The strikingly rapidly mutating nature of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)genome has been a constant challenge during the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic.In this study,various...The strikingly rapidly mutating nature of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)genome has been a constant challenge during the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic.In this study,various techniques,including reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction,antigen-detection rapid diagnostic tests,and high-throughput sequencing were analyzed under different scenarios and spectra for the etiological diagnosis of COVID-19 at the population scale.This study aimed to summarize the latest research progress and provide up-to-date understanding of the methodology used for the evaluation of the immunoprotection conditions against future variants of SARS-CoV-2.Our novel work reviewed the current methods for the evaluation of the immunoprotection status of a specific population(endogenous antibodies)before and after vaccine inoculation(administered with biopharmaceutical antibody products).The present knowledge of the immunoprotection status regarding the COVID-19 complications was also discussed.Knowledge on the immunoprotection status of specific populations can help guide the design of pharmaceutical antibody products,inform practice guidelines,and develop national regulations with respect to the timing of and need for extra rounds of vaccine boosters.展开更多
Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is a kind of viral pneumonia which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2).The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 has been marked as the third introduction of a ...Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is a kind of viral pneumonia which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2).The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 has been marked as the third introduction of a highly pathogenic coronavirus into the human population after the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus(SARS-CoV)and the Middle East respiratory syndrome coro-navirus(MERS-CoV)in the twenty-first century.In this minireview,we provide a brief introduction of the general features of SARS-CoV-2 and discuss current knowledge of molecular immune pathogenesis,diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 on the base of the present understanding of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV infections,which may be helpful in offering novel insights and potential therapeutic targets for combating the SARS-CoV-2 infection.展开更多
Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)has been a pandemic for more than a year.With the expanding second wave of the pandemic in winter,the continuous evolution of SARS-CoV-2 has brought new issues,including the significa...Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)has been a pandemic for more than a year.With the expanding second wave of the pandemic in winter,the continuous evolution of SARS-CoV-2 has brought new issues,including the significance of virus mutations in infection and the detection of asymptomatic infection.In this review,we first introduced several major SARS-CoV-2 mutations since the COVID-19 outbreak and then mentioned the widely used molecular detection techniques to diagnose COVID-19,primarily focusing on their strengths and limitations.We further discussed the effects of viral genetic variation and asymptomatic infection on the molecular detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection.The review finally summarized useful insights into the molecular diagnosis of COVID-19 under the special situation being challenged by virus mutation and asymptomatic infection.展开更多
Rheumatoid arthritis(RA)is exacerbated by TNF-alpha signaling.However,it remains unclear whether TNF-α-activated TNFR1 and TNFR2 are regulated by extracellular factors.Here,we showed that soluble glycosylated interle...Rheumatoid arthritis(RA)is exacerbated by TNF-alpha signaling.However,it remains unclear whether TNF-α-activated TNFR1 and TNFR2 are regulated by extracellular factors.Here,we showed that soluble glycosylated interleukin-17 receptor D(sIL-17RD),which was produced by proteolytic cleavage,enhanced TNF-α-induced RA.We revealed that IL-17RD shedding was induced by the proteolytic enzyme TACE and enhanced by TNF-αexpression in macrophages.Intriguingly,sIL-17RD was elevated in the sera of arthritic mice and rats.Recombinant sIL-17RD significantly enhanced the TNF-α-induced proinflammatory response by promoting TNF-α-TNFR-sIL-17RD complex formation and receptor clustering,leading to the accelerated development of collagen-induced arthritis.Our observations revealed that ectodomain shedding of IL-17RD occurred in RA to boost the TNF-α-induced inflammatory response.Targeting sIL-17RD may provide a new strategy for the therapy of RA.展开更多
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.:81970029,81974014,82211530115,and 81470452),China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Project No.:2021M702591),the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province(Project No.:2021JQ-024),Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Project No.:xjh012020026),Xi'an Health Commission(COVID-19 special project),Xi'an Talent Program(Project No.:XAYC200023),and research funds of Xi'an Children's Hospital(Project No.:2020A03).
文摘The strikingly rapidly mutating nature of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)genome has been a constant challenge during the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic.In this study,various techniques,including reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction,antigen-detection rapid diagnostic tests,and high-throughput sequencing were analyzed under different scenarios and spectra for the etiological diagnosis of COVID-19 at the population scale.This study aimed to summarize the latest research progress and provide up-to-date understanding of the methodology used for the evaluation of the immunoprotection conditions against future variants of SARS-CoV-2.Our novel work reviewed the current methods for the evaluation of the immunoprotection status of a specific population(endogenous antibodies)before and after vaccine inoculation(administered with biopharmaceutical antibody products).The present knowledge of the immunoprotection status regarding the COVID-19 complications was also discussed.Knowledge on the immunoprotection status of specific populations can help guide the design of pharmaceutical antibody products,inform practice guidelines,and develop national regulations with respect to the timing of and need for extra rounds of vaccine boosters.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(projectNo.81970029)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(TheEmergency Projects on COVID-19.project No.xzy032020042)。
文摘Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is a kind of viral pneumonia which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2).The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 has been marked as the third introduction of a highly pathogenic coronavirus into the human population after the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus(SARS-CoV)and the Middle East respiratory syndrome coro-navirus(MERS-CoV)in the twenty-first century.In this minireview,we provide a brief introduction of the general features of SARS-CoV-2 and discuss current knowledge of molecular immune pathogenesis,diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 on the base of the present understanding of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV infections,which may be helpful in offering novel insights and potential therapeutic targets for combating the SARS-CoV-2 infection.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(project No.81970029)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(The Emergency Projects on COVID-19,xzy032020042)Qinnong Bank-XJTU special project for COVID-19(qnxjtu-12)。
文摘Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)has been a pandemic for more than a year.With the expanding second wave of the pandemic in winter,the continuous evolution of SARS-CoV-2 has brought new issues,including the significance of virus mutations in infection and the detection of asymptomatic infection.In this review,we first introduced several major SARS-CoV-2 mutations since the COVID-19 outbreak and then mentioned the widely used molecular detection techniques to diagnose COVID-19,primarily focusing on their strengths and limitations.We further discussed the effects of viral genetic variation and asymptomatic infection on the molecular detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection.The review finally summarized useful insights into the molecular diagnosis of COVID-19 under the special situation being challenged by virus mutation and asymptomatic infection.
基金This work was supported by grants from the Chinese National Major Scientific Research Program(2016YFA0500301)from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(81872244,81830092,and 81572729).
文摘Rheumatoid arthritis(RA)is exacerbated by TNF-alpha signaling.However,it remains unclear whether TNF-α-activated TNFR1 and TNFR2 are regulated by extracellular factors.Here,we showed that soluble glycosylated interleukin-17 receptor D(sIL-17RD),which was produced by proteolytic cleavage,enhanced TNF-α-induced RA.We revealed that IL-17RD shedding was induced by the proteolytic enzyme TACE and enhanced by TNF-αexpression in macrophages.Intriguingly,sIL-17RD was elevated in the sera of arthritic mice and rats.Recombinant sIL-17RD significantly enhanced the TNF-α-induced proinflammatory response by promoting TNF-α-TNFR-sIL-17RD complex formation and receptor clustering,leading to the accelerated development of collagen-induced arthritis.Our observations revealed that ectodomain shedding of IL-17RD occurred in RA to boost the TNF-α-induced inflammatory response.Targeting sIL-17RD may provide a new strategy for the therapy of RA.