Semiannual oscillation,annual oscillation,quasibiennial oscillation,and solar cycle variation of the OH airglow emission in the mesopause region

The vertically integrated emission rate,centroid altitude,peak emission rate,and peak height of the hydroxyl(OH)airglow were calculated from Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics(TIMED)/Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry(SABER)observations to study the seasonal and interannual variations in the intensity and location of the OH emission.The emission rate is inversely proportional to the height of the emission,with the semiannual oscillation dominating at low latitudes and the annual oscillation dominating at higher latitudes.The OH emission is modulated by the quasibiennial oscillation at the equator,and the quasibiennial oscillation signal is weak at other latitudes.We represented the vertical transport of atomic oxygen by using atomic oxygen concentrations obtained from a global atmospheric model,the Specified Dynamics Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model with thermosphere and ionosphere eXtension simulations.Compared with the amplitudes of the migrating diurnal tide(DW1)calculated from temperature data observed by TIMED/SABER,we found that both the vertical transport of atomic oxygen and DW1 amplitudes in the equatorial region exhibit semiannual oscillation and quasibiennial oscillation,which have a strong correlation with the variations in the amplitude and phase of semiannual oscillation and quasibiennial oscillation in OH emission.It is likely that the DW1 affects the vertical transport of atomic oxygen that is involved in the reaction to produce O3,thus affecting the OH emission.We analyzed the relationship between OH emission and solar activity by using the solar radio flux at 10.7 cm as a proxy for solar activity.The results showed that the OH emission is well correlated with solar activity,and the modulation of OH emission by solar activity has a significant latitudinal variation.The small correlation between emission height and solar activity indicates that solar activity modulates OH emission mainly through chemical rather than dynamic processes.

Spatiotemporal mapping of(ultra‐)mafic magmatic mine areas:Implications of economic and political realities in China

The spatiotemporal extension/expansion of mine areas is affected by multiple factors.So far,very little has been done to examine the interaction between mine areas and political or economic realities.The(ultra‐)mafic magmatic mines in China played a specific role in supporting national development and providing an ideal research subject for monitoring their interrelationship.In this study,remote sensing and mining‐related GIS data were used to identify and analyze 1233(ultra‐)mafic magmatic mine area polygons in China,which covered approximately 322.96 km2 of land and included a V–Ti–Fe mine,a copper–nickel mine,a chromite mine,an asbestos mine,and a diamond mine.It was found that(1)the areal expansion of mines is significantly related to the mine types,perimeter,topography,and population density.(2)The mine area variation also reflects market and policy realities.The temporal expansion of the mine area from 2010 to 2020 followed an S‐shaped pattern(with the turning point occurring in 2014),closely related to iron overcapacity and tightened mining policies.(3)The complexity(D)of the mine area may reflect mine design and excavation practices.To be specific,lower D indicates early‐stage or artisanal/small‐scale mining,whereas higher D represents large‐scale mining.This study demonstrates that the detailed mapping of mine land can serve as an indicator to implement miningrelated market and policy changes.The(ultra‐)mafic mines area data set can be accessed at https://zenodo.org/record/7636616#.Y-p0uXaZOa0.

Chemical weathering profile in the V–Ti–Fe mine tailings pond:a basalt-weathering analog

The(ultra-)mafic mine tailings pond revealed a weathering discrepancy in the tailings profile,which provided a valuable analog to assess the role of carbonate and silicate weathering of the basalt.In this study,drill-cores samples were selected from the Wanniangou V–Ti–Fe mine tailings pond(Sichuan province,China)to investigate the mineralogicand geochemical characteristics in the tailings profile.The results reveal(1)the tailings pond profile consist of upper and lower layers.The upper layer is composed of carbonate weathering(1.4%),which was formed in the initial stages of tailings exposure and represented a minimal weathering degree.(2)The lower layer was primarily observed at the aquifer zone of the tailings pond,and was consistent with 0.45%carbonate weathering and 48.4%silicate weathering.(3)The weathering discrepancy in the tailings profile could be due to the sulfide oxidation and aerobic/flowing aquifer,which facilitate the water-tailings reactions.The tailings profile provides an analog to studying basalt weathering,as it spans both carbonate and silicate weathering.This research reinforces the idea that silicate weathering is predominant in basaltic areas and plays a crucial role in regulating atmospheric CO_(2)(carbon dioxide)levels on Earth.

