRING online database,and the network topology results were analyzed by Cytoscape 3.7.1 software.The common gene names of target proteins were checked in Uniprot database,and KEGG pathway function enrichment analysis was carried out through David database to study the possible signaling pathway of Shiyangning in the treatment of PE.Results:There were 238 core compounds,152 targets and 233 PE disease targets.Six key targets(STAT3,IL6,TP53,EGFR,EGF and TNF)were obtained from the analysis of network topology.The results of pathway enrichment showed that PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and FoxO signaling pathway were the main pathways.Conclusion:Shiyangning treat PE mainly by regulating STAT3,IL-6 and other related inflammatory signaling pathways.展开更多
In Arabidopsis,although studies have demonstrated that phytochrome A(phyA)and phyB are involved in blue light signaling,how blue light-activated phytochromes modulate the activity of the CONSTITUTIVELY PHOTOMORPHOGENI...In Arabidopsis,although studies have demonstrated that phytochrome A(phyA)and phyB are involved in blue light signaling,how blue light-activated phytochromes modulate the activity of the CONSTITUTIVELY PHOTOMORPHOGENIC1(COP1)-SUPPRESSOR OF PHYA-105(SPA1)E3 complex remains largely unknown.Here,we show that phyA responds to early and weak blue light,whereas phyB responds to sustainable and strong blue light.Activation of both phyA and phyB by blue light inhibits SPA1 activity.Specifically,blue light irradiation promoted the nuclear import of both phytochromes to stimulate their binding to SPA1,abolishing SPA1’s interaction with LONG HYPOCOTYL 5(HY5)to release HY5,which promoted seedling photomorphogenesis.展开更多
Background：Portal-vein stent combined with one iodine-125 （^125I） seed strand has become a new treatment for portal vein tumor thrombosis.However,dosimetric aspects of this irradiation stent have not been reported....Background：Portal-vein stent combined with one iodine-125 （^125I） seed strand has become a new treatment for portal vein tumor thrombosis.However,dosimetric aspects of this irradiation stent have not been reported.Therefore,we aimed to undertake dosimetric analyses comparing portal-vein stents combined with different numbers of ^125I seed strands.Methods：A water cylinder was created by a treatment-planning system to simulate a portal-vein stent.The stent was combined with one,two,or three ^125I seed strands （Groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ,and Ⅲ,respectively）.At different prescribed doses （PDs）,^125I seeds of identical activities were loaded on Groups Ⅰ-Ⅲ.Conformation number （CN）,external volume index,and homogeneity index were calculated.Linear regression analyses were used to evaluate the obtained data.Results：For identical ^125I seed activity,when the 125I seed strand increased from one chain to two,D90 （dose delivered to 90% of the target volume） increased by ≥184%;when it increased from two chains to three,D90 increased by ≥63%.When the PD was 105 Gy and 125I seed strands increased from one chain to two,V100 （percentage of the target volume receiving ≥90% of the PD） increased by 158-249%;when it increased from two chains to three,V100 increased by 7-175%.CN was correlated positively with 125I seed activity （B =0.479,P 〈 0.001） and number of ^125I seed strands （B =0.201,P 〈 0.001） and was independent of PD （B =-0.002,P =0.078）.Conclusions：A portal-vein stent combined with a single 125I seed strand could not meet dosimetry requirements.For a stent combined with two 125I seed strands,when the PD was 1 05 Gy and seed activity was 0.7 mCi,the dose distribution could satisfy dosimetry requirements.For a stent combined with three 125I seed strands,if the PD was 105,125,or 145 Gy,the recommended seed activities were 0.5,0.5,and 0.6 mCi,respectively.展开更多
Developing anode catalysts of substantially enhanced activity for hydrogen oxidation reaction(HOR)and anti-CO poisoning performance is of great importance for the application of proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEM...Developing anode catalysts of substantially enhanced activity for hydrogen oxidation reaction(HOR)and anti-CO poisoning performance is of great importance for the application of proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs).Herein,we report Pd cluster in situ decorated urchin-like W_(18)O_(49)(WO_(2.72))electrocatalysts by a photo-reduction method for high performance HOR.The synthesized Pd-WO_(2.72)-L composite of low loading amount of 0.44 wt.%Pd by Xenon light reduction exhibits markedly high HOR catalytic activity and stability in 0.5 M H_(2)SO_(4),and the specific HOR current density and mass activity of Pd-WO_(2.72)-L are~1.5 and~80 times those of 20 wt.%Pt/C catalyst,respectively.Moreover,excellent anti-CO poisoning ability has also been obtained.The excellent HOR activity and anti-CO poisoning performance of Pd-WO_(2.72)-L have been discussed mainly in terms of the dual synergetic catalytic effects between Pd and WO_(2.72):Pd activation to Pd^(δ+)by the electron transfer from Pd to W promotes the hydrogen adsorption and activation to H*species,which results in largely elevated HOR activity;Pd degradation due to the CO poisoning is effectively prevented by WO_(2.72),which is responsible for the excellent CO-tolerance performance.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (42071073,31971487)Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (2021366)+2 种基金Guangxi Key Research and Development Program (AB17129009)the Hechi Distinguished Expert Program to Fuping Zengthe Guangxi Bagui Scholarship Program to Dejun Li。
