Hydralazine represses Fpn ubiquitination to rescue injured neurons via competitive binding to UBA52

A major impedance to neuronal regeneration after peripheral nerve injury (PNI) is the activation of various programmed cell death mechanisms in the dorsal root ganglion. Ferroptosis is a form of programmed cell death distinguished by imbalance in iron and thiol metabolism, leading to lethal lipid peroxidation. However, the molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis in the context of PNI and nerve regeneration remain unclear. Ferroportin (Fpn), the only known mammalian nonheme iron export protein, plays a pivotal part in inhibiting ferroptosis by maintaining intracellular iron homeostasis. Here, we explored in vitro and in vivo the involvement of Fpn in neuronal ferroptosis. We first delineated that reactive oxygen species at the injury site induces neuronal ferroptosis by increasing intracellular iron via accelerated UBA52-driven ubiquitination and degradation of Fpn, and stimulation of lipid peroxidation. Early administration of the potent arterial vasodilator, hydralazine (HYD), decreases the ubiquitination of Fpn after PNI by binding to UBA52, leading to suppression of neuronal cell death and significant acceleration of axon regeneration and motor function recovery. HYD targeting of ferroptosis is a promising strategy for clinical management of PNI.

Hydrogen-bond mediated and concentrate-dependent NaHCO_(3) crystal morphology in NaHCO3–Na2CO3 aqueous solution: Experiments and computer simulations

Adding Na_(2)CO_(3) to the NaHCO_(3) cooling crystallizer, using the common ion effect to promote crystallization and improve product morphology, is a new process recently proposed in the literature. However, the mechanism of the impact of Na_(2)CO_(3)on the crystal morphology is still indeterminate. In this work, the crystallization of NaHCO_(3)in water and Na_(2)CO_(3)–NaHCO_(3) aqueous solution was investigated by experiments and molecular dynamics simulations(MD). The crystallization results demonstrate that the morphology of NaHCO_(3) crystal changed gradually from needle-like to flake structure with the addition of Na_(2)CO_(3). The simulation results indicate that the layer docking model and the modified attachment energy formula without considering the roughness of crystal surface can obtain the crystal morphology in agreement with the experimental results, but the lower molecules of the crystal layer have to be fixed during MD. Thermodynamic calculation of the NaHCO_(3) crystallization process verifies that the common ion effect from Na^(+)and the ionization equilibrium transformation from CO_(3)^(2-) jointly promote the precipitation of NaHCO_(3) crystal. The radial distribution function analysis indicates that the oxygen atoms of Na_(2)CO_(3) formed strong hydrogen bonds with the hydrogen atoms of the(0 1 1) face, which weakened the hydration of water molecules at the crystal surface, resulting in a significant change in the attachment energy of this crystal surface. In addition, Na+and CO_(3)^(2-) are more likely to accumulate on the(011) face,resulting in the fastest growth rate on this crystal surface, which eventually leads to a change in crystal morphology from needle-like to flake-like.

调控层状双金属氢氧化物电子结构促进氧析出反应（英文）

氢气具有能量密度高、无毒、燃烧产物无环境污染等优点,是一种极具应用前景的可再生能源.目前制氢技术主要包括天然气重整制氢、光解水制氢及电解水制氢,其中天然气重整制氢存在纯度低、成本高的缺点,而光解水制氢技术尚不成熟.电解水制氢纯度高、成本低,已成为一种比较常用且成熟的制氢方法.电解水过程是指在电解池中利用电能分解水分子并释放出氢气和氧气的电化学过程,它包含两个半反应,即阳极析氧反应(OER)和阴极析氢反应(HER).在室温下驱动析氢反应与析氧反应的理论电位分别为0与1.23 V.但是,在实际电解过程中需要额外的电位(过电位)去激活和克服原始反应能垒,因此,尽可能的降低电解水的过电位是氢能广泛应用的必要条件.过渡金属化合物,特别是层状双金属氢氧化物(LDHs),由于其独特的二维层状结构和组成元素可灵活调变等特性,被认为是最具发展前景的电催化剂之一.但LDHs较差的电子导电性和较厚的板层结构极大的限制了其作为氧析出电催化剂的大规模应用.本文总结了LDHs作为OER电催化剂的研究进展,重点介绍了不同阳离子、不同阴离子、缺陷工程、各类插层阴离子和表面改性等改变对材料表面电子结构的影响机制.本文首先介绍了电解水析氧反应在不同电解液中的反应机理,讨论了析氧反应在动力学和热力学过程的主要障碍.通过对大量文献的归纳,综述了近年来通过调控LDHs的电子结构增加其活性位点数目、增强活性位点的本征活性,进而提高其OER催化性能的研究成果和最新进展,重点探讨了阳离子调控、阴离子调控、缺陷工程、插层阴离子调控和表面改性等调控方式对LDHs电催化剂OER性能的影响,总结了各种电子结构调控及其对电催化性能的影响.通过分析不同价态阳离子、阴离子对催化活性位点的电子结构影响,不同层间插层阴离子对催化剂层间距的影响,不同类型缺陷带来的微观结构和表层电子结构变化及表面改性带来的表层电子状态,亲疏水性的区别等实验现象,总结了层状过渡金属氢氧化物OER性能提升的策略.此外,本文还做了在LDHs的催化性能调控方面的挑战和展望,对未来开发和设计高效的OER电催化剂提供了崭新的思路.

