A sensitivity study of the WRF model in offshore wind modeling over the Baltic Sea

Accurate wind modeling is important for wind resources assessment and wind power forecasting. To improve the WRF model configuration for the offshore wind modeling over the Baltic Sea, this study performed a sensitivity study of the WRF model to multiple model configurations, including domain setup,grid resolution, sea surface temperature, land surface data, and atmosphere-wave coupling. The simulated offshore wind was evaluated against LiDAR observations under different wind directions, atmospheric stabilities, and sea status. Generally, the simulated wind profiles matched observations, despite systematic underestimations. Strengthening the forcing from the reanalysis data through reducing the number of nested domains played the largest role in improving wind modeling. Atmosphere-wave coupling further improved the simulated wind, especially under the growing and mature sea conditions.Increasing the vertical resolution, and updating the sea surface temperature and the land surface information only had a slight impact, mainly visible during very stable conditions. Increasing the horizontal resolution also only had a slight impact, most visible during unstable conditions. Our study can help to improve the wind resources assessment and wind power forecasting over the Baltic Sea.

Knockdown of RFC4 inhibits the cell proliferation of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in vitro and in vivo

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC)is a malignant tumor that mainly occurs in East and Southeast Asia.Although patients benefit from the main NPC treatments(e.g.,radiotherapy and concurrent chemotherapy),persistent and recurrent diseases still occur in some NPC patients.Therefore,investigating the pathogenesis of NPC is of great clinical significance.In the present study,replication factor c subunit 4(RFC4)is a key potential target involved in NPC progression via bioinformatics analysis.Furthermore,the expression and mechanism of RFC4 in NPC were investigated in vitro and in vivo.Our results revealed that RFC4 was more elevated in NPC tumor tissues than in normal tissues.RFC4 knockdown induced G2/M cell cycle arrest and inhibited NPC cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo.Interestingly,HOXA10 was confirmed as a downstream target of RFC4,and the overexpression of HOXA10 attenuated the silencing of RFC4-induced cell proliferation,colony formation inhibition,and cell cycle arrest.For the first time,this study reveals that RFC4 is required for NPC cell proliferation and may play a pivotal role in NPC tumorigenesis.