Early postsurgical lethal outcome due to splenic littoral cell angioma:A case report

BACKGROUND Littoral cell angioma(LCA)is a rare benign vascular tumor of the spleen.Given its rarity,standard diagnostic and therapeutic recommendations have yet to be developed for reported cases.Splenectomy is the only method of obtaining a pathological diagnosis and providing treatment to obtain a favorable prognosis.CASE SUMMARY A 33-year-old female presented with abdominal pain for one month.Computed tomography and ultrasound revealed splenomegaly with multiple lesions and two accessory spleens.The patient underwent laparoscopic total splenectomy and accessory splenectomy,and splenic LCA was confirmed by pathology.Four months after surgery,the patient presented with acute liver failure,was readmitted,rapidly progressed to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome and died.CONCLUSION Preoperative diagnosis of LCA is challenging.We systematically reviewed online databases to identify the relevant literature and found a close relationship between malignancy and immunodysregulation.When a patient suffers from both splenic tumors and malignancy or immune-related disease,LCA is possible.Due to potential malignancy,total splenectomy(including accessory spleen)and regular follow-up after surgery are recommended.If LCA is diagnosed after surgery,a comprehensive postoperative examination is needed.

Establishment and Error Analysis of Model of Interference Fringe Contrast for Laser Tracing Measurement Optical System

A method was proposed to analyze the influences of the non-ideal spectroscopic performance of optical components and orientation errors of a laser tracing measurement optical system on the tracing measurement performance.A comprehensive model of the interference fringe contrast based on the laser tracing system s measurement principle was established in this study.Simulation results based on ZEMAX verified the model.According to the simulation results,the placement angle of the analyzer had a direct influence on the interference fringe contrast.When the angle of the polarized light to the analyzer’s transmission axis increased from 65°to 85°,each contrast of the four-way interference fringes decreased from 0.9996 to 0.3528,the interference fringe contrast is decreased by 65%.Under the split ratio of beam splitters in the interference part(BS 1)of 5∶5,when the splitting ratio of BS 2 changed from 2∶8 to 8∶2,the fringe contrast of the interference signals received by the photodetectors increased,but the injection light intensity onto the PSD reflected by BS 2 decreased.The significant influence of the tracing performance was verified by the experiments.When splitting ratio of BS 2 increased,the contrast of the interference fringes increased.Due to the weakening of the incident light intensity of the PSD caused by the change of BS 2 splitting ratio,the response time of the tracing system is increased by 23.7 ms.As a result,the tracing performance of the laser tracing measurement optical system was degraded.An important theoretical basis was provided to evaluate and improve the accuracy and reliability of laser tracing measurement systems.

纳米药物免疫调节治疗的研究进展

近年来研究发现,纳米粒子技术平台为复杂的、难治性的自身免疫或炎症性疾病的治疗带来一场新的技术革命,纳米粒子结合特异的自身抗原能重建多种自身免疫病模型的外周免疫耐受,减少免疫病理损伤。该文从纳米粒子的理化特征、给药途径以及诱导或重建免疫耐受的作用与机制等方面,综述了近年来自身免疫或炎症性疾病纳米药物免疫调节治疗的研究进展和趋势,为寻求新的治疗方法治疗炎症相关疾病提供理论基础。

Effects of triptolide on hippocampal microglial cells and astrocytes in the APP/PS1 double transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer＇s disease

