目的探讨以典型临床病例为基础(problem-originated clinical medical curriculum,PCMC)联合以问题为基础的学习(problem-based learning,PBL)教学在妇科肿瘤科临床实习教学中的应用效果。方法将在哈尔滨医科大学附属肿瘤医院妇科实习...目的探讨以典型临床病例为基础(problem-originated clinical medical curriculum,PCMC)联合以问题为基础的学习(problem-based learning,PBL)教学在妇科肿瘤科临床实习教学中的应用效果。方法将在哈尔滨医科大学附属肿瘤医院妇科实习的50名本科医学生随机分为试验组和对照组,每组25名学生。试验组采用PCMC联合PBL教学,对照组采用传统教学。以学生的出科考试成绩、教学满意度、教学效果评分作为测评指标。采用SPSS 22.0进行t检验和卡方检验。结果试验组和对照组出科考试理论成绩分别为(97.840±1.930)分和(93.920±2.798)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);试验组和对照组出科考试实践操作成绩分别为(96.840±1.930)分和(91.920±2.798)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);试验组和对照组教学满意度分别为100%(25/25)和76%(19/25),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);试验组教学效果评分(在学习兴趣、临床操作能力、理论知识掌握水平、理论和实践结合能力等)均高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论在妇科肿瘤科临床教学中,PCMC联合PBL教学效果显著,可以促进医学生的全面发展。展开更多
Biodiversity has become a terminology familiar to virtually every citizen in modern societies.It is said that ecology studies the economy of nature,and economy studies the ecology of humans;then measuring biodiversity...Biodiversity has become a terminology familiar to virtually every citizen in modern societies.It is said that ecology studies the economy of nature,and economy studies the ecology of humans;then measuring biodiversity should be similar with measuring national wealth.Indeed,there have been many parallels between ecology and economics,actually beyond analogies.For example,arguably the second most widely used biodiversity metric,Simpson(1949)’s diversity index,is a function of familiar Gini-index in economics.One of the biggest challenges has been the high“diversity”of diversity indexes due to their excessive“speciation”-there are so many indexes,similar to each country’s sovereign currency-leaving confused diversity practitioners in dilemma.In 1973,Hill introduced the concept of“numbers equivalent”,which is based on Renyi entropy and originated in economics,but possibly due to his abstruse interpretation of the concept,his message was not widely received by ecologists until nearly four decades later.What Hill suggested was similar to link the US dollar to gold at the rate of$35 per ounce under the Bretton Woods system.The Hill numbers now are considered most appropriate biodiversity metrics system,unifying Shannon,Simpson and other diversity indexes.Here,we approach to another paradigmatic shift-measuring biodiversity on ecological networks-demonstrated with animal gastrointestinal microbiomes representing four major invertebrate classes and all six vertebrate classes.The network diversity can reveal the diversity of species interactions,which is a necessary step for understanding the spatial and temporal structures and dynamics of biodiversity across environmental gradients.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31970116,72274192)。
文摘Biodiversity has become a terminology familiar to virtually every citizen in modern societies.It is said that ecology studies the economy of nature,and economy studies the ecology of humans;then measuring biodiversity should be similar with measuring national wealth.Indeed,there have been many parallels between ecology and economics,actually beyond analogies.For example,arguably the second most widely used biodiversity metric,Simpson(1949)’s diversity index,is a function of familiar Gini-index in economics.One of the biggest challenges has been the high“diversity”of diversity indexes due to their excessive“speciation”-there are so many indexes,similar to each country’s sovereign currency-leaving confused diversity practitioners in dilemma.In 1973,Hill introduced the concept of“numbers equivalent”,which is based on Renyi entropy and originated in economics,but possibly due to his abstruse interpretation of the concept,his message was not widely received by ecologists until nearly four decades later.What Hill suggested was similar to link the US dollar to gold at the rate of$35 per ounce under the Bretton Woods system.The Hill numbers now are considered most appropriate biodiversity metrics system,unifying Shannon,Simpson and other diversity indexes.Here,we approach to another paradigmatic shift-measuring biodiversity on ecological networks-demonstrated with animal gastrointestinal microbiomes representing four major invertebrate classes and all six vertebrate classes.The network diversity can reveal the diversity of species interactions,which is a necessary step for understanding the spatial and temporal structures and dynamics of biodiversity across environmental gradients.
