生物质和塑料加氢脱氧制备燃料和化学品的双金属催化剂研究进展

在全球致力于实现碳中和的大背景下,生物质和废弃塑料的高值化利用已成为科研领域的研究热点.加氢脱氧反应(HDO),作为实现这一目标的重要途径之一,通过精准解离C-O/C-C键,为生产燃料和化学品提供了有效方法.在HDO过程中,C-O键的氢解及不饱和键的氢化是主要步骤,而C-C键的氢解则是需要避免的副反应.与简单的氢化反应相比,HDO过程需要具有双功能特性的催化剂,特别是当目标产物为含氧化合物时,催化剂的区域选择性至关重要.近年来,双金属催化剂在生物质及其衍生物以及含氧塑料废弃物和聚合物的HDO过程中的应用受到广泛关注.通过深入理解金属纳米颗粒与金属氧化物之间的协同作用和强相互作用,双金属催化剂的理性设计取得了显著进展.特别是,部分金属氧化物(如ReO_(x),WO_(x),MoO_(x),FeO_(x))与贵金属(如Ir,Pt,Ru)之间存在的强相互作用,不仅促进了C-O键的断裂,还有效保留了C-C键,为催化剂的高活性和高选择性奠定了基础.通过调整催化剂组成、使用小比表面积的载体等方法,可以进一步优化催化剂性能.本综述聚焦于金属氧化物改性的贵金属催化剂在HDO反应中的最新研究进展,特别是总结了Ir、Pt和Ru基催化剂在HDO反应中的应用.由于这类催化剂的结构和性能能够精确控制,并且每种催化剂都具备独特的选择性,因此被广泛应用于生物质衍生物和塑料废弃物的HDO过程中.本文总结了双金属催化剂的结构特点、HDO反应机制、催化剂结构与催化性能之间的关联,以及这些催化剂在高附加值化学品生产中的实际应用.我们以甘油和1,2-丙二醇的氢解为模型反应,深入探讨了基于Ir、Pt和Ru的双金属催化剂的催化性能、结构特点和催化机理.这些催化剂在温和条件下实现了高效的氢脱氧反应,有效抑制了C-C键的断裂,并优化了化学选择性和区域选择性.双金属催化剂在生物质精炼和塑料/聚合物转化方面展现出广泛的适用性.本文还介绍了其在木质纤维素衍生原料、羰基化合物以及聚碳酸酯等塑料中的应用.然而,双金属催化剂的稳定性在实际应用中仍面临挑战,如金属烧结、浸出、积碳及金属-金属氧化物界面的重构等问题.因此,未来的研究重点是开发高效的再生方法和高度稳定的催化剂.综上所述,金属氧化物改性的贵金属催化剂在HDO反应中展现出巨大潜力.通过深入研究和优化,有望为生物质和塑料的高值化利用提供有效解决方案.本文旨在为双金属催化剂的理性设计和优化提供参考,以期推动生物质和塑料的高值化利用技术的进一步发展和应用.

A stable implicit nodal integration-based particle finite element method(N-PFEM)for modelling saturated soil dynamics

In this study,we present a novel nodal integration-based particle finite element method(N-PFEM)designed for the dynamic analysis of saturated soils.Our approach incorporates the nodal integration technique into a generalised Hellinger-Reissner(HR)variational principle,creating an implicit PFEM formulation.To mitigate the volumetric locking issue in low-order elements,we employ a node-based strain smoothing technique.By discretising field variables at the centre of smoothing cells,we achieve nodal integration over cells,eliminating the need for sophisticated mapping operations after re-meshing in the PFEM.We express the discretised governing equations as a min-max optimisation problem,which is further reformulated as a standard second-order cone programming(SOCP)problem.Stresses,pore water pressure,and displacements are simultaneously determined using the advanced primal-dual interior point method.Consequently,our numerical model offers improved accuracy for stresses and pore water pressure compared to the displacement-based PFEM formulation.Numerical experiments demonstrate that the N-PFEM efficiently captures both transient and long-term hydro-mechanical behaviour of saturated soils with high accuracy,obviating the need for stabilisation or regularisation techniques commonly employed in other nodal integration-based PFEM approaches.This work holds significant implications for the development of robust and accurate numerical tools for studying saturated soil dynamics.