文摘Spatial and environmental processes are two ecological processes that have attracted considerable attention in plant community assembly,depending on sampling scale and life history.However,the processes that determine community assembly have not been studied in the karst region of southwest China.In this study,a 25-ha(500 m×500 m)monitoring plot within the subtropical climax forest in the karst region was established and canonical correspondence analysis was used to reveal the effects of topography and soil on the spatial patterns of tree community assembly.Our study suggests that spatial processes dominate species composition and the combined effects of spatial and environmental processes play an important role.Overall interpretation rate increases with enlarging the sampling scale.However,the pattern of variation partitioning was similar in different life stages.Environmental variables significantly affected species composition at different sampling sizes and life histories and had a higher interpretation rate of species composition on larger s ampling sizes.Topographic wetness index was the most important variable to explain species composition of the environmental variables.These results suggest that it is necessary to consider the relative importance of environmental and spatial factors on community assembly to better understand,conserve,and manage subtropical karst forests.
基金Shanghai Municipal Hospital's Emerging Frontier Technology Joint Research Project(SHDC12012109)Shanghai Open Project of Key Laboratory of Severe Psychiatry(13dz2260500)
文摘Background Agitation is very common in patients with acute stage schizophrenia, and injection of antipsychotics and clonazepam is widely used. Network meta-analysis of these comparisons among three injection treatments has been seldom reported.Aim To compare the efficacy and safety of various injections for agitation symptoms in Chinese patients with schizophrenia.Methods Searches were made in PubMed, Embase and Web of Knowledge, Cochrane Library, Wanfang data, CNKI, SinoMed and VIP databases up to 18 February 2018. Standard search strategies were performed by two reviewers according to the Cochrane Review Group. The Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials statement was used to assess the methodological quality of the studies. STATA was used to perform meta-analysis. The Cochrane Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation(GRADE) was used to assess the strength of evidence.Results A total of 15 studies were included in the network meta-analysis. There were 11 studies comparing ziprasidone with haloperidol, and four studies comparing haloperidol with clonazepam. The results showed that ziprasidone is more effective than haloperidol and clonazepam(sucra: 77.2, 72.8 and 0) in the treatment of agitation symptoms. There was the effect size(standardised mean difference(SMD)) in the three groups: haloperidol: SMD=2.278, 95% CI 1.836 to 2.719; ziprasidone: SMD=2.536, 95% CI 2.082 to 2.990; and clonazepam: SMD=1.360, 95% CI 0.127 to 2.593. The acceptability was assessed by the incidence of excessive sedation, which showed that ziprasidone and haloperidol were similar with both being superior to clonazepam(sucra: 0.3, 0.7 and 99.0). Ziprasidone had significantly less adverse effects than haloperidol in effects of extrapyramidal system(EPS)(z=5.01, p<0.001). There were no statistically significant differences between haloperidol and ziprasidone in tachycardia and abnormal ECG(z=1.69, p=0.091; z=0.87, p=0.386; respectively). Based on GRADE, the strength of the evidence for primary outcome was ‘medium'.Conclusion Our results suggested that ziprasidone was more suitable than haloperidol and clonazepam in the treatment of agitation symptoms in Chinese patients with schizophrenia, according to the efficacy and acceptability of these three intramuscular injection medications.
基金Research and promotion of clinical characteristics and results in Capital(No.Z171100001017003)
文摘Objective:To explore the possible targets and signaling pathways of Chinese herbal compound"Shiyangning"in the treatment of perianal eczema(PE).Methods:The main active components and target proteins in Shiyangning were screened out by searching the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform(TCMSP).PE Targets were retrieved and collected from Disease Databases such as Therapeutic Target Database(TTD).The protein-protein interaction(PPI)network was constructed and analyzed by STRING online database,and the network topology results were analyzed by Cytoscape 3.7.1 software.The common gene names of target proteins were checked in Uniprot database,and KEGG pathway function enrichment analysis was carried out through David database to study the possible signaling pathway of Shiyangning in the treatment of PE.Results:There were 238 core compounds,152 targets and 233 PE disease targets.Six key targets(STAT3,IL6,TP53,EGFR,EGF and TNF)were obtained from the analysis of network topology.The results of pathway enrichment showed that PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and FoxO signaling pathway were the main pathways.Conclusion:Shiyangning treat PE mainly by regulating STAT3,IL-6 and other related inflammatory signaling pathways.
