HvWRKY2 acts as an immunity suppressor and targets HvCEBiP to regulate powdery mildew resistance in barley

Plants use a sophisticated immune system to perceive pathogen infection and activate immune responses in a tightly controlled manner.In barley,Hv WRKY2 acts as a repressor in barley disease resistance to the powdery mildew fungus,Blumeria graminis f.sp.hordei(Bgh).However,the molecular features of Hv WRKY2 in its DNA-binding and repressor functions,as well as its target genes,are uncharacterized.We show that the W-box binding of Hv WRKY2 requires an intact WRKY domain and an upstream sequence of~75 amino acids,and the Hv WRKY2 W-box binding activity is linked to its repressor function in disease resistance.Chromatin immunoprecipitation(ChIP)-seq analysis identified HvCEBiP,a putative chitin receptor gene,as a target gene of Hv WRKY2 in overexpressing transgenic barley plants.ChIP-qPCR and Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay(EMSA)verified the direct binding of Hv WRKY2 to a W-boxcontaining sequence in the HvCEBiP promoter.Hv CEBiP positively regulates resistance against Bgh in barley.Our findings suggest that Hv WRKY2 represses barley basal immunity by directly targeting pathogen-associated molecular pattern(PAMP)recognition receptor genes,suggesting that Hv CEBiP and likely chitin signaling function in barley PAMP-triggered immune responses to Bgh infection.

Effect of SPM Scanning Range on the Micromorphology Parameters

The surface of a compact disk is analyzed by using SPM and the quantitative micromorphology analysissoftware SPMIAS developed by the author. Images at the same position but with different scanning ranges areobtained under the same experimental conditions. Micromorphology parameters are calculated and compared, andthe relationship between the changing of the scanning range and the changing of micromorphology parameters issummarized.

Pt/Mo chalcogenide composite deriving from Pt-Mo_(6)S_8 by high temperature shock for enhanced HER performance

Highly efficient catalysts for electrolysis of water are crucial to the development of hydrogen energy which is helpful to carbon neutralization.Recently,high temperature shock(HTS),with advantage of rapid speed,universality and scalable production,has been a promising method in synthesis of nanomaterials.In this paper,HST was used to treat low Pt loading Mo_(6)S_(8)for enhanced water splitting performance.Impressively,the optimized MoS_(2)/MoO_(2)/Mo_(6)S_(8)nano-composite with low Pt mass loading(~4%)displays well hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)electrochemical performance.The overpotential is 124 mV to reach 10 mA/cm^(2)and the corresponding Tafel slope is 88 mV/dec in acidic electrolyte.Its mass activity is 6.2 mA/μg_(Pt)at-124 mV vs.RHE,which is almost 2 times relative to 20%Pt/C.Moreover,it presents distinguished stability even after 2000 cycles.This work will broaden the way of catalysts preparation and the application of hydrogen evolution.

Recent progress on lanthanide complexes/clay minerals hybrid luminescent materials

The unique luminescent performance of lanthanide complexes/clay minerals hybrid materials has been fascinating many researchers for recent decades.It not only retains the excellent luminescent characteristics of lanthanide complexes but also improves the poor stability of the complexes.In this article,we introduce the luminescence mechanism of lanthanide complexes and point out the necessity of their combination with clay minerals.After the analysis of the structure and interlayer environment differences of 1:1-type and 2:1-type clay minerals,the intercalation methods(covalent grafting and ion exchange)appropriate for different clay minerals are summarized with examples.Based on the luminescence characteristics of the hybrid materials,the applications of these materials as luminescent probes in recognition of specific metal cations and molecules,detection of pH value,and temperature are reviewed.Finally,the current problems in the preparation of lanthanide complexes/clay minerals hybrid luminescent materials and shortcomings that need improvement in their performance are analyzed,and the application prospect is forecast.