Confirmation of a Sub-Saturn-size Transiting Exoplanet Orbiting a G Dwarf:TOI-1194 b and a Very Low Mass Companion Star: TOI-1251 B from TESS

We report the confirmation of a sub-Saturn-size exoplanet,TOI-1194 b,with a mass of about 0.456+0.055-0.051M_(J),and a very low mass companion star with a mass of about 96.5±1.5 MJ,TOI-1251 B.Exoplanet candidates provided by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite(TESS)are suitable for further follow-up observations by ground-based telescopes with small and medium apertures.The analysis is performed based on data from several telescopes worldwide,including telescopes in the Sino-German multiband photometric campaign,which aimed at confirming TESS Objects of Interest(TOIs)using ground-based small-aperture and medium-aperture telescopes,especially for long-period targets.TOI-1194 b is confirmed based on the consistent periodic transit depths from the multiband photometric data.We measure an orbital period of 2.310644±0.000001 days,the radius is 0.767+0.045-0.041RJ and the amplitude of the RV curve is 69.4_(-7.3)^(+7.9)m s^(-1).TOI-1251 B is confirmed based on the multiband photometric and high-resolution spectroscopic data,whose orbital period is 5.963054+0.000002-0.000001days,radius is 0.947+0.035-0.033 R_(J) and amplitude of the RV curve is 9849_(-40)^(+42)ms^(-1).

Heavy ion energy influence on multiple-cell upsets in small sensitive volumes:from standard to high energies

The 28 nm process has a high cost-performance ratio and has gradually become the standard for the field of radiation-hardened devices.However,owing to the minimum physical gate length of only 35 nm,the physical area of a standard 6T SRAM unit is approximately 0.16μm^(2),resulting in a significant enhancement of multi-cell charge-sharing effects.Multiple-cell upsets(MCUs)have become the primary physical mechanism behind single-event upsets(SEUs)in advanced nanometer node devices.The range of ionization track effects increases with higher ion energies,and spacecraft in orbit primarily experience SEUs caused by high-energy ions.However,ground accelerator experiments have mainly obtained low-energy ion irradiation data.Therefore,the impact of ion energy on the SEU cross section,charge collection mechanisms,and MCU patterns and quantities in advanced nanometer devices remains unclear.In this study,based on the experimental platform of the Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou,low-and high-energy heavy-ion beams were used to study the SEUs of 28 nm SRAM devices.The influence of ion energy on the charge collection processes of small-sensitive-volume devices,MCU patterns,and upset cross sections was obtained,and the applicable range of the inverse cosine law was clarified.The findings of this study are an important guide for the accurate evaluation of SEUs in advanced nanometer devices and for the development of radiation-hardening techniques.

Optimizing the power conversion processes in diluted donor/acceptor heterojunctions towards 19.4%efficiency all-polymer solar cells

All polymer solar cells(all-PSCs)promise mechanically-flexible and morphologically-stable organic photovoltaics and have aroused increased interests very recently.However,due to their disorderly conformation structures within the photoactive film,inefficient charge generation and carrier transport are observed which lead to inferior photovoltaic performance compared to smaller molecular acceptor-based photovoltaics.Here,by diluting PM6 with a cutting-edge polymeric acceptor PY-IT and diluting PY-IT with PM6 or D18,donor-dominating or acceptor-dominating heterojunctions were prepared.Synchrotron X-ray and multiple spectrometer techniques reveal that the diluted heterojunctions receive increased structural order,translating to enhanced carrier mobility,improved exciton diffusion length,and suppressed non-radiative recombination loss during the power conversion.As the results,the corresponding PM6+1%PY-IT/PY-IT+1%D18 and PM6+1%PY-IT/PY-IT+1%PM6 devices fabricated by layer-by-layer deposition received superior power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 19.4%and 18.8%respectively,along with enhanced operational lifetimes in air,outperforming the PCE of 17.5%in the PM6/PY-IT reference device.

Investigation of Projectile Impact Behaviors of Graphene Aerogel Using Molecular Dynamics Simulations

Graphene aerogel(GA),as a novel solid material,has shown great potential in engineering applications due to its unique mechanical properties.In this study,the mechanical performance of GA under high-velocity projectile impacts is thoroughly investigated using full-atomic molecular dynamics(MD)simulations.The study results show that the porous structure and density are key factors determining the mechanical response of GA under impact loading.Specifically,the impact-induced penetration of the projectile leads to the collapse of the pore structure,causing stretching and subsequent rupture of covalent bonds in graphene sheets.Moreover,the effects of temperature on the mechanical performance of GA have been proven to be minimal,thereby highlighting the mechanical stability of GA over a wide range of temperatures.Finally,the energy absorption density(EAD)and energy absorption efficiency(EAE)metrics are adopted to assess the energy absorption capacity of GA during projectile penetration.The research findings of this work demonstrate the significant potential of GA for energy absorption applications.