The principal pathology of Alzheimer's disease includes neuronal extracellular deposition of amyloid-beta peptides and formation of senile pl aques,which in turn induce neuroinflammation in the brain.Triptolide,a natural extract from the vine-like herb Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F,has potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive efficacy.Therefore,we determined if triptolide can inhibit activation and proliferation of microglial cells and astrocytes in the APP/PS1 double transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.We used 1 or 5 μg/kg/d triptolide to treat APP/PS1 double transgenic mice(aged 4–4.5 months) for 45 days.Unbiased stereology analysis found that triptolide dose-dependently reduced the total number of microglial cells,and transformed microglial cells into the resting state.Further,triptolide(5 μg/kg/d) also reduced the total number of hippocampal astrocytes.Our in vivo test results indicate that triptolide suppresses activation and proliferation of microglial cells and astrocytes in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 double transgenic mice with Alzheimer's disease.

Quantifying the effects of short-term heat stress at booting stage on nonstructural carbohydrates remobilization in rice

Extreme heat stress events are becoming more frequent under anticipated climate change,which can have devastating impacts on rice growth and yield.To quantify the effects of short-term heat stress at booting stage on nonstructural carbohydrates(NSC)remobilization in rice,two varieties(Nanjing 41 and Wuyunjing 24)were subjected to 32/22/27°C(maximum/minimum/mean),36/26/31°C,40/30/35°C,and 44/34/39°C for 2,4 and 6 days in phytotrons at booting stage during 2014 and 2015.Yield and yield components,dry matter partitioning index(DMPI),NSC accumulation and translocation were measured and calculated.The results showed that the increase of high-temperature level and duration significantly reduced grain yield by suppressing spikelet number per panicle,seed-setting rate,and grain weight.Heat stress at booting decreased DMPI in panicles,increased DMPI in stems,but had no significant effect on photosynthetic rate.Stem NSC concentration increased whereas panicles NSC concentration,stem NSC translocation efficiency,and contribution of stem NSC to grain yield decreased.Severe heat stress even transformed the stem into a carbohydrate sink during grain filling.The heat-tolerant Wuyunjing 24 showed a higher NSC transport capacity under heat stress than the heat-sensitive Nanjing 41.Heat degree-days(HDD),which combines the effects of the intensity and duration of heat stress,used for quantifying the impacts of heat stress indicates the threshold HDD for the termination of NSC translocation is 9.82°C day.Grain yield was negatively correlated with stem NSC concentration and accumulation at maturity,and yield reduction was tightly related to NSC translocation reduction.The results suggest that heat stress at booting inhibits NSC translocation due to sink size reduction.Therefore,genotypes with higher NSC transport capacity under heat stress could be beneficial for rice yield formation.

MoS2/ZIF-8 Hybrid Materials for Environmental Catalysis:Solar-Driven Antibiotic-Degradation Engineering

Photocatalytic water purification is an efficient environmental protection method that can be used to eliminate toxic and harmful substances from industrial effluents.However,the TiO2-based catalysts currently in use absorb only a small portion of the solar spectrum in the ultraviolet(UV)region,resulting in lower efficiency.In this paper,we demonstrate a molybdenum disulfide/zeolitic imidazolate framework-8(MoS2/ZIF-8)composite photocatalyst that increases the photocatalytic degradation of ciprofloxacin(CIP)and tetracycline hydrochloride(TC)by factors of 1.21 and 1.07,respectively.The transformation products of CIP and TC from the catalysis processes are tentatively identified,with the metal-organic framework(MOF)being considered to be the main active species with holes being considered as the main active species.The hydrogen production rate of the MoS2/ZIF-8 nanocomposites is 1.79 times higher than that of MoS2.This work provides a novel perspective for exploring original and efficient 1T/2H-MoS2/MOF-based photocatalysts by optimizing the construction of surface nano-heterojunction structures.The composite photocatalyst is found to be durable,with its catalytic performance being preserved under stability testing.Thus,1T/2H-MoS2/MOF-based photocatalysts have excellent prospects for practical antibiotic-degradation engineering.