A novel blue-purple Ce^(3+) doped whitlockite phosphor:Synthesis,crystal structure,and photoluminescence properties

At present,the rare earth(RE) ions doped phosphors have attracted more and more attention because of their excellent properties.In this paper,a series of novel blue-purple β-Ca_(3)(PO_(4))_(2):Ce^(3+) phosphors were synthesized by a high temperature solid phase method.The X-ray diffraction(XRD),infrared spectrum,energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),photoluminescence excitation and emission spectra were used to investigate the crystal structure,composition and the luminescent properties of the resulting samples.The phosphor shows a strong absorption in the ultraviolet band.Under the excitation of 269 nm,the phosphor emits a strong purple fluorescence ranging from 360 to 520 nm.When Ce^(3+) doping content is 0.07 mol,the strongest luminescence intensity is reached,and the concentration quenching mechanism is dipole-dipole(d-d)interaction for Ce^(3+) based on Dexter theory.

Slr0151 in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 is required for efficient repair of photosystem Ⅱ under high-light condition

Cyanobacteria are ancient photosynthetic prokareyotes that have adapted successfully to adverse environments including high-light irradiation. Although it is known that the repair of photodamaged photosystem Ⅱ（PSⅡ） in the organisms is a highly regulated process, our knowledge of the molecular components that regulate each step of the process is limited.We have previously identified a hypothetical protein Slr0151 in the membrane fractions of cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp.PCC 6803. Here, we report that Slr0151 is involved in PSⅡ repair of the organism. We generated a mutant strain（Dslr0151）lacking the protein Slr0151 and analyzed its characteristics under normal and high-light conditions. Targeted deletion of slr0151 resulted in decreased PSⅡ activity in Synechocystis. Moreover,the mutant exhibited increased photoinhibition due to impairment of PSⅡ repair under high-light condition. Further analysis using in vivo radioactive labeling and 2-D blue native/sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicated that the PSⅡ repair cycle was hindered at the levels of D1 synthesis and disassembly and/or assembly of PSⅡ in the mutant. Protein interaction assays demonstrated that Slr0151 interacts with D1 and CP43 proteins. Taken together,these results indicate that Slr0151 plays an important role in regulating PSⅡ repair in the organism under high-light stress condition.

Crystal structure refinement of suolunite and its significance to the cement techniques

Based on the crystal structure refinement, the arrangement and characteristics of the double tetrahedra of Si-O backbone of suolunite have been precisely clarified. The double tetrahedra are isolated, and the orientations of the closely adjacent double tetrahedra are perpendicular to each other, which results in the poor cleavage and high hardness of suolunite. Com-

Influence of dysprosium concentration on sensitivity of luminescent thermometers of phosphors Ca_(9)Tb(PO_(4))_(5)(SiO_(4))F_(2)

Tb^(3+),Dy^(3+)-co-doped Ca_(9)Tb_(x)Dy_(1-x)(PO_(4))_(5)(SiO_(4))F_(2) phosphors were prepared via high-temperature solidphase reaction method and the potential application in optical temperature measurements due to their color-tunable property was investigated in detail.The photoluminescence emission(PL) and photoluminescence excitation(PLE) spectra results show that the as-prepared phosphors exhibit both Tb^(3+) and Dy^(3+) emissions at 546 nm(^(5)D_(4)-^(7)F_(5) transition of Tb^(3+)) and 587 nm(^(4)F_(9/2)-^(6)H_(13/2) transition of Dy^(3+)) upon 376 nm excitation,respectively.In addition,the fluorescence decay analysis shows that the lifetime of the Tb3+emission rapidly decreases,which confirms the energy transfer existence between Dy^(3+) and Tb^(3+).Under 376 nm excitation,the temperature dependence of the fluorescence intensity ratios for the dualmission bands peaked at 546 and 587 nm was studied in the temperature range from 303 to 573 K.The results show that with the increase of Dy^(3+) concentration,the relative sensitivity first increases and then decreases,what’s more,the maximum relative sensitivity is 3.142×10^(-3)%/K for Ca_(9)Tb_(x)Dy_(1-x)(PO_(4))_(5)(SiO_(4))F_(2)(x=0.4).As a consequence,this preliminary study provides a novel method for exploring the novel thermo meters.