CO_(2)is one of the most important greenhouse gases(GHGs)in the earth’s atmosphere.Since the industrial era,anthropogenic activities have emitted excessive quantities of GHGs into the atmosphere,resulting in climate ...CO_(2)is one of the most important greenhouse gases(GHGs)in the earth’s atmosphere.Since the industrial era,anthropogenic activities have emitted excessive quantities of GHGs into the atmosphere,resulting in climate warming since the 1950s and leading to an increased frequency of extreme weather and climate events.In 2020,China committed to striving for carbon neutrality by 2060.This commitment and China’s consequent actions will result in significant changes in global and regional anthropogenic carbon emissions and therefore require timely,comprehensive,and objective monitoring and verification support(MVS)systems.The MVS approach relies on the top-down assimilation and inversion of atmospheric CO_(2)concentrations,as recommended by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC)Inventory Guidelines in 2019.However,the regional high-resolution assimilation and inversion method is still in its initial stage of development.Here,we have constructed an inverse system for carbon sources and sinks at the kilometer level by coupling proper orthogonal decomposition(POD)with four-dimensional variational(4DVar)data assimilation based on the weather research and forecasting-greenhouse gas(WRF-GHG)model.Our China Carbon Monito ring and Verification Support at the Regional level(CCMVS-R)system can continuously assimilate information on atmospheric CO_(2)and other related information and realize the inversion of regional and local anthropogenic carbon emissions and natural terrestrial ecosystem carbon exchange.Atmospheric CO_(2)data were collected from six ground-based monito ring sites in Shanxi Province,China to verify the inversion effect of regio nal anthropogenic carbon emissions by setting ideal and real experiments using a two-layer nesting method(at 27 and 9 km).The uncertainty of the simulated atmospheric CO_(2)decreased significantly,with a root-mean-square error of CO_(2)concentration values between the ideal value and the simulated after assimilation was close to 0.The total anthropogenic carbon emissions in Shanxi Province in 2019 from the assimilated inversions were approximately 28.6%(17%-38%)higher than the mean of five emission inventories using the bottomup method,showing that the top-down CCMVS-R system can obtain more comprehensive information on anthropogenic carbon emissions.展开更多
Rational design has been widely used to develop high-performance metal selenides-based electrode materials for supercapacitors.In this study,we develop a facile one-step solvothermal approach to synthesize binder-free...Rational design has been widely used to develop high-performance metal selenides-based electrode materials for supercapacitors.In this study,we develop a facile one-step solvothermal approach to synthesize binder-free Ni_(3)Se_(2) nanodendrite arrays grown on nickel foam as advanced positive electrodes for supercapacitors.Our Ni_(3)Se_(2) nanodendrite arrays on nickel foam exhibit a specific capacitance of 1234 Fg^(-1)(3.70 F cm^(-2))at a current density of 1 Ag^(-1) and a great rate capability,which is benefited from the excellent electrical conductivity and unique hierarchical nano-dendritic structure.Furthermore,an asymmetric supercapacitor device was assembled using activated carbon as the negative electrode and the Ni_(3)Se_(2) nanodendrite arrays on nickel foam as the positive electrode,obtaining a high energy density of 22.3 W h kg^(-1) at a power density of 160.4 W kg^(-1).展开更多
基金supported by the General Project of Top-Design of Multi-Scale Nature-Social ModelsData Support and Decision Support System for NSFC Carbon Neutrality Major Project(42341202)the Basic Scientific Research Fund of the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences(2021Z014)。
文摘CO_(2)is one of the most important greenhouse gases(GHGs)in the earth’s atmosphere.Since the industrial era,anthropogenic activities have emitted excessive quantities of GHGs into the atmosphere,resulting in climate warming since the 1950s and leading to an increased frequency of extreme weather and climate events.In 2020,China committed to striving for carbon neutrality by 2060.This commitment and China’s consequent actions will result in significant changes in global and regional anthropogenic carbon emissions and therefore require timely,comprehensive,and objective monitoring and verification support(MVS)systems.The MVS approach relies on the top-down assimilation and inversion of atmospheric CO_(2)concentrations,as recommended by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC)Inventory Guidelines in 2019.However,the regional high-resolution assimilation and inversion method is still in its initial stage of development.Here,we have constructed an inverse system for carbon sources and sinks at the kilometer level by coupling proper orthogonal decomposition(POD)with four-dimensional variational(4DVar)data assimilation based on the weather research and forecasting-greenhouse gas(WRF-GHG)model.Our China Carbon Monito ring and Verification Support at the Regional level(CCMVS-R)system can continuously assimilate information on atmospheric CO_(2)and other related information and realize the inversion of regional and local anthropogenic carbon emissions and natural terrestrial ecosystem carbon exchange.Atmospheric CO_(2)data were collected from six ground-based monito ring sites in Shanxi Province,China to verify the inversion effect of regio nal anthropogenic carbon emissions by setting ideal and real experiments using a two-layer nesting method(at 27 and 9 km).The uncertainty of the simulated atmospheric CO_(2)decreased significantly,with a root-mean-square error of CO_(2)concentration values between the ideal value and the simulated after assimilation was close to 0.The total anthropogenic carbon emissions in Shanxi Province in 2019 from the assimilated inversions were approximately 28.6%(17%-38%)higher than the mean of five emission inventories using the bottomup method,showing that the top-down CCMVS-R system can obtain more comprehensive information on anthropogenic carbon emissions.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51802205)the Australian Research Council and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.YJ201789)。
文摘Rational design has been widely used to develop high-performance metal selenides-based electrode materials for supercapacitors.In this study,we develop a facile one-step solvothermal approach to synthesize binder-free Ni_(3)Se_(2) nanodendrite arrays grown on nickel foam as advanced positive electrodes for supercapacitors.Our Ni_(3)Se_(2) nanodendrite arrays on nickel foam exhibit a specific capacitance of 1234 Fg^(-1)(3.70 F cm^(-2))at a current density of 1 Ag^(-1) and a great rate capability,which is benefited from the excellent electrical conductivity and unique hierarchical nano-dendritic structure.Furthermore,an asymmetric supercapacitor device was assembled using activated carbon as the negative electrode and the Ni_(3)Se_(2) nanodendrite arrays on nickel foam as the positive electrode,obtaining a high energy density of 22.3 W h kg^(-1) at a power density of 160.4 W kg^(-1).
