Inter-correlation between Sunspot Oscillations and Their Internal Structures

Three-and five-minute oscillations are commonly observed in any sunspot.Because they are modulated by the internal thermal and magnetic structures of a sunspot,they could be used as an effective tool for researching sunspot seismology.In this paper,we investigate the properties of oscillations in sunspot groups with varying sizes and magnetic fields,and aim to establish the relationships between sunspot oscillations and its internal structure comparatively.We selected three groups of the unipolar sunspot with approximately axial-symmetric magnetic field and calculated their Fourier spectra based on the ultraviolet/extreme ultraviolet emission intensity variations recorded by the Solar Dynamics Observatory/Atmospheric Imaging Assembly.We found that the distribution of three-minute oscillation is defined by the joint effect of diverging magnetic field and the stratification of the sunspot atmosphere.Its distribution could be modified by any invading magnetic structures in the umbra.In contrast,the five-minute oscillations are more prominent in small spots,implying that five-minute oscillation is very closely connected with umbral dynamics.

Ultra-high strength yet superplasticity in a hetero-grain-sized nanocrystalline Au nanowire

Nanocrystalline metals often display a high strength up to the gigapascal level,yet they suffer from poor plasticity.Previous studies have shown that the development of hetero-sized grains can efficiently overcome the strength-ductility trade-off of nanocrystalline metals.However,whether this strategy can lead to the fabrication of nanocrystalline nanowires exhibiting both high strength and superplasticity is unclear,similar to the atomistic deformation mechanism.In this paper,we show that ultra-small nanocrystalline Au nanowires comprising grains in both the Hall–Petch and inverse Hall–Petch grain-size regions can exhibit extremely high uniform elongation(236%)and high strength(2.34 gigapascals)at room temperature.In situ atomic-scale observations revealed that the plastic deformation underwent two stages.In the first stage,the super-elongation ability originated from the intergrain plasticity of small grains via mechanisms such as grain boundary migration and grain rotation.This intergrain plasticity caused the grains in the heterogeneous-structured nanowires to grow very large.In the second stage,the superelongation ability originated from intragrain plasticity accompanied by the diffusion of surface atoms.Our results show that the hetero-grain-sized nanocrystalline nanowires,comprising grains with sizes both in the strongest Hall–Petch effect region and the inverse Hall–Petch effect region,were simultaneously ultrastrong and ductile.They displayed neither a strength-ductility trade-off nor plastic instability.

In situ atomistic mechanisms of detwinning in nanocrystalline AuAg alloy

Detwinning is an important plastic deformation mechanism that can significantly affect the mechanical properties of twin-structured metals.Although many detwinning mechanisms have been proposed for pure metals,it is unclear whether such a deformation model is valid for nanocrystalline alloys because of the lack of direct evidence.Here,the atomicscale detwinning deformation process of a nanocrystalline AuAg alloy with an average grain size of~15 nm was investigated in situ.The results show that there are three types of detwinning mechanisms in nanocrystalline AuAg alloys.The first type of detwinning results from grain boundary migration.The second type of detwinning occurs through combined layer-by-layer thinning and incoherent twin boundary migration.The last one occurs through incoherent twin boundary migration,which results from the collective motion of partial dislocations in an array.