Research progress in rehabilitation treatment of stroke patients A bibliometric analysis

BACKGROUND： Stroke presents as a transient or chronic brain dysfunction and is associated with high morbidity and high mortality. The doctors and scientists would like to argue how to enhance the validity of the rehabilitation treatment and how to further improve the level of treatment on stroke. OBJECTIVE： The aim of this study was to quantitatively analyze the current worldwide progress in research on stroke rehabilitation treatment based on Web of Science database and CiinicalTrial.gov in the past 10 years. METHODS： We conducted a quantitative analysis of clinical trial articles regarding stroke rehabilitation published in English from 2003 to 2013 and indexed in the National Institutes of Health Clinical Trials registry and Web of Science databases. Data were downloaded on March 15, 2013. RESULTS： （1） From 2003 to 2013, 2 654 clinical trials investigating stroke were indexed in ClinicalTrials.gov. There were only 58 clinical trials registered in 2003, and there was a marked increase from 2005. A total of 605 clinical trials on the rehabilitation of stroke were conducted in the past 10 years. （2） The analysis showed that most of the trials in the field were registered by North American institutions. With respect to the Asian countries, China and Taiwan Region of China also published a reasonable proportion of the trials, but comparatively speaking, the number of trials is really rare. Most of the interventions were drugs, followed by the devices, and behavioral interventions were ranked third. （3） In the past 10 years, there were 4 052 studies on stroke indexed by Web of Science database. CONCLUSION： From perspective of research progress, we found that the number of clinical trials and papers on stroke rehabilitation has increased significantly in the past 10 years, between them a remarkable positive correlation exists.

Tongdu Tiaoshen Acupuncture Method for Promoting Hippocampal Nerve Repair and Regeneration and Improving Learning and Memory Dysfunction in Stroke Model Rats

[Objectives]To evaluate the effects of Tongdu Tiaoshen Acupuncture method on improving learning and memory function and hippocampal nerve regeneration and repair after stroke.[Methods]Animal models of cognitive impairment in the recovery phase of cerebral infarction in rats were prepared,and rats were randomly divided into control group,model group,donepezil group,and acupuncture group.Morris water maze experiment was carried out to evaluate learning and memory ability.Nissl staining,BrdU and DCX immunofluorescence staining were used to observe the number and morphological structure of neuronal pyramidal and granular cells in the dentate gyrus(DG)area of the hippocampus,as well as the proliferation and differentiation of neural progenitor cells.TUNEL method was used to detect cell apoptosis.[Results]Before intervention,the scores and ELP of the model group,donepezil group and acupuncture group were significantly higher than those of the blank group(P<0.05);after the intervention,the neurological scores and ELP of the blank group and the model group were not significantly different from those before the intervention(P<0.05);the donepezil group and acupuncture group were significantly reduced,there was no difference between the donepezil group and acupuncture group(P>0.05),but it was still significantly higher than the blank group(P<0.05).The results of BrdU and DCX immunofluorescence staining showed that there were only a few BrdU positive cells and DCX protein in the hippocampal DG area of mice in the blank group,and the positive cells in the model group were significantly increased(P<0.05);donepezil group and acupuncture group showed significant increase compared with the model group(P<0.05);compared with the blank group,the number of neurons in the hippocampal DG area of each group was significantly reduced(P<0.01),and the neuronal apoptosis index was significantly increased(P<0.01);compared with the blank group,the number of neurons in the hippocampal DG area of each group was significantly reduced(P<0.01),and the neuronal apoptosis index was significantly increased(P<0.01).The number of neurons in the hippocampal DG area of rats in the acupuncture group and donepezil group was significantly increased(P<0.01),and the neuronal apoptosis index was significantly decreased(P<0.01).[Conclusions]Tongdu Tiaoshen Acupuncture method can improve the learning and memory function of stroke model rats by promoting the regeneration and repair of hippocampal nerve in rats with cerebral infarction.

The regulatory mechanisms and inhibitors of isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 in cancer

Reprogramming of energy metabolism is one of the basic characteristics of cancer and has been proved to be an important cancer treatment strategy.Isocitrate dehydrogenases(IDHs)are a class of key proteins in energy metabolism,including IDH1,IDH2,and IDH3,which are involved in the oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate to yield a-ketoglutarate(a-KG).Mutants of IDH1 or IDH2 can produce D-2-hydroxyglutarate(D-2HG)with a-KG as the substrate,and then mediate the occurrence and development of cancer.At present,no IDH3 mutation has been reported.The results of pan-cancer research showed that IDH1 has a higher mutation frequency and involves more cancer types than IDH2,implying IDH1 as a promising anti-cancer target.Therefore,in this review,we summarized the regulatory mechanisms of IDH1 on cancer from four aspects:metabolic reprogramming,epigenetics,immune microenvironment,and phenotypic changes,which will provide guidance for the understanding of IDH1 and exploring leading-edge targeted treatment strategies.In addition,we also reviewed available IDH1 inhibitors so far.The detailed clinical trial results and diverse structures of preclinical candidates illustrated here will provide a deep insight into the research for the treatment of IDH1-related cancers.