Semi-interpenetrating-network all-solid-state polymer electrolyte with liquid crystal constructing efficient ion transport channels for flexible solid lithium-metal batteries

The development of the solid-state polymer electrolytes (SPEs) for Li-ion batteries (LIBs) can effectively address the hidden safety issues of commercially used liquid electrolytes.Nevertheless,the unsatisfactory room temperature ion conductivity and inferior mechanical strength for linear PEO-based SPEs are still the immense obstacles impeding the further applications of SPEs for large-scale commercialization.Herein,we fabricate a series of semi-interpenetrating-network (semi-IPN) polymer electrolytes based on a novel liquid crystal (C6M LC) and poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether (PEGDE) via UV-irradiation at the first time.The LCs not only highly improve the mechanical properties of electrolyte membranes via the construction of network structure with PEGDE,but also create stable ion transport channels for ion conduction.As a result,a free-standing flexible SPE shows outstanding ionic conductivity(5.93×10^(-5) S cm^(-1) at 30℃),a very wide electrochemical stability window of 5.5 V,and excellent thermal stability at thermal decomposition temperatures above 360℃ as well as the capacity of suppressing lithium dendrite growth.Moreover,the LiFePO_(4)/Li battery assembled with the semi-IPN electrolyte membranes exhibits good cycle performance and admirable reversible specific capacity.This work highlights the obvious advantages of LCs applied to the electrolyte for the advanced solid lithium battery.

Baseline Characteristics and Treatment Patterns of the Patients Recruited to the China Registry of Hepatitis B

Background and Aims: Chronic hepatitis B virus(HBV)in-fection remains a major public health problem globally.Here,we describe the baseline characteristics and treatment pro-files of HBV-infected patients recruited to the China Registry of Hepatitis B.Methods: Inclusion criteria were patients with different stages of chronic HBV infection and complete key data.Exclusion criteria were patients with hepatocellular car-cinoma.The baseline clinical,laboratory and treatment pro-files were analyzed.Results: Finally,40,431 patients were included.The median age was 43 years,with 65.2%being men and 51.3%being positive for hepatitis B e antigen(HBeAg).The most common initial diagnosis was chronic hep-atitis B(81.0%),followed by cirrhosis(9.3%),inactive carrier of hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)(6.7%),and immune tolerant phase of hepatitis B infection(3.0%).Among the 21,228 patients who were on treatment,88.0%,10.0%and 2.0%received nucleos(t)ide analogues(NAs),interferon or combination of NAs and interferon,respectively.The propor-tion of patients who received preferred NAs(entecavir or te-nofovir disoproxil fumarate)had increased from 13.5%in 2003 to 79.7%in 2016.Conclusions: We concluded that middle-aged men accounted for most of the patients with chronic hepatitis B in this cross-sectional study.About half of the patients were HBeAg-positive.NAs were the most com-monly used therapy,and use of the preferred NAs had steadily increased in the past decade.

Management Algorithm for Prevention of Mother-to-child Transmission of Hepatitis B Virus(2022)

The World Health Organization(WHO)has set the goal of eliminating hepatitis as a threat to public health by 2030.Blocking mother-to-child transmission(MTCT)of hepatitis B virus(HBV)is not only the key to eliminating viral hepatitis,but also a hot issue in the field of hepatitis B prevention and treatment.To standardize the clinical management of preventing MTCT of HBV and achieve zero HBV infection among infants,the Chinese Foundation for Hepatitis Prevention and Control organized experts to compile a management algorithm for prevention of MTCT of HBV based on the latest research progress and guidelines,including 10 steps of pregnancy management and postpartum follow-up,among which screening,antiviral treatment,and infant immunization are its core components.

Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B and advanced fibrosis or compensated cirrhosis

Background and aims:Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate(TDF)is the first-line therapy for chronic hepatitis B.This interim analysis presents the efficacy and safety data for TDF at Week 144 in patients with chronic hepatitis B and advanced fibrosis or compensated cirrhosis from China.Methods:Patients were assessed for incidence of newly diagnosed hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)and disease progression,liver stiffness measurement(LSM),virological suppression(serum hepatitis B virus DNA<20 IU/mL),alanine aminotransferase normalization,hepatitis B e antigen(HBeAg)loss and seroconversion,histological liver fibrosis score,and safety at Week 144.Results:Overall,197 patients were enrolled.At Week 144,the incidence of newly diagnosed HCC was observed in 2.1%patients,and the incidence of disease progression was observed in 3.6%patients.The mean(standard deviation)change in LSM from baseline was
5.1(5.85)kPa.Serum hepatitis B virus DNA<20 IU/mL was observed in 94.1%patients,alanine aminotransferase normalization in 33.5%patients,HBeAg loss in 35.6%patients,and HBeAg seroconversion in 14.4%patients.Among patients with stage F3 or F4 fibrosis at baseline by LSM,38.3%patients regressed to stage F0/1,and 22.0%of patients regressed to stage F2 at Week 144.Overall,67.7%patients experienced≥1 adverse events,13.8%patients experienced TDF-related adverse events,and 16.4%patients experienced serious(none were TDF-related).Conclusions:At Week 144 of TDF treatment,low incidence of HCC and disease progression were reported.Virological suppression was observed in 94.1%patients,which was associated with fibrosis regression.No new safety events were identified.

Enhancing Li-ion conduction and mechanical properties via addition of fluorine-containing metal–organic frameworks in allsolid-state cross-linked hyperbranched polymer electrolytes

Poly(ethylene oxide)(PEO)-based solid polymer electrolytes(SPEs)are commonly used in lithium metal batteries(LMBs)for their good Li-salt solvating ability and easy processability.However,the relatively low Li-ion conduction ability hinders their further development.In this work,a novel hyperbranched-polyether-type composite solid polymer electrolyte(CSPE)is prepared via a quick cross-linking reaction between aldehyde-terminated polyethylene glycol(PEG)and hyperbranched poly(ethylene imine)(HPEI)in the presence of lithium salt and fluorine-containing Zr-based metal–organic framework(MOF)UiO-66-(F)_(4).The hydrogen bonds between the fluorine atoms and amino groups in the electrolyte help to the better dispersion of UiO-66-(F)_(4) in the polymer matrix,which is beneficial to solving the problem of aggregation of nanofillers.Besides,the CSPEs with the functional MOF fillers show improvements in both electrochemical and mechanical properties.Notably,the Li-ion transference number(t)is considerably enhanced from 0.23 to 0.54.All-solid-state LMBs based on the CSPE also present good cycling performances.A high specific discharge capacity of 141.4 mAh·g^(−1) is remained after 200 cycles at 0.2 C.This study not only provides an effective synthesis method of the cross-linked hyperbranched polymer electrolyte,but also puts forward a new strategy for uniform dispersion of inorganic fillers in CSPEs.