Suppressed expression of miR-378 targeting gzmb in N cells is required to control dengue virus infection

Dengue virus （DENV） remains a major public health threat because no vaccine or drugs are available for the prevention and treatment of DENV infection, and the immunopathogenesis mechanisms of DENV infection are not fully understood. Cytotoxic molecules, such as granzyme B （GrzB）, may be necessary to control viral infections. However, the exact role of GrzB during DENV infection and the mechanisms regulating GrzB expression during DENV infection are not clear. This study found that miR-27a~, miR-3Oe, and miR-378 were down-regulated in DENV-infected patients, and DENV infection in humans induced a significant up-regulation of GrzB in natural killer （NK） cells and CD8＋ T cells. Further investigation indicated that NK cells, but not CD8＋ T cells, were the major sources of GrzB, and miR-378, but not miR-27a~ or miR-3Oe, suppressed GrzB expression in NK cells. Notably, we found that overexpression of miR-378 using a miR-378 agomir in DENV-infected mice inhibited GrzB expression and promoted DENV replication. These results suggest the critical importance of miR-378 in the regulation of GrzB expression and a protective role for GrzB in controlling DENV replication in vivo. Therefore, this study provides a new insight into the immunopathogenesis mechanism of DENV infection and a biological basis for the development of new therapeutic strategies to control DENV infection.

Incidence of Macrosomia in Rural Areas—Henan Province,China,2013–2017

Introduction:Macrosomia has short-term and long-term adverse health effects and is thus an important public health concern.Recent decades have witnessed increasing incidence of macrosomia in many countries.Methods:The present study used a large population-based birth cohort study to depict incidence of macrosomia among live births in rural areas of Henan Province of China from 2013 to 2017.Results:Among the 1,262,916 births,82,353 were cases of macrosomia.The overall incidence of all types of macrosomia,of macrosomia with birth weight<4,500 g,and of macrosomia with birth weight≥4,500 g were 6.52%,5.30%,and 1.22%,respectively.From 2013 to 2017,the incidence of macrosomia decreased by 31.3%from 7.96%in 2013 to 5.47%in 2017(X^(2)_(trend)=946.96,P_(trend)<0.001).Male infants and infants≥42 gestational weeks had significantly higher incidence of macrosomia than that of female infants and infants<42 gestational weeks(P<0.001).Conclusion:Gestational weight control through nutrition management and physical activities during pregnancy are needed to reduce incidence of macrosomia.

2013~2017年中国空气质量改善与早产疾病负担改变

Preterm birth(PTB)is a leading cause of perinatal mortality and morbidity worldwide[1].Since maternal and fetal health protection has been included in the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals,identification of modifiable risk factors for PTB is particularly crucial.The Global Burden of Disease(GBD)Study 2019 recognized fine particulate matter(PM2.5)pollution as a risk factor for decreased gestational age and low birth weight.

Non-coding RNA: a key regulator of the pathogenicity and immunity of Flaviviridae viruses infection

Flaviviridae is a family of viruses that mainly spread through arthropod vectors,such as mosquitoes.Major members of the Flaviviridae family include dengue virus(DENV),yellow fever virus,Zika virus(ZIKV),West Nile virus and hepatitis C virus(HCV).As Flaviviridae viruses remain a major global public health threat,elucidation of the exact mechanisms of pathogenesis during infection is required for the successful control of these deadly viruses.