Research progress on the molecular biological characteristics of colorectal laterally spreading tumor

Colorectal laterally spreading tumor (LST) is a flat protuberant lesion originating from the colorectal mucosa, which is mainly charactherized by lateral superficial diffusion, and rarely vertically invades the deep wall of the intestine. LST is closely related to the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer, but its pathological morphology and molecular mechanism are different from those of general adenoma, and it has some particularity. At present, the related research on LST in China has just started, but we find that its incidence is not low. Therefore, the research progress of epidemiology, molecular biology as well as clinical diagnosis and treatment of this disease is reviewed.

π-Conjugated cyanostilbene-based optoelectric functional materials

π-Conjugated organic luminescent materials are essential components for modern optical and photoelectric research.This review mainly probes into the recent work in the progress of smart π-conjugated organic systems in the form of cyanostilbene and its derivatives,which can regulate its excellent features in response to a variety of physical or chemical stimuli（e.g.viscosity,light,magnetism,electric field,polarity,pH and solvent environment）.As a result of its extensive applicability and adaptability,cyanostilbene and its derivatives have been planted into different structural architectures such as polymers,functional nanoparticles,solid membranes,supramolecular systems and so on.This review will first give a general description of the preparation and characterization of cyanostilbenebased optoelectric luminophores and then focus on their peculiar functional properties in the need for advanced material applications,such as AIEE（aggregation-induced enhanced emission effect）,solidstate emission,photovoltaics,photolithography and photochromism to be further processed afterwards.The purpose of this review is to give a platform of practical organic materials,mostly cyanostilbene and its derivatives,based on stable aromatic derivatives,to contribute to the booming of modern π-conjugated photoelectric materials that integrate with contemporary physics,material chemistry,bioengineering,medical science and aerospace altogether.

Comparison of Two Dose-response Relationship of Noise Exposure Evaluation Results with High Frequency Hearing Loss

Background:Complex noise and its relation to hearing loss are difficult to measure and evaluate.In complex noise measurement,individual exposure results may not accurately represent lifetime noise exposure.Thus,the mean LAeq,8 h values of individuals in the same workgroup were also used to represent LAeq,8h in our study.Our study aimed to explore whether the mean exposure levels of workers in the same workgroup represented real noise exposure better than individual exposure levels did.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted to establish a model for cumulative noise exposure (CNE) and hearing loss in 205 occupational noise-exposed workers who were recruited from two large automobile manufacturers in China.We used a personal noise dosimeter and a questionnaire to determine the workers' occupational noise exposure levels and exposure times,respectively.A qualified audiologist used standardized audiometric procedures to assess hearing acuity after at least 16 h of noise avoidance.Results:We observed that 88.3％ of workers were exposed to more than 85 dB(A) of occupational noise (mean:89.3 ± 4.2 dB(A)).The personal CNE (CNEp) and workgroup CNE (CNEg) were 100.5 ± 4.7 dB(A) and 100.5 ± 2.9 dB(A),respectively.In the binary logistic regression analysis,we established a regression model with high-frequency hearing loss as the dependent variable and CNE as the independent variable.The Wald value was 5.014 with CNEp as the independent variable and 8.653 with CNEg as the independent variable.Furthermore,we found that the figure for CNEg was more similar to the stationary noise reference than CNEp was.The CNEg model was better than the CNEp model.In this circumstance,we can measure some subjects instead of the whole workgroup and save manpower.Conclusions:In a complex noise environment,the measurements of average noise exposure level of the workgroup can improve the accuracy and save manpower.