Effect of Chinese national holidays and weekends versus weekday admission on clinical outcomes in patients with STEMI undergoing primary PCI

关于有提高圣的心肌的梗塞(STEMI ) 的病人的结果上的周末和中国国家假期承认的影响的 BackgroundData 正在缺乏。这研究寻求了 .MethodsPatients 在症状发作的 12 h 以内与 STEMI 介绍与经历主要经皮的冠的干预(PPCI ) 的 STEMI 在病人在结果上调查中国国家假期和周末承认的效果经历了 PPCI 的人，回顾地被注册。在介绍中国国家假期和周末对工作日的病人的在里面医院死亡和主要不利心血管的事件的主要结果是 441 个 STEMI 病人全部的 evaluated.ResultsA 在这研究被注册。这些， 129 (29.3%) 病人们在中国国家假期和周末期间被招收并且 312 (70.7%) 在工作日期间。病人们在假期期间承认了，周末是更可能的与 Killip 班 III-IV 介绍。病人们在假期期间承认了，周末经历了一显著地更长的 door-to-balloon 时间，症状 onset-to-door 时间以及症状 onset-to-balloon 时间。在介绍假期和周末对工作日的病人之间的在里面医院死亡是可比较的。然而，在假期和周末期间招收的病人有在里面医院的显著地更高的率主要不利心血管的事件。Multivariate 分析证明假期和周末承认独立地与不利 outcomes.ConclusionsIn 中国被联系，在国家假期和周末期间经历 PPCI 的 STEMI 病人有与那些相比的结果在工作日期间承认了的更坏的在里面医院。这些调查结果建议连续努力应该被承担提高中国保健系统并且保证可比较的结果不管表示的时间为所有 STEMI 病人被完成。

Monitoring the morphology evolution of LiNi_(0.8)Mn_(0.1)Co_(0.1)O_(2)during high-temperature solid state synthesis via in situ SEM

The particle morphology determined by the sintering process is the director factor affecting the electrochemical performance of Ni-rich NMC cathode materials.To prepare the ideal NMC particles,it is of great significance to understand the morphological changes during sintering process.In this work,the morphology evolution of LiNi_(0.8)Mn_(0.1)Co_(0.1)O_(2)(NMC811)synthesis at temperature ranging from 300–1080℃were observed by in situ SEM.The uniform mixture of spherical Ni_(0.8)Mn_(0.1)Co_(0.1)(OH)_(2)precursor and lithium sources(LiOH)was employed by high temperature solid-state process inside the SEM,which enables us to observe morphology changes in real time.The results show that synthetic reaction of LiNi_(0.8)Mn_(0.1)Co_(0.1)O_(2)usually includes three processes:the raw materials’dehydration,oxidation,and combination,accompanied by a significant reduction in particle size,which is important reference to control the synthesis temperature.As heating temperature rise,the morphology of mixture also changed from flake to brick-shaped.However,Ni nanoparticle formation is apparent at higher temperature~1000℃,suggesting a structural transformation from a layered to a rock-salt-like structure.Combining the in-situ observed changes in size and morphology,and with the premise of ensuring the morphology change from flakes to bricks,reducing the sintering temperature as much as possible to prevent excessive reduction in particle size and layered to a rock-salt structure transformation is recommended for prepare ideal NMC particles.

Changes of the Unique Odontogenic Properties of Rat Apical Bud Cells under the Developing Apical Complex Microenvironment

