Understanding how natural selection shapes unique traits in mammals is a central topic in evolutionary biology.The mammalian order Chiroptera(bats)is attractive for biologists as well as the general public due to thei...Understanding how natural selection shapes unique traits in mammals is a central topic in evolutionary biology.The mammalian order Chiroptera(bats)is attractive for biologists as well as the general public due to their specific traits of extraordinary immunity and inverted resting posture.However,genomic resources for bats that occupy key phylogenetic positions are not sufficient,which hinders comprehensive investigation of the molecular mechanisms underpinning the origin of specific traits in bats.Here,we sequenced the transcriptomes of 5 bats that are phylo-genetically divergent and occupy key positions in the phylogenetic tree of bats.In combination with the available genomes of 19 bats and 21 other mammals,we built a database consisting of 10918 one-to-one ortholog genes and reconstructed phylogenetic relationships of these mammals.We found that genes related to immunity,bone remodeling,and cardiovascular system are targets of natural selection along the ancestral branch of bats.Further analyses revealed that the T cell receptor signaling pathway involved in immune adaptation is specifically enriched in bats.Moreover,molecular adaptations of bone remodeling,cardiovascular system,and balance sensing may help to explain the reverted resting posture in bats.Our study provides valuable transcriptome resources,enabling us to tentatively identify genetic changes associated with bat-specific traits.This work is among thefirst to advance our understanding of the molecular underpinnings of inverted resting posture in bats,which could provide insight into healthcare applications such as hypertension in humans.展开更多
Coronavirus(CoV)spillover originating from game animals,particularly pangolins,is currently a significant concern.Meanwhile,vigilance is urgently needed for coronaviruses carried by bats,which are known as natural res...Coronavirus(CoV)spillover originating from game animals,particularly pangolins,is currently a significant concern.Meanwhile,vigilance is urgently needed for coronaviruses carried by bats,which are known as natural reservoirs of many coronaviruses.In this study,we collected 729 anal swabs of 20 different bat species from nine locations in Yunnan and Guangdong provinces,southern China,in 2016 and 2017,and described the molecular characteristics and genetic diversity of alphacoronaviruses(αCoVs)and betacoronaviruses(βCoVs)found in these bats.Using RT-PCR,we identified 58(8.0%)bat CoVs in nine bat species from six locations.Furthermore,using the Illumina platform,we obtained two representative full-length genomes of the bat CoVs,namely TyRo-CoV-162275 and TyRo-CoV-162269.Sequence analysis showed that TyRo-CoV-162275 shared the highest identity with Malayan pangolin(Manis javanica)HKU4-related coronaviruses(MjHKU4r-CoVs)from Guangxi Province,whereas TyRo-CoV-162269 was closely related to HKU33-CoV discovered in a greater bamboo bat(Tylonycteris robustula)from Guizhou Province.Notably,TyRo-CoV-162275 has a putative furin protease cleavage site in its S protein and is likely to utilize human dipeptidyl peptidase-4(hDPP4)as a cell-entry receptor,similar to MERSCoV.To the best of our knowledge,this is the first report of a bat HKU4r-CoV strain containing a furin protease cleavage site.These findings expand our understanding of coronavirus geographic and host distributions.展开更多
Bats carry a variety of viruses, and some of them cause public health problems. Macao, which is famous for its gambling industry, has a complex population structure. The globalization in such an international metropol...Bats carry a variety of viruses, and some of them cause public health problems. Macao, which is famous for its gambling industry, has a complex population structure. The globalization in such an international metropolis has enhanced the chance of disease transmission. Therefore, surveillance of zoonotic viruses is necessary for the early warning of potential emerging infectious diseases.Here, we report the first surveillance of bat viruses in Macao. In this study, we collected 1004 samples involving 10 bat species from 7 sites from April 2015 to May 2016, and examined the presence of viruses using nucleic acid-based methods. Coronaviruses, adenoviruses and paramyxoviruses were detected in these samples, with a high prevalence of coronaviruses. While,none was positive for hepatitis A virus, hepatitis E virus or hantavirus. Co-infections are not common in those bat species, but coronavirus HKU6 and adenovirus can be found commonly occurred in Myotis ricketti.展开更多
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31722051)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFF0702004)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2042021kf0217)to H.Z.