A Multi-AGV Routing Planning Method Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning and Recurrent Neural Network

Dear Editor,This letter presents a multi-automated guided vehicles(AGV) routing planning method based on deep reinforcement learning(DRL)and recurrent neural network(RNN), specifically utilizing proximal policy optimization(PPO) and long short-term memory(LSTM).

Carbon emission reduction: Contribution of geothermal energy and practice in China

As a kind of natural energy from the earth’s interior,geothermal energy is characterized by large reserve,wide distribution,good stability,high utilization coefficient,and positive effects of energy-saving and emission-reduction.It is of great significance for promoting green and low-carbon energy transition,reducing greenhouse gas emission,and achieving global climate goals and sustainable economic development.Hence,it has been highly recognized and valued by lots of countries around the world,and has become one of the most important clean energy sources that countries are accelerating to develop and utilize.The potential of the global geothermal energy resource is estimated to be 1.25×1027 J,equivalent to 4.27×10^(16) t of standard coal,among which the geothermal resource between 0 km and 5 km is 1.45×10^(26) J,equivalent to 4.95×1015 t of standard coal(China Geological Survey,2018).

Carbon emission reduction:Contribution of photovoltaic power and practice in China

As a clean and renewable form of energy,photovoltaic(PV)power generation converts solar energy into electrical energy,reducing the consumption of fossil fuels and significantly lowering greenhouse gas emissions.Amidst the global transition towards cleaner forms of energy,countries all around the world are vigorously developing PV technology.

Efficacy of scleral buckling for the treatment of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment using a novel foldable capsular buckle

●AIM:To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of scleral buckling for the treatment of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment(RRD)using a novel foldable capsular buckle(FCB).●METHODS:This was a series of case observation studies.Eighteen patients(18 eyes)who visited our ophthalmology department between August 2020 and August 2022 and were treated for RRD with scleral buckling using FCB were included.The procedure was similar to conventional scleral buckling,while a balloon-like FCB was placed onto the retinal break with balanced salt solution filling for a broad,external indentation instead of the silicone buckle.The retinal reattachment rate,best corrected visual acuity(BCVA),intraocular pressure(IOP),refractive dioptre and astigmatism degree,and complications were evaluated and recorded.●RESULTS:There were 7 males and 11 females aged 19-58y.The average time course of RRD was 12d,ranging from 7-20d.The retinal break was located in the superior quadrants in 8 eyes and in the inferior quadrants in 10 eyes,with macula-off detachments in 12 eyes.The patients were followed-up for at least 6mo.The final retinal reattachment rate was 100%.The BCVA was significantly improved compared with the baseline(P<0.05).There was no significant change in refractive dioptre or astigmatism degree at each follow-up(all P>0.05).Three patients had transiently high IOPs within one week after surgery.Mild diplopia occurred in 5 patients after surgery and then disappeared after the balloon fluid was removed.●CONCLUSION:The success rate of FCB scleral buckling for RRD is satisfactory.This procedure can be expected to be applied in new,uncomplicated cases of RRD.

Research on Quantitative Identification of Three-Dimensional Connectivity of Fractured-Vuggy Reservoirs

The fractured-vuggy carbonate oil resources in the western basin of China are extremely rich.The connectivity of carbonate reservoirs is complex,and there is still a lack of clear understanding of the development and topological structure of the pore space in fractured-vuggy reservoirs.Thus,effective prediction of fractured-vuggy reservoirs is difficult.In view of this,this work employs adaptive point cloud technology to reproduce the shape and capture the characteristics of a fractured-vuggy reservoir.To identify the complex connectivity among pores,fractures,and vugs,a simplified one-dimensional connectivity model is established by using the meshless connection element method(CEM).Considering that different types of connection units have different flow characteristics,a sequential coupling calculation method that can efficiently calculate reservoir pressure and saturation is developed.By automatic history matching,the dynamic production data is fitted in real-time,and the characteristic parameters of the connection unit are inverted.Simulation results show that the three-dimensional connectivity model of the fractured-vuggy reservoir built in this work is as close as 90%of the fine grid model,while the dynamic simulation efficiency is much higher with good accuracy.