试图在不同微型环境描绘顶端的芽的 odontogenic 能力和顶端的芽房间(ABC ) 的 phenotypical 变化。从新生的 SD 老鼠的方法论门牙顶端的芽纸巾被把并且移植了进肾的囊决定他们的 odontogenic 能力。同时 ABC 由重复微分 trypsinization 有教养、净化。当时， ABC 与从开发顶端的复杂房间(数模转换器厘米) 的调节媒介是有教养的。Immunocytochemistry，反向的 transcriptase 聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR ) 和扫描电子显微镜(SEM ) 被执行比较对待与或没有数模转换器厘米的 ABC 的生物变化。结果首先，我们证实了顶端的芽的能力宫外地形成像王冠的结构。同等地重要，由使用发展中，顶端的建筑群(数模转换器) 调节了媒介，我们发现根创造的微型环境能废除“王冠” ABC 的特征并且支持他们的增长和区别。结论 ABC 拥有 odontogenic 能力形成像王冠的纸巾和这个性质能被生产根的微型环境影响。

Gear Fault Detection Analysis Method Based on Fractional Wavelet Transform and Back Propagation Neural Network

A gear fault detection analysis method based on Fractional Wavelet Transform(FRWT)and Back Propagation Neural Network(BPNN)is proposed.Taking the changing order as the variable,the optimal order of gear vibration signals is determined by discrete fractional Fourier transform.Under the optimal order,the fractional wavelet transform is applied to eliminate noise from gear vibration signals.In this way,useful components of vibration signals can be successfully separated from background noise.Then,a set of feature vectors obtained by calculating the characteristic parameters for the de-noised signals are used to characterize the gear vibration features.Finally,the feature vectors are divided into two groups,including training samples and testing samples,which are input into the BPNN for learning and classification.Experimental results showed that this gear fault detection analysis method could well maintain the useful signal components related to gear faults and effectively extract the weak fault feature.The accuracy rate reached 96.67%in the identification of the type of gear fault.

EB degradation of perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctane sulfonate in aqueous solution

Electron beam(EB) degradation of perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate(PFOS) in aqueous solutions was studied. It suggested that PFOA and PFOS degradation followed the pseudo-firstorder kinetics, and degradation rates increased with increasing initial p H. Radical scavengers' experiments indicated that hydrated electron and hydrogen radical were important in the electron beam degradation of PFOA and PFOS, especially hydrated electron. The decomposition efficiencies were 95.7% for PFOA and 85.9% for PFOS, by EB irradiation in an anoxic alkaline solution(p H = 13).The potential degradation pathways of PFOA and PFOS by electron beam irradiation through defluorination and the removal of CH_2 unit were proposed.

新能源汽车动力电池统一标准化分析

很多国家已经制定了淘汰常规燃料车的时间表,新能源汽车已成为一个不可避免的发展方向。与常规的充放电方法比较,动力电池这种新型的电池更换方法具有快速、简便等特点,其发展潜力很大,而标准化的动力电池技术的推广和开发成为其应用的先决条件。本文阐述了在统一的规范模型下,动力电池的运营思路,并对这种方式下的电池储存、物流配送及维修等进行了详细的阐述。我们坚信,经过持续的研发与探讨,新能源汽车行业将把电动汽车的规范化进程提到议事日程。

Modeling the effects of extreme high-temperature stress at anthesis and grain filling on grain protein in winter wheat

Extreme high-temperature stress(HTS) associated with climate change poses potential threats to wheat grain yield and quality. Wheat grain protein concentration(GPC) is a determinant of wheat quality for human nutrition and is often neglected in attempts to assess climate change impacts on wheat production. Crop models are useful tools for quantification of temperature impacts on grain yield and quality.Current crop models either cannot simulate or can simulate only partially the effects of HTS on crop N dynamics and grain N accumulation. There is a paucity of observational data on crop N and grain quality collected under systematic HTS scenarios to develop algorithms for model improvement as well as evaluate crop models. Two-year phytotron experiments were conducted with two wheat cultivars under HTS at anthesis, grain filling, and both stages. HTS significantly reduced total aboveground N and increased the rate of grain N accumulation, while total aboveground N and the rate of grain N accumulation were more sensitive to HTS at anthesis than at grain filling. The observed relationships between total aboveground N, rate of grain N accumulation, and HTS were quantified and incorporated into the WheatGrow model. The new HTS routines improved simulation of the dynamics of total aboveground N, grain N accumulation, and GPC by the model. The improved model provided better estimates of total aboveground N, grain N accumulation, and GPC under HTS(the normalized root mean square error was reduced by 40%, 85%, and 80%, respectively) than the original WheatGrow model. The improvements in the model enhance its applicability to the assessment of climate change effects on wheat grain quality by reducing the uncertainties of simulating N dynamics and grain quality under HTS.

