Study on Endophytic Bacteria Diversity in the Root of Peperomia dindygulensis Miq. by Applying Clone Library Construction Method

[Objectives] To study the endophytic bacteria diversity in the root of Peperomia dindygulensis Miq. [Methods] The root of P.dindygulensis Miq. was taken as materials,culture-independent method was applied to build 16 S rDNA clone library for endophytic bacteria of P. dindygulensis Miq. [Results] In the 16 S rDNA clone library for endophytic bacteria of P. dindygulensis Miq.,95 clones separately belonged to 46 OTUs,Phylogenetic analysis indicated that these cloning sequences separately belonged to phylum Proteobacteria,phylum Bacteroidetes,phylum Actinobacteria,phylum Nitrospirae,and phylum Gemmatimonadetes. In these,phylum Proteobacteria accounted for 70. 53% of total number of clones,so it was the most dominant group in this library. [Conclusions]The endophytic bacteria diversity in the root of P.dindygulensis Miq. is rich and this study is expected to provide scientific basis for protection,development and use of resources of P. dindygulensis Miq.

Drug Nanorod-Mediated Intracellular Delivery of microRNA-101 for Self-sensitization via Autophagy Inhibition

Autophagy is closely related to the drug resistance and metastasis in cancer therapy.Nanoparticlemediated co-delivery of combinatorial therapy with small-molecular drugs and nucleic acids is promising to address drug resistance.Here,a drug-delivering-drug(DDD)platform consisting of anti-tumor-drug nanorods as a vehicle for cytosol delivery of nucleic acid(miR-101)with potent autophagic-inhibition activity is reported for combinatorial therapy.The developed 180-nm nanoplatform,with total drug loading of up to 66%,delivers miR-101 to cancer cells,with threefold increase in intracellular level compared to conventional gene carriers and inhibits the autophagy significantly,along with above twofold reduction in LC3II mRNA and approximately fivefold increase in p62 mRNA over the control demonstrated in the results in vivo.And in turn,the delivery of miR-101 potentiates the drug’s ability to kill cancer cells,with a threefold increase in apoptosis over that of chemotherapy alone.The anti-tumor study in vivo indicates the combined therapy that enables a reduction of 80%in tumor volume and>twofold increase in apoptosis than of the single-drug strategy.In summary,via the carrier-free strategy of DDD,this work provides a delivery platform that can be easily customized to overcome drug resistance and facilitates the delivery of combined therapy of small-molecular drugs and nucleic acids.

The Enlightenment on Urban Ecological Construction by Research Progress of Sponge City in China Based on Literature Analysis

To quantitatively analyze main figure,field,agency and level of sponge city research in China,and clear research focus and hot spot in each year,by using the Full Text Database of Chinese Sci-tech Periodicals and other retrieval tools,the statistics and analysis of 3152 research literatures on sponge city published in domestic academic journals of 2004-2016 are conducted based on bibliometrics. It is found that since the concept of " sponge city" was firstly proposed in 2012,development research of sponge city involves 40 subject fields and is mainly published in 32 kinds of journals,which is dominated by natural science research( 1427 literatures). Researchers are mainly from each college and university,some design institutes and Chinese Academy of Sciences. The research could play certain guidance significance for further research and construction of ecological city construction in China.

Study on Antifungal Activity of Some Medicinal Plants against Gray Mold(Botrytis cinerea)

In order to investigate antifungal effect of medicinal plant extracts on Botrytis cinerea,the antifungal activity of ethanol extracts of 8 medicinal plants including Ginkgo biloba against Botrytis cinerea was determined by growth rate method. The results showed that Ginkgo biloba and Cinnamomum cassia extracts had significant inhibition effects on B. cinerea mycelium growth( P < 0. 05),with inhibition rates over 70% and EC_(50) values of 0. 027 mg / ml and 0. 039 mg / ml,respectively,significantly different from the antifungal effects of other kinds of medicinal plants; and P. ternata and A. tsaoko extracts showed the second highest inhibition effects,with EC_(50) values of 0. 011 9 and 0. 039 3 mg / ml,respectively. Further experimental application could be carried out.

Construction Strategy of Sponge City in the Old Urban Area of Kunming Based on LID Concept

Sponge city construction,as an important measure of ecological construction in China,can effectively solve a series of problems such as large annual runoff,serious non-point source pollution,regional water shortage,low utilization rate of rain and flood resources,unsustainable ecological benefits of water landscape and poor landscape functions in urbanization construction. This paper uses LID concept to construct sponge city in the old urban area of Kunming,to reduce the total runoff and promote the utilization of rainfall and flood resources so as to rebuild,upgrade and optimize the regional environment and provide some reference for the regional construction of small-scale sponge city.

Teaching Reform and Practice of Plant Growth Environment Course in the Context of Application Transformation Development

Through the personnel training program,revising the syllabus,optimizing teaching contents,reforming teaching methods,strengthening practical teaching links and reforming examination methods,this paper explored the teaching reform and practice of Plant Growth Environment Course,in order to improve the teaching effect,stimulate learning interests of students,and cultivate application type talents meeting social demands.