A mini-review on the modeling of volatile organic compound adsorption in activated carbons: Equilibrium, dynamics, and heat effects

The research on the adsorption equilibria,kinetics,and increase in process temperature of the volatile organic compound(VOC)adsorption in porous materials ensures safe production,thereby reducing production costs and improving separation efficiency.Therefore,it is critical in predicting the entire adsorption process based on minimal or no experimental input of the adsorbate and adsorbent.We discuss,in this review,the factors that affect the adsorption performance of VOCs in activated carbons,including the adsorption equilibrium,adsorption kinetics,and exotherm during adsorption.Subsequently,the existing prediction models are summarized and compared concerning the adsorption equilibrium,adsorption kinetics,and exothermic process of adsorption.We then propose a new prediction model based on intermolecular interaction and provide an outlook toward the design and manipulation of efficient adsorbents for the VOC system.

The biomethane producing potential in China： A theoretical and practical estimation

Biomethane has been developed rapidly in many countries as a renewable energy which upgraded from biogas.China also began to pay attention to it even though we still at a initial stage, primarily, understanding the biomethane potential and development prospect, choosing appropriate biomass as the biomethane source is very important. In this work, the theoretical and practical biomethane producing potential from five main biomass resources in China were estimated with appropriate methods based on the data collected, and during calculation, two appropriate energy crops were assumed to be planted on marginal lands for biomethane production. Our estimation showed that the theoretical and practical biomethane potentials in China can reach to 888.78 and 316.30 billion m^3 per year, agricultural waste should be the preferential development biomass,and planting energy crops on marginal lands is the most promising way to enhance biomethane production in China. Finally, biomethane is compared with natural gas, and the result showed that 48.15% of the practical biomethane potential can meet the total Chinese natural gas consumption in 2013.

Natural gas density under extremely high pressure and high temperature: Comparison of molecular dynamics simulation with corresponding state model

This work applied molecular dynamics(MD)simulation to calculate densities of natural gas mixtures at extremely high pressure(>138 MPa)and high temperature(>200℃)conditions(x HPHT)to bridge the knowledge and technical gaps between experiments and classical theories.The experimental data are scarce at these conditions which are also out of assumptions for classical predictive correlations,such as the Dranchuk&Abou-Kassem(DAK)equation of state(EOS).Force fields of natural gas components were carefully chosen from literatures and the simulation results are validated with experimental data.The largest relative error is 2.67%for pure hydrocarbons,2.99%for C1/C3 mixture,7.85%for C1/C4 mixture,and 8.47%for pure H2S.These satisfactory predictions demonstrate that the MD simulation approach is reliable to predict natural-and acid-gases thermodynamic properties.The validated model is further used to generate data for the study of the EOS with pressure up to 276 MPa and temperature up to 573 K.Our results also reveal that the Dranchuk&Abou-Kassem(DAK)EOS is capable of predicting natural gas compressibility to a satisfactory accuracy at x HPHT conditions,which extends the confidence range of the DAK EOS.