A mathematical approach to evaluate maximum frost heave of unsaturated silty clay

Maximum frost heave of unsaturated frost-susceptible soils,in conjunction with a high water table,is an important consideration for the design of foundations in seasonally frozen regions.Therefore,it is necessary to evaluate accurately and efficiently the maximum frost heave for a given soil.For this purpose,a series of one-sided freezing experiments was conducted on unsaturated silty clay in an open system.Multistage cooling of sufficient duration was applied to the soil sample's top,while constant above-zero temperatures were maintained at the bottom.Then,a simple methodology for calculating maximum frost heave at a given cooling temperature was derived utilizing information obtained within the limited time allotted for each stage.On this basis,an empirical equation for defining maximum frost heave as a function of cooling temperature and overburden pressure was determined.Overall,this study provides a simple and practical procedure that is applicable to the evaluation of maximum frost heave of unsaturated frost-susceptible soils.

Finite element analysis on deformation of high embankment in heavy-haul railway subjected to freeze-thaw cycles

Finite element simulations are increasingly providing a versatile environment for this topic. In this study, a two-dimensional finite element analysis is conducted to predict the deformation of high embankment in Bazhun heavy-haul railway, China. A recently developed nonlinear softening-type constitutive model is utilized to model the behavior of subgrade filling materials subjected to freeze-thaw cycles. For the convenience of practical application, the dynamic loading induced by a vehicle is treated as a quasi-static axle load. The deformation of this embankment with different moisture content under freeze-thaw cycles is compared. The results show that when subjected to the first freeze-thaw cycle, the embankment experienced significant deformation variations. Maximum deformation was usually achieved after the embankment with optimum moisture content experienced six freeze-thaw cycles, however, the embankment with moisture content of 8.0% and 9.5% deforms continuously even after experiencing almost ten freeze-thaw cycles. Overall, this study provides a simple nonlinear finite element approach for calculating the deformation of the embankment in changing climate conditions.

Similarities and Differences of CT Features between COVID-19 Pneumonia and Heart Failure

Aims:During the COVID-19 epidemic,chest computed tomography(CT)has been highly recommended for screen-ing of patients with suspected COVID-19 because of an unclear contact history,overlapping clinical features,and an overwhelmed health system.However,there has not been a full comparison of CT for diagnosis of heart failure or COVID-19 pneumonia.Methods:Patients with heart failure(n=23)or COVID-19 pneumonia(n=23)and one patient with both diseases were retrospectively enrolled.Clinical information and chest CT images were obtained and analyzed.Results:There was no difference in ground-glass opacity,consolidation,crazy paving pattern,the lobes affected,and septal thickening between heart failure and COVID-19 pneumonia.However,a less rounded morphology(4%vs.70%,P=0.00092),more peribronchovascular thickening(70%vs.35%,P=0.018)and fi ssural thickening(43%vs.4%,P=0.002),and less peripheral distribution(30%vs.87%,P=0.00085)were found in the heart failure group than in the COVID-19 group.Importantly,there were also more patients with upper pulmonary vein enlargement(61%vs.4%,P=0.00087),subpleural effusion(50%vs.0%,P=0.00058),and cardiac enlargement(61%vs.4%,P=0.00075)in the heart failure group than in the COVID-19 group.Besides,more fi brous lesions were found in the COVID-19 group,although there was no statistical difference(22%vs.4%,P=0.080).Conclusions:Although there is some overlap of CT features between heart failure and COVID-19,CT is still a useful tool for differentiating COVID-19 pneumonia.