Cytosolic delivery of the immunological adjuvant PolyⅠ:C and cytotoxic drug crystals via a carrier-free strategy significantly amplifies immune response

Co-delivery of chemotherapeutics and immunostimulant or chemoimmunotherapy is an emerging strategy in cancer therapy.The precise control of the targeting and release of agents is critical in this methodology.This article proposes the asynchronous release of the chemotherapeutic agents and immunostimulants to realize the synergistic effect between chemotherapy and immunotherapy.To obtain a proof-of-concept,a co-delivery system was prepared via a drug-delivering-drug(DDD)strategy for cytosolic co-delivery of Poly I:C,a synthetic ds RNA analog to activate RIG-I signaling,and PTX,a commonly used chemotherapeutics,in which pure PTX nanorods were sequentially coated with Poly I:C and mannuronic acid via stimulating the RIG-I signaling axis.The co-delivery system with a diameter of 200 nm enables profound immunogenicity of cancer cells,exhibiting increased secretion of cytokines and chemokines,pronounced immune response in vivo,and significant inhibition of tumor growth.Also,we found that intracellularly sustained release of cytotoxic agents could elicit the immunogenicity of cancer cells.Overall,the intracellular asynchronous release of chemotherapeutics and immunomodulators is a promising strategy to promote the immunogenicity of cancer cells and augment the antitumor immune response.

Delivery strategies of amphotericin B for invasive fungal infections

Invasive fungal infections(IFIs)represent a growing public concern for clinicians to manage in many medical settings,with substantial associated morbidities and mortalities.Among many current therapeutic options for the treatment of IFIs,amphotericin B(AmB)is the most frequently used drug.AmB is considered as a first-line drug in the clinic that has strong antifungal activity and less resistance.In this review,we summarized the most promising research efforts on nanocarriers for AmB delivery and highlighted their efficacy and safety for treating IFIs.We have also discussed the mechanism of actions of AmB,rationale for treating IFIs,and recent advances in formulating AmB for clinical use.Finally,this review discusses some practical considerations and provides recommendations for future studies in applying AmB for combating IFIs.

Potent delivery of an MMP inhibitor to the tumor microenvironment with thermosensitive liposomes for the suppression of metastasis and angiogenesis

Metastasis is a major cause of chemotherapeutic failure and death.Degradation of a specific component of the extracellular matrix(ECM)by matrix metalloproteinases(MMPs)affects the physical barrier of the tumor microenvironment(TME)and induces metastasis.Here,lysolipid-containing thermosensitive liposomes(LTSLs)were prepared to deliver an MMP inhibitor,marimastat(MATT),to the TME to inhibit MMP activity and expression.LTSLs rapidly released their payloads at 42°C.Compared with the saline control,MATT-LTSLs exhibited enhanced accumulation in the tumor and a 20-fold decrease in tumor growth in 4T1 tumor-bearing mice;moreover,MATT-LTSLs reduced MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity by 50%and 43%,respectively,and downregulated MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression in vivo by 30%and 43%,respectively.Most importantly,MATT-LTSL treatment caused a 7-fold decrease in metastatic lung nodules and a 6-fold reduction in microvessels inside the tumor.We believe this study provides an effective approach for the suppression of metastasis,and the use of a cytotoxic agent in combination with MATT is a potential strategy for metastatic cancer treatment.

Development of fluorinated polyplex nanoemulsions for improved small interfering RNA delivery and cancer therapy

我们基于 cationic perfluorocarbon nanoemulsions 报导小介入 RNA (siRNA ) 交货向量的发展。我们准备了有积极表面费用的乳剂提供了由的 perfluorodecalin (PFD ) 一 poly 氟化(ethylenimine )(F-PEI ) 。氟化的乳剂(F-PEI@PFD ) 减少了 F-PEI 的 cytotoxicity 并且与 siRNAs 表明了有效绑定形成 nanosized 乳剂 polyplexes。提高的细胞的举起和改进 endosomal siRNA 逃离的准备乳剂 polyplexes。，除了在多重癌症的增加的记者基因 silencing，房间与控制 F-PEI 和 PEI polyplexes 相比排队， siRNA 乳剂 polyplexes 显示出一个优秀电阻到浆液释放并且维持了高活动，甚至处于高浆液的条件。带 siRNA 到 Bcl2 基因的表达式导致了的沉默的 F-PEI@PFD 乳剂 polyplexes 在一个黑瘤鼠标的 apoptosis 和禁止的肿瘤生长在 vivo 和显示出的潜力当模特儿为在 vivo 超声成像。这研究为安全 siRNA 交货作为多功能的 theranostic nanoplatform 表明 F-PEI@PFD 乳剂的潜力，与综合超声成像功能。

Cocrystallization-like strategy for the codelivery of hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs in a single carrier material formulation

Codelivery of drugs by drug carriers is a promising strategy against several diseases such as infections and cancer.However,traditional drug carriers are typically characterized by low drug payload,limiting their treatment efficacy.Using nanocrystals of insoluble drug as carriers,a carrier free platform was developed previously to deliver a second insoluble drug for codelivery.To extend the concept,we hypothesized,herein,that the platform allows for codelivery of hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs using a cocrystalization-like strategy.To obtain proof-of-concept,paclitaxel(PTX),an insoluble chemotherapeutic agent,and dichloroacetic acid(DCA),a water-soluble inhibitor of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase,were utilized as model drugs.PTX-DCA hybrid nanocrystals(PTX-DCA NCs)were prepared by antisolvent precipitation and characterized.Their in vitro antitumor activity against cancer cells was evaluated.PTX-DCA NCs prepared from the optimized formulation had a diameter of 160 nm and a rodshape morphology and possessed encapsulated efficacy of approximately 30%for DCA.The use of the hybrid crystals enabled synergy to kill cancer cells,in particular in PTX-resistant cells in a dosedependent pattern.In conclusion,by using a cocrystalization-like strategy,a hydrophilic drug can be formulated into a drug’s nanocrystal for codelivery.