头体配穴法埋线治疗心肾不交型失眠的临床研究

目的:观察头体配穴法埋线治疗心肾不交型失眠的临床效果。方法:以2021年4月-2022年4月梅州市第二中医医院康复科门诊收治的符合纳入标准的80例心肾不交型失眠患者为研究对象,并通过随机计数法分为治疗组和对照组。其中,治疗组采用头体配穴法埋线治疗,埋线穴位:心俞穴、肾俞穴、安眠穴、关元穴、太溪穴、百会穴、神庭穴,一周1次,共治疗8周;对照组选取同样的穴位进行针刺治疗,针刺治疗一周3次(星期一、星期三、星期五),共治疗8周。结果:(1)治疗组和对照组的性别、平均年龄和平均病程对比,差异没有显著意义(P>0.05);(2)治疗前两组患者的匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index,PSQI)评分和睡眠率差异不明显(P>0.05),治疗后两组患者的PSQI评分较治疗前均显著减低(P<0.05),相比对照组,治疗组患者治疗后的PSQI评分比治疗前极显著减低(P<0.01);治疗后两组患者的睡眠率较治疗前均显著升高(P<0.05),相比对照组,治疗组患者治疗后的睡眠率比治疗前极显著升高(P<0.01);(3)治疗组患者的有效率显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:头体配穴法埋线治疗心肾不交型失眠具有显著的临床效果,相比针刺疗法,可以提高睡眠效率、改善睡眠质量,更好地改善患者的睡眠状况,值得临床广泛应用。

Exponential Estimation of the Lyapunov Function for Delay-Coupled Neural Networks with Integral Terms

This paper investigates a class of coupled neural networks with delays and ad-dresses the exponential synchronization problem using delay-compensatory impulsive control. Razumikhin-type inequalities involving some destabilizing delayed impulse gains are proposed, along with a new delay-compensatory concept demonstrating two crucial roles in system stability. Based on the constructed inequalities and the introduced delay-compensatory concept, sufficient stability and synchronization criteria for globally exponential synchronization of coupled neural networks are provided. To address the exponential synchronization problem in coupled neural networks. Utilizing delay-compensatory impulsive control and Razumikhin-type inequalities. The Lyapunov function for coupled neural networks with delays and integral terms exhibits exponential estimates.

机构投资者合作如何促进公司创新?——基于基金网络社区结构的研究视角

“公司大股东话语权过强,机构投资者话语权不足”是阻碍单独机构投资者参与公司治理的突出问题,而机构投资者之间的合作行为能够有效地提升治理意愿、强化治理水平。本文首次从理论和实证上分析了机构投资者通过信息交流合作来强化公司治理的作用机制和经济效果。本文构造了一个序贯博弈模型均衡来刻画共同基金的行为机制,理论结果显示基金合作会形成具有社区分布特征的信息网络结构,处于同一社区中的关联配对基金会对持股公司形成合作治理关系,从而提升双方的治理意愿与治理效果。进而本文基于2007—2021年上市公司创新数据和基金持股数据进行了实证分析,结果显示基金在网络社区结构下的治理合作关系能够显著激励公司未来的创新活动。进一步的分析发现:第一,配对基金之间的社区合作关系呈现出独特的治理效应,这一效应不能被以往的网络信息度和抱团持股指标所解释,在考虑因果识别以及稳健性检验后结论依然成立;第二,本文在社区结构中识别了两类具体的基金合作行为,即“共同调研”和“同步交易”,两者分别代表机构投资者通过“用手投票”和“用脚投票”渠道的合作治理机制;第三,基金的主动监督意愿会影响合作治理的效果,有更高监督意愿的基金会更积极频繁地参与共同调研活动,对公司创新活动有更好的治理效果。本文研究有助于理解机构投资者治理机制、推进公司治理,并为资本市场高质量发展提供有益的政策启示。

空气过滤用驻极体纤维材料研究进展

驻极体纤维过滤材料是口罩、空气净化器、暖通空调系统过滤器等空气过滤产品的核心滤层材料,驻极纤维滤材可利用纤维与气溶胶颗粒间的静电力捕集气溶胶颗粒,表现出高效低阻过滤性能。文中介绍了驻极过滤材料的静电吸附机理、电荷表征方法,分析了驻极原料、驻极工艺和存放环境等影响驻极过滤材料电荷稳定性的因素,从构建复合膜结构、添加纳米颗粒两方面阐述了提升驻极材料带电能力和电荷稳定性的研究现状,最后提出了驻极体纤维过滤材料目前存在的问题及未来发展方向。