Interfacial potassium induced enhanced Raman spectroscopy for single-crystal TiO2 nanowhisker

Structural control and element doping are two popular strategies to produce semiconductors with surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy(SERS)properties.For TiO2 based SERS substrates,maintaining a good crystallinity is critical to achieve excellent Raman scattering.At elevated temperatures(N600°C),the phase transition from anatase to rutile TiO2 could result in a poor SERS performance.In this work,we report the successful synthesis of TiO2 nanowhiskers with excellent SERS properties.The enhancement factor,an index of SERS performance,is 4.96×106 for methylene blue molecule detecting,with a detection sensitivity around 10-7 mol·L-1.Characterizations,such as XRD,Raman,TEM,UV–vis and Zeta potential measurement,have been performed to decrypt structural and chemical characteristics of the newly synthesized TiO2 nanowhiskers.The photo absorption onset of MB adsorbed TiO2 nanowhiskers was similar to that of bare TiO2 nanowhiskers.In addition,no new band was observed from the UV–vis of MB modified TiO2 nanowhiskers.Both results suggest that the high enhancement factor cannot be explained by the charge-transfer mechanism.With the support of ab initio density functional theory calculations,we reveal that interfacial potassium is critical to maintain thermal stability of the anatase phase up to 900°C.In addition,the deposition of potassium results in a negatively charged TiO2 nanowhisker surface,which favors specific adsorption of methylene blue molecules and significantly improves SERS performance via the electrostatic adsorption effect.

Microhabitat Use and Population Structure of a Chinese Kissing Loach, <i>Leptobotia tchangi</i>, in the North Tiaoxi River, China

Fundamental ecological information on the Chinese kissing loach (Leptobotia tchangi) was collected in the North Tiaoxi River, China, in September 2010. The length-frequency distribution calculated using FiSAT software showed the population structure of this kissing loach could be classified into four age groups suggesting that the life span of the loach should be 3 - 4 years. A stepwise multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the density of this kissing loach was significantly and positively correlated with water velocity, while the body size was significantly and positively correlated with river bed pebble size. It suggested that water velocity and variation of pebble size play important roles in the full life history of this kissing loach. Thus, maintenance of the rapid current and variety of substrate are essential for the conservation of this species under the present conditions in the river, which also can support river restoration being in harmony with survival of this kissing loach.

Surface-Driven High-Pressure Processing

许多化学过程都要在高压下进行,因为高压状态能提高产率,加快化学反应的速率,在分离过程中提高溶剂的溶解率,并通过增加分子能量和分子碰撞率来克服活化作用的障碍。在实验室中可以通过使用金刚石砧室使压力达到数百万巴(1 bar=1×10~5Pa),因此为利用热力学、输运和电子性质来进行化学合成以及新材料的合成提供了新的途径。然而,在工业规模上,高压工艺目前正受到成本压缩和材料有限的约束,因此很少有工业过程能够在压力超过25 MPa的情况下进行。本文提出了一种高压工艺的替代方法,即利用来自固体底物的表面驱动的相互作用产生极高的局部压力。近期的实验和分子模拟表明,这种相互作用可以产生高达数万巴的局部压力,在某些情况下甚至可以达到数百万巴。由于活跃的高压区域分布不均匀,压力在不同方向上存在差异。在许多情况下,增大最多的是平行于底物表面的压力(切向压力)。这种压力是施加在要加工的分子上的,而不是施加在固体底物或容器上。本文综述了现阶段对这种增压的认识,并讨论了一种基于表面驱动力的可行方法来达到高压处理的效果。与传统的整体相位工艺相比,这种表面驱动高压工艺能达到更高的压力,因为它不需要机械压缩。此外,处理过程中没有对容器施加更大的压力,因此不用担心材料受损。

后鞘后单孔腹腔镜腹股沟疝修补术中完全可视化建腔技术的应用

目的:总结完全可视化建腔技术应用于后鞘后入路单孔腹腔镜腹股沟疝完全腹膜外修补术(single incision laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal hernia repair,SIL-TEP)的初步经验和操作要点。方法:回顾性分析2023年1月至2023年4月施行的30例经脐后鞘后入路SIL-TEP患者的临床资料。结果:术中建腔时发生腹膜破损1例(3.3%),术中出血量(9.50±2.40) ml。手术时间单侧平均(61.04±15.11) min,双侧平均(80.83±16.25) min。切皮到装置置入时间平均(120.77±17.16)s,进入鞘后空间时间平均(249.67±66.71)s。术后24 h疼痛视觉模拟评分平均(2.57±0.73)分,48 h平均(1.97±0.56)分。术后脐部切口感染1例(3.3%),尿潴留1例(3.3%),血清肿3例(10%),皮下瘀血1例(3.3%),术后随访均未发现慢性疼痛、补片感染及疝复发。结论:完全可视化建腔技术视野清晰,解剖层次明确,腹膜破损率低,有效降低手术难度,可常规应用于后鞘后SIL-TEP。

