The Alternaria alternata apple pathotype adversely affects apple(Malus domestica Borkh.)cultivation.However,the molecular mechanisms underlying enhanced resistance to this pathogen in apple remain poorly understood.We...The Alternaria alternata apple pathotype adversely affects apple(Malus domestica Borkh.)cultivation.However,the molecular mechanisms underlying enhanced resistance to this pathogen in apple remain poorly understood.We have previously reported that MdWRKY75 expression is upregulated by A.alternata infection in‘Sushuai’apples.In this study,we discovered that overexpression of MdWRKY75e increased the resistance of transgenic apple lines to A.alternata infection,whereas silencing this gene enhanced susceptibility to A.alternata infection.Furthermore,we found that MdWRKY75e directly binds to the MdLAC7 promoter to regulate the biosynthesis of laccase and increase the biosynthesis of lignin during A.alternata infection.Moreover,the thickening of the cell wall enhanced the mechanical defense capabilities of apple.In addition,we found that jasmonic acid remarkably induced MdWRKY75e expression,and its levels in transgenic apple lines were elevated.These results indicate that MdWRKY75e confers resistance to the A.alternata apple pathotype mainly via the jasmonic acid pathway and that pathogenesis-related genes and antioxidant-related enzyme activity are involved in the disease resistance of MdWRKY75e transgenic plants.In conclusion,our fi ndings provide insights into the importance of MdWRKY75e for resistance to A.alternata infection in apples.展开更多
Main observation and conclusion Herein,we report a rational construction of Au@Ag/C@SiO_(2)system with Au@Ag core-shell nanoparticles(NPs)as a promising photocatalyst based on the plasmonic coupling effect for the fir...Main observation and conclusion Herein,we report a rational construction of Au@Ag/C@SiO_(2)system with Au@Ag core-shell nanoparticles(NPs)as a promising photocatalyst based on the plasmonic coupling effect for the first time towards the photoreduction of nitroaromatic compounds under visible light.The combination and elaborate construction of Au@Ag NPs,carbon microspheres and mesoporous SiO_(2)shell can endow this system with several outstanding features towards photocatalytic reaction.Firstly,the broadband light harvesting across ultraviolet-visible-near infrared(UV-vis-NIR)region can be achieved due to the comprehensive effect of surface plasmonic resonance(SPR)coupling model of Au and Ag,near-field scattering light of carbon microspheres and light reflecting effect of SiO_(2)shell,resulting in the production of more electrons for phororeduction reaction.Secondly,the carbon microspheres in Au@Ag/C@SiO_(2)system possess electron-rich property due to their strong electron-withdrawing ability,which can act as the Lewis acid and Lewis basic site,and promote the stepwise hydrogenation of nitrobenzene.Thirdly,Au@Ag/C@SiO_(2)exhibits excellent reusability because of the protection of SiO_(2)shell,which restricts metal NPs inside the spheres and protects them from aggregation and being lost during reaction process.Our present work demonstrates the significance of construction of hybrid nanostructures based on the plasmonic coupling effect,which can be a promising approach to design efficient photocatalyst towards organic synthesis under visible light.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant number 31872074)the National Key R&D Program of China(2019YFD1000100)Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions。
文摘The Alternaria alternata apple pathotype adversely affects apple(Malus domestica Borkh.)cultivation.However,the molecular mechanisms underlying enhanced resistance to this pathogen in apple remain poorly understood.We have previously reported that MdWRKY75 expression is upregulated by A.alternata infection in‘Sushuai’apples.In this study,we discovered that overexpression of MdWRKY75e increased the resistance of transgenic apple lines to A.alternata infection,whereas silencing this gene enhanced susceptibility to A.alternata infection.Furthermore,we found that MdWRKY75e directly binds to the MdLAC7 promoter to regulate the biosynthesis of laccase and increase the biosynthesis of lignin during A.alternata infection.Moreover,the thickening of the cell wall enhanced the mechanical defense capabilities of apple.In addition,we found that jasmonic acid remarkably induced MdWRKY75e expression,and its levels in transgenic apple lines were elevated.These results indicate that MdWRKY75e confers resistance to the A.alternata apple pathotype mainly via the jasmonic acid pathway and that pathogenesis-related genes and antioxidant-related enzyme activity are involved in the disease resistance of MdWRKY75e transgenic plants.In conclusion,our fi ndings provide insights into the importance of MdWRKY75e for resistance to A.alternata infection in apples.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21872104 and 21501131)the Science and Technology Commission Foundation of Tianjin(18JCQNJC76200)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin for Distinguished Young Scholar(20JGQJC00150)CASC Qian Xuesen Innovation Fund for Young ScientistsTianjin Research Innovation Project for Postgraduate Students.
文摘Main observation and conclusion Herein,we report a rational construction of Au@Ag/C@SiO_(2)system with Au@Ag core-shell nanoparticles(NPs)as a promising photocatalyst based on the plasmonic coupling effect for the first time towards the photoreduction of nitroaromatic compounds under visible light.The combination and elaborate construction of Au@Ag NPs,carbon microspheres and mesoporous SiO_(2)shell can endow this system with several outstanding features towards photocatalytic reaction.Firstly,the broadband light harvesting across ultraviolet-visible-near infrared(UV-vis-NIR)region can be achieved due to the comprehensive effect of surface plasmonic resonance(SPR)coupling model of Au and Ag,near-field scattering light of carbon microspheres and light reflecting effect of SiO_(2)shell,resulting in the production of more electrons for phororeduction reaction.Secondly,the carbon microspheres in Au@Ag/C@SiO_(2)system possess electron-rich property due to their strong electron-withdrawing ability,which can act as the Lewis acid and Lewis basic site,and promote the stepwise hydrogenation of nitrobenzene.Thirdly,Au@Ag/C@SiO_(2)exhibits excellent reusability because of the protection of SiO_(2)shell,which restricts metal NPs inside the spheres and protects them from aggregation and being lost during reaction process.Our present work demonstrates the significance of construction of hybrid nanostructures based on the plasmonic coupling effect,which can be a promising approach to design efficient photocatalyst towards organic synthesis under visible light.