“健脾利湿化瘀方”联合治疗激素敏感性前列腺癌的真实世界研究

目的:观察“健脾利湿化瘀方”联合雄激素受体抑制剂/雄激素合成抑制剂+促性腺激素释放激素激动剂(MAB)治疗激素敏感性前列腺癌(hormone-sensitive prostate cancer,HSPC)的临床疗效。方法:选取2019年11月至2021年6月于天津中医药大学第一附属医院、天津医科大学总医院就诊的HSPC患者100例,随机分为治疗组和对照组各50例,对照组接受MAB治疗,治疗组在对照组基础上给予“健脾利湿化瘀方”。主要观察指标为中位无进展生存期(median progression-free survival,mPFS)、前列腺特异性抗原(prostate specific antigen,PSA);次要观察指标为血清睾酮、中医临床症状评分、肿瘤生存质量调查表(EORTC QLQ-C30)、KPS功能状态评分。结果:治疗组较对照组可延长mPFS 4个月(16个月vs.12个月)、明显降低PSA水平、改善中医临床症状、改善QLQ-C30、提高KPS评分(均P<0.05)。亚组预后因素分析显示,治疗前KPS评分90分组、PSA最低值≤1 ng/mL、PSA下降≥90%的患者在治疗组中获益更显著。结论:“健脾利湿化瘀方”联合MAB治疗延长患者的m PFS,更好地降低PSA水平,实现PSA的深度应答,降低血清睾酮至去势水平,延长激素敏感时间,改善中医临床症状,提高患者的生存质量。

Experimental research and numerical simulation of the multi-field performance of cemented paste backfill:Review and future perspectives

Cemented paste backfill(CPB)technology is a green mining method used to control underground goaves and tailings ponds.The curing process of CPB in the stope is the product of a thermo-hydro-mechanical-chemical multi-field performance interaction.At present,research on the multi-field performance of CPB mainly includes indoor similar simulation experiments,in-situ multi-field performance monitoring experiments,multi-field performance coupling model construction of CPB,and numerical simulation of the multi-field performance of CPB.Because it is hard to study the in-situ multi-field performance of CPB in the real stope,most current research on in-situ multi-field performance adopts the numerical simulation method.By simulating the conditions of CPB in the real stope(e.g.,maintenance environment,stope geometry,drainage conditions,and barricade and backfilling rates),the multi-field performance of CPB is further studied.This paper summarizes the mathematical models employed in the numerical simulation and lists the engineering application cases of numerical simulation in the in-situ multi-field performance of CPB.Finally,it proposes that the multi-field performance of CPB needs to strengthen the theoretical study of multi-field performance,form the strength design criterion based on the multi-field performance of CPB,perform a full-range numerical simulation of the multi-field performance of CPB,develop a pre-warning technology for the CPB safety of CPB,develop automatic and wireless sensors for the multi-field performance monitoring of CPB,and realize the application and popularization of CPB monitoring technology.

In situ generation of Li_(3)N concentration gradient in 3D carbon-based lithium anodes towards highly-stable lithium metal batteries

The uncontrolled dendrite growth of lithium metal anodes(LMAs)caused by unstable anode/electrolyte interface and uneven lithium deposition have impeded the practical applications of lithium metal batteries(LMBs).Constructing a robust artificial solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)and regulating the lithium deposition behavior is an effective strategy to address these issues.Herein,a three-dimensional(3D)lithium anode with gradient Li_(3)N has been in-situ fabricated on carbon-based framework by thermal diffusion method(denoted as CC/Li/Li_(3)N).Density functional theory(DFT)calculations reveal that Li_(3)N can effectively promote the transport of Li^(+)due to the low energy barrier of Li^(+)diffusion.As expected,the Li_(3)N-rich conformal artificial SEI film can not only effectively stabilize the interface and avoid parasitic reactions,but also facilitate fast Li^(+)transport across the SEI layer.The anode matrix with uniformly distributed Li3N can enable homogenous deposition of Li,thus preventing Li dendrite propagation.Benefiting from these merits,the CC/Li/Li_(3)N anode achieves ultralong-term cycling for>1000 h at a current density of 2 m A cm^(-2)and dendrite-free Li deposition at an ultrahigh rate of 20 m A cm^(-2).Moreover,the full cells coupled with LiFePO4cathodes show extraordinary cycling stability for>300 cycles in liquidelectrolyte-based batteries and display a high-capacity retention of 96.7%after 100 cycles in solid-state cells,demonstrating the promising prospects for the practical applications of LMBs.