OS1 functions in the allocation of nutrients between the endosperm and embryo in maize seeds

Uncovering the genetic basis of seed develop-ment will provide useful tools for improving both crop yield and nutritional value, However, the genetic regulatory networks of maize (Zea mays) seed development remain largely unknown. The maize opaque endosperm and small germ 1 (osl) mutant has opaque endosperm and a small embryo,Here, we cloned OSi1 and show that it encodes a putative transcription factor containing an RWP-RK domain-Transcriptional analysis indicated that OSi1 expression is elevated in early endosperm development, especially in the basal endosperm transfer layer (BETL), conducting zone (CZ), and central starch endospcrm (CSE) cells. RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis of the osi mutant revealed sharp downregulation of certain genes in specific cell types, including ZmMRP-1 and Megl in BETL cells and a majority of zein-and starch-related genes in CSE cells. Using a haploid induction system, we show that wild-type endosperm could rescue the smaller size of osi embryo, which suggests that nutrients are allocated by tho wild type endosperm. Therefore, our dsta imply that the network regulated by 051 accomplishes a key step in nutrient allocation between endosperm and embryo within maize seeds. Identification of this network will help uncover the mechanisms regulating the nutritional balance between endosperm and embryo.

Late Early-Cretaceous Magma Mixing in the Langqi Island, Fujian Province, China: Evidences from Petrology, Geochemistry and Zircon Geochronology

The mafic enclaves from Mesozoic intermediate-acid magmatic rocks,widely developed along Fujian coast,are considered to be the results of large-scale crust-mantle interaction and magma mixing.In this paper,petrography,mineralogy,and geochemistry of granites and mafic microgranular enclaves(MMEs)in Langqi Island are studied to provide new information for tracing crust-mantle interaction.The zircon U-Pb dating results show that the Langqi rocks were formed at^101 Ma,which are metaluminous,enriched in silica and high-K calc-alkaline I-type granites.The enclaves have a typical magmatic structure,which is characterized by magma mixing between high-temperature basic magma and low-temperature acidic magma through injecting.The enclaves and host granites show a tendency to mixed major and trace elements,displaying a clear-cut contact relationship,which is indicative of coeval magmatism.The genesis of Langqi rocks is related to the extensional setting caused by the subduction of Paleo-Pacific Plate,and they are the results of mixing of subduction-related metasomatized mantle-derived mafic and induced crustal-melted granitic magma originating from partial melting of the crustal material.

Improved sprinkler irrigation layouts for smallholders

Pressurized irrigation systems are economically justifiable for medium-to large-scale farms,while fewer choices are available for smallholders.The current research work provides additional options for small plots,as the only income source for low-income farmers in poorer countries,which produce a considerable portion of the agricultural products in some regions of the world.In this research,two novel layouts of a semipermanent sprinkler irrigation system,namely,clock hand(CH)and corner pivot(CP)lateral designs,were designed for a lighter irrigation system to lower the cost requirement.The new techniques were based on a quadrant/full circle movement pattern of manually pivoting laterals,with no/shorter main pipe requirements,which causes a higher system efficiency.These retrofitted layouts were examined in different farms with areas of 0.20 hm^(2),0.81 hm^(2),1.62 hm^(2),and 3.24 hm^(2) in Guangxi,China.This study introduced,analyzed,and compared the layouts with the widespread traditional split lateral method on technical planning,components,implementation,operation details,size optimization,performance evaluation,and economic advantages.In comparison with the traditional system,CH and CP were found to be more user-friendly and cost-effective but slightly complicated in design with higher required manual work.The results revealed a distribution uniformity(LQDU)of 81.0%to 84.0%via the catch can method,lower capital costs(35.0%-45.0%),and lower annual expenses(6.5%-9.8%)for CP and CH,respectively,compared to the split lateral method.The 0.81 hm^(2) and 1.62 hm^(2) farms were found to be the optimum farm sizes for implementation of the new methods for a 25-year project time horizon.The outcomes of this experimental work can encourage small farm owners with limited capital to apply pressurized systems for efficient irrigation and water resource sustainability.