基金supported by funds from the National Natural Science Foundation of China 31871709,31570268,31400259,and 31170267。
文摘In Arabidopsis,although studies have demonstrated that phytochrome A(phyA)and phyB are involved in blue light signaling,how blue light-activated phytochromes modulate the activity of the CONSTITUTIVELY PHOTOMORPHOGENIC1(COP1)-SUPPRESSOR OF PHYA-105(SPA1)E3 complex remains largely unknown.Here,we show that phyA responds to early and weak blue light,whereas phyB responds to sustainable and strong blue light.Activation of both phyA and phyB by blue light inhibits SPA1 activity.Specifically,blue light irradiation promoted the nuclear import of both phytochromes to stimulate their binding to SPA1,abolishing SPA1’s interaction with LONG HYPOCOTYL 5(HY5)to release HY5,which promoted seedling photomorphogenesis.
文摘Background：Portal-vein stent combined with one iodine-125 （^125I） seed strand has become a new treatment for portal vein tumor thrombosis.However,dosimetric aspects of this irradiation stent have not been reported.Therefore,we aimed to undertake dosimetric analyses comparing portal-vein stents combined with different numbers of ^125I seed strands.Methods：A water cylinder was created by a treatment-planning system to simulate a portal-vein stent.The stent was combined with one,two,or three ^125I seed strands （Groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ,and Ⅲ,respectively）.At different prescribed doses （PDs）,^125I seeds of identical activities were loaded on Groups Ⅰ-Ⅲ.Conformation number （CN）,external volume index,and homogeneity index were calculated.Linear regression analyses were used to evaluate the obtained data.Results：For identical ^125I seed activity,when the 125I seed strand increased from one chain to two,D90 （dose delivered to 90% of the target volume） increased by ≥184%;when it increased from two chains to three,D90 increased by ≥63%.When the PD was 105 Gy and 125I seed strands increased from one chain to two,V100 （percentage of the target volume receiving ≥90% of the PD） increased by 158-249%;when it increased from two chains to three,V100 increased by 7-175%.CN was correlated positively with 125I seed activity （B =0.479,P 〈 0.001） and number of ^125I seed strands （B =0.201,P 〈 0.001） and was independent of PD （B =-0.002,P =0.078）.Conclusions：A portal-vein stent combined with a single 125I seed strand could not meet dosimetry requirements.For a stent combined with two 125I seed strands,when the PD was 1 05 Gy and seed activity was 0.7 mCi,the dose distribution could satisfy dosimetry requirements.For a stent combined with three 125I seed strands,if the PD was 105,125,or 145 Gy,the recommended seed activities were 0.5,0.5,and 0.6 mCi,respectively.
基金The authors gratefully acknowledged the support from the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(No.19ZR1479400)the State Key Laboratory for Modication of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials,Donghua University(No.KF1818)the State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing(Wuhan University of Technology).
文摘Developing anode catalysts of substantially enhanced activity for hydrogen oxidation reaction(HOR)and anti-CO poisoning performance is of great importance for the application of proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs).Herein,we report Pd cluster in situ decorated urchin-like W_(18)O_(49)(WO_(2.72))electrocatalysts by a photo-reduction method for high performance HOR.The synthesized Pd-WO_(2.72)-L composite of low loading amount of 0.44 wt.%Pd by Xenon light reduction exhibits markedly high HOR catalytic activity and stability in 0.5 M H_(2)SO_(4),and the specific HOR current density and mass activity of Pd-WO_(2.72)-L are~1.5 and~80 times those of 20 wt.%Pt/C catalyst,respectively.Moreover,excellent anti-CO poisoning ability has also been obtained.The excellent HOR activity and anti-CO poisoning performance of Pd-WO_(2.72)-L have been discussed mainly in terms of the dual synergetic catalytic effects between Pd and WO_(2.72):Pd activation to Pd^(δ+)by the electron transfer from Pd to W promotes the hydrogen adsorption and activation to H*species,which results in largely elevated HOR activity;Pd degradation due to the CO poisoning is effectively prevented by WO_(2.72),which is responsible for the excellent CO-tolerance performance.