镓改性的铜基疏水催化剂用于CO_(2)选择性加氢制二甲醚的研究

CO_(2)选择性加氢制二甲醚(DME)是实现CO_(2)资源化利用的重要途径之一.然而,该过程面临着多方面的挑战.比如,水分子会限制CO_(2)的高效转化并诱导铜颗粒的团聚,导致催化活性与稳定性不足.此外,沸石分子筛甲醇脱水催化剂的酸性过强容易造成甲醇过度脱水生成低碳烃,导致催化选择性不足.因此,开发高效稳定的CO_(2)加氢制DME催化剂十分必要.本文通过共水解法制备了一系列镓改性的疏水二氧化硅负载铜基催化剂,并通过优化疏水基团含量以及铜与镓的比例来进一步提高催化性能.通过X射线衍射、氢气程序升温还原、X射线光电子能谱和CO吸附红外光谱等方法进行表征,结果表明,镓物种对铜纳米颗粒的电子结构进行了调控,提升了催化剂上Cuδ+物种的含量,从而抑制了逆水煤气转换反应,实现了CO选择性的降低.此外,水蒸气等温吸附、水蒸气程序升温脱附和水滴接触角测试等结果表明,引入疏水甲基基团可以调控催化剂表面的浸润性,提升水分子的扩散速率并抑制其二次吸附.在镓改性和甲基基团疏水修饰的协同作用下,Cu/Ga-SiO_(2)-20Me催化剂上CO_(2)转化率从5.5%提升至9.7%,DME选择性达到59.3%,而CO选择性则从40%降至11.3%.在100h的长周期测试中,表现出较好的催化稳定性.通过研究CO_(2)加氢催化剂(Cu/SiO_(2)-20Me)和甲醇脱水催化剂(Ga/SiO_(2)-20Me)的混合方式,探讨了疏水环境下铜和镓物种之间的协同作用.结果表明,镓改性和疏水基团的协同作用有助于串联反应的同步进行,避免了甲醇中间体的气相扩散和二次吸附.对于物理混合催化剂,由于两种活性金属存在一定的空间距离,导致铜基催化剂上生成的甲醇必须气相扩散并二次吸附于镓催化剂表面以进行后续甲醇脱水生成二甲醚反应.然而,在疏水甲基基团的作用下,抑制了极性甲醇分子的二次吸附,导致了二甲醚选择性的降低.尽管如此,对于Cu/Ga-SiO_(2)-20Me复合催化剂,铜与镓物种的毗邻性实现了CO_(2)加氢制甲醇和甲醇脱水制二甲醚串联反应能够同步进行,成功避免了甲醇中间体的气相扩散和二次吸附.此外,疏水甲基基团可以加速反应生成水的扩散,促进反应平衡正向进行,实现高效催化.综上,本文研究结果为催化系统的空间分布控制提供了有益的见解,并为设计适用于疏水催化过程的新型串联催化剂提供了参考.此外,该理念为催化剂体系的设计提供了新的思路.

Drug repositioning of disulfiram induces endometrioid epithelial ovarian cancer cell death via the both apoptosis and cuproptosis pathways

Various therapeutic strategies have been developed to overcome ovarian cancer.However,the prognoses resulting from these strategies are still unclear.In the present work,we screened 54 small molecule compounds approved by the FDA to identify novel agents that could inhibit the viability of human epithelial ovarian cancer cells.Among these,we identified disulfiram(DSF),an old alcohol-abuse drug,as a potential inducer of cell death in ovarian cancer.Mechanistically,DSF treatment significantly reduced the expression of the anti-apoptosis marker Bcell lymphoma/leukemia-2(Bcl-2)and increase the expression of the apoptotic molecules Bcl2 associated X(Bax)and cleaved caspase-3 to promote human epithelial ovarian cancer cell apoptosis.Furthermore,DSF is a newly identified effective copper ionophore,thus the combination of DSF and copper was used to reduce ovarian cancer viability than DSF single treatment.Combination treatment with DSF and copper also led to the reduced expression of ferredoxin 1 and loss of Fe-S cluster proteins(biomarkers of cuproptosis).In vivo,DSF and copper gluconate significantly decreased the tumor volume and increased the survival rate in a murine ovarian cancer xenograft model.Thus,the role of DSF revealed its potential for used as a viable therapeutic agent for the ovarian cancer.