文摘Understanding how natural selection shapes unique traits in mammals is a central topic in evolutionary biology.The mammalian order Chiroptera(bats)is attractive for biologists as well as the general public due to their specific traits of extraordinary immunity and inverted resting posture.However,genomic resources for bats that occupy key phylogenetic positions are not sufficient,which hinders comprehensive investigation of the molecular mechanisms underpinning the origin of specific traits in bats.Here,we sequenced the transcriptomes of 5 bats that are phylo-genetically divergent and occupy key positions in the phylogenetic tree of bats.In combination with the available genomes of 19 bats and 21 other mammals,we built a database consisting of 10918 one-to-one ortholog genes and reconstructed phylogenetic relationships of these mammals.We found that genes related to immunity,bone remodeling,and cardiovascular system are targets of natural selection along the ancestral branch of bats.Further analyses revealed that the T cell receptor signaling pathway involved in immune adaptation is specifically enriched in bats.Moreover,molecular adaptations of bone remodeling,cardiovascular system,and balance sensing may help to explain the reverted resting posture in bats.Our study provides valuable transcriptome resources,enabling us to tentatively identify genetic changes associated with bat-specific traits.This work is among thefirst to advance our understanding of the molecular underpinnings of inverted resting posture in bats,which could provide insight into healthcare applications such as hypertension in humans.
基金the Special Foundation for the National Science and Technology Basic Research Program of China(2021FY100303)the Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Program(2021B1212050021,2021B1212110003)+1 种基金the GDAS Special Project of Science and Technology Development(2021GDASYL-20210103052)the Young Top-notch Talent Cultivation Program of Hubei Province and the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)(2019328).
文摘Coronavirus(CoV)spillover originating from game animals,particularly pangolins,is currently a significant concern.Meanwhile,vigilance is urgently needed for coronaviruses carried by bats,which are known as natural reservoirs of many coronaviruses.In this study,we collected 729 anal swabs of 20 different bat species from nine locations in Yunnan and Guangdong provinces,southern China,in 2016 and 2017,and described the molecular characteristics and genetic diversity of alphacoronaviruses(αCoVs)and betacoronaviruses(βCoVs)found in these bats.Using RT-PCR,we identified 58(8.0%)bat CoVs in nine bat species from six locations.Furthermore,using the Illumina platform,we obtained two representative full-length genomes of the bat CoVs,namely TyRo-CoV-162275 and TyRo-CoV-162269.Sequence analysis showed that TyRo-CoV-162275 shared the highest identity with Malayan pangolin(Manis javanica)HKU4-related coronaviruses(MjHKU4r-CoVs)from Guangxi Province,whereas TyRo-CoV-162269 was closely related to HKU33-CoV discovered in a greater bamboo bat(Tylonycteris robustula)from Guizhou Province.Notably,TyRo-CoV-162275 has a putative furin protease cleavage site in its S protein and is likely to utilize human dipeptidyl peptidase-4(hDPP4)as a cell-entry receptor,similar to MERSCoV.To the best of our knowledge,this is the first report of a bat HKU4r-CoV strain containing a furin protease cleavage site.These findings expand our understanding of coronavirus geographic and host distributions.
基金financed by the Environment Construction & Capacity Building of GDAS’Research Platform(2016GDASPT-0215)the Science & Technology Planning Project of Guangdong(2013B050800024 and 2015A020209093)Science & Technology Planning Project of Guangzhou(201707010128)
文摘Bats carry a variety of viruses, and some of them cause public health problems. Macao, which is famous for its gambling industry, has a complex population structure. The globalization in such an international metropolis has enhanced the chance of disease transmission. Therefore, surveillance of zoonotic viruses is necessary for the early warning of potential emerging infectious diseases.Here, we report the first surveillance of bat viruses in Macao. In this study, we collected 1004 samples involving 10 bat species from 7 sites from April 2015 to May 2016, and examined the presence of viruses using nucleic acid-based methods. Coronaviruses, adenoviruses and paramyxoviruses were detected in these samples, with a high prevalence of coronaviruses. While,none was positive for hepatitis A virus, hepatitis E virus or hantavirus. Co-infections are not common in those bat species, but coronavirus HKU6 and adenovirus can be found commonly occurred in Myotis ricketti.
