针刺在COVID-19治疗中的多效能特点与优势

COVID-19是威胁人类生命健康的重大疾病,其发病机制复杂且仍未完全阐明,临床多以支持治疗为主,缺乏特异性治疗方法。针刺治疗可抑制免疫炎性反应、神经炎症反应、氧化应激水平和下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺(HPA)轴活性,改善肺功能,缓解偏头痛、疲劳、焦虑和抑郁。然而,针刺疗法是否适合COVID-19患者相关症状的治疗仍有待研究。本文系统检索多个数据库,纳入相关研究性文献进行分析,归纳总结针刺治疗COVID-19相关症状、合并症的循证依据以及针刺治疗的机制,并对穴位和症状进行了复杂网络分析,以阐明针刺治疗COVID-19各系统相关症状的选穴规律。分析发现针刺主要通过抑制免疫炎性反应、调节肠道菌群、线粒体功能、氧化应激水平、心肌细胞凋亡、神经递质释放和HPA轴活性,改善COVID-19呼吸系统、消化系统、神经系统和精神心理障碍等相关症状,减轻心血管系统等基础疾病。针刺可以改善COVID-19的多种临床症状及合发症,但其作用机制复杂,仍需开展深入研究。

Use of acupuncture to treat cerebral infarction in the last 10 years A Scopus-based literature analysis

OBJECTIVE： To identify global research trends in the use of acupuncture to treat cerebral infarction. DATA RETRIEVAL： We performed a bibliometric analysis of studies on the use of acupuncture to treat cerebral infarction published during 2002-2011, retrieved from Scopus, using the key words of acupuncture and cerebral infarction or ischemic stroke. SELECTION CRITERIA： Inclusion criteria： peer-reviewed articles on the use of acupuncture to treat cerebral infarction indexed in Scopus and published between 2002 and 2011; types of publications were original research articles, reviews, meeting abstracts, proceedings papers, book chapters, editorial material, and news items. Exclusion criteria： articles that required manual searching or telephone access; documents that were not published in the public domain; and corrected papers. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： （a） Annual publication output; （b） language of publication; （c） type of publication; （d） key words of publication; （e） publication by research field; （f） publication by journal （g） publication by country and institution; （h） publication by author; （i） most-cited papers between 2002 and 2006; and （j） most-cited papers between 2007 and 2011. RESULTS： A total of 160 publications on the use of acupuncture to treat cerebral infarction from 2002-2011 were retrieved from Scopus. The number of publications increased gradually over the 10-year study period; most were written in Chinese or English. Articles and reviews constituted the major types. The most frequent key word used was acupuncture. The most prolific journals in this area were Zhongguo 7hen Jiu and the Chinese Journal of Clinical Rehabilitation. Of the 160 publications retrieved, half came from Chinese authors and institutions. Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine was the most prolific research institute. Two papers were cited 30 times; they were published in 2002 and 2009, respectively. CONCLUSION： In the field of neuroscience, there is little literature on acupuncture for cerebral infarction. The most-cited papers were cited 30 times in the past 3 years. We believe that, with advances in the study of mechanisms in neurobiology, research on acupuncture will also advance and will become the concern of more scholars.

High thermoelectric performance at room temperature of n-type Mg_(3)Bi_(2)-based materials by Se doping

Bi_(2)Te_(3) based alloys have been the most widely used thermoelectric material at low temperature for many decades.Here we report Se doped n-type Mg_(3)Bi_(2) based materials with a thermoelectric figure-of-merit ZT of 0.82 at 300 K and a peak ZT of 1.24 at 498 K,which is comparable to the n-type Bi_(2)Te_(3) and Te doped Mg_(3)Bi_(1.4)Sb_(0.6).The improved thermoelectric performance is benefited from the high carrier concentration and mobility as well as the thermal conductivity reduction.The reduced resistivity increased the power factor at all measured temperatures,leading to a higher engineering ZT(ZTeng)and engineering power factor(PFeng)for n-type Mg_(3)Bi_(2).The n-type Mg_(3)Bi_(1.4)Sb_(0.6) materials are promising for thermoelectric power generation and cooling applications near room temperature.

Sample size re-estimation without un-blinding for time-to-event outcomes in oncology clinical trials

Sample size re-estimation is essential in oncology studies. However, the use of blinded sample size reassessment for survival data has been rarely reported. Based on the density function of the exponential distribution, an expectation-maximization（EM） algorithm of the hazard ratio was derived, and several simulation studies were used to verify its applications. The method had obvious variation in the hazard ratio estimates and overestimation for the relatively small hazard ratios. Our studies showed that the stability of the EM estimation results directly correlated with the sample size, the convergence of the EM algorithm was impacted by the initial values, and a balanced design produced the best estimates. No reliable blinded sample size re-estimation inference can be made in our studies, but the results provide useful information to steer the practitioners in this field from repeating the same endeavor.

急诊科患者心理护理干预后心理应激改善及效果分析

目的分析急诊科患者心理护理干预后心理应激改善状况和效果。方法选取我院2016年3月-2017年3月期间收治的90例急诊内科患者,依据随机数字表法,将其分为实验组和参照组,每组患者45例,参照组采用常规护理方法,实验组在常规护理方法的基础上,再实施心理护理干预,对比分析两组患者的心理应激改善及效果。结果实验组的护理效果显著好于参照组(P<0.05),实验组患者的精神性焦虑和身体性焦虑指数显著低于参照组(P<0.05)。结论结合急诊患者病情和需求,在常规护理方法的基础上行,采取心理护理干预的措施,取得了显著效果,值得推广应用。

Auto-thermal reforming of acetic acid for hydrogen production by Zn_(x)Ni_(y)CrO_(m±δ) catalysts:Effect of Cr promoted Ni-Zn intermetallic compound

A series of Zn_(x)Ni_(y)CrO_(m±δ)catalysts were synthesized via a typical co-precipitation method,in which Zn-Cr layered double hydroxides(LDHs)were found and Ni-Zn intermetallic compound(IMC)was formed after reduction in hydrogen.During auto-thermal reforming(ATR)of acetic acid(HAc),the Ni-Zn IMC was transformed into Ni/(amorphous-ZnO)-ZnCr_(2)O_(4) species with uniformed distribution and appropriate interaction within these Ni-Zn-Cr-O species;besides,the adsorbed oxygen promoted the activation and transfer of oxygen species;therefore,deactivation by oxidation,sintering and coking was inhibited.And the optimized Zn_(2.37)Ni_(0.63)CrO_(4.5±δ)catalyst presented high activity and stability in a 45-h ATR test with HAc conversion near 100%and hydrogen yield at 2.7 mol-H_(2)/mol-HAc,showing potential for hydrogen production via ATR of HAc.

Continued evolution of H10N3 influenza virus with adaptive mutations poses an increased threat to mammals

The H10 subtype avian influenza virus(AIV)poses an ongoing threat to both birds and humans.Notably,fatal human cases of H10N3 and H10N8 infections have drawn public attention.In 2022,we isolated two H10N3 viruses(A/chicken/Shandong/0101/2022 and A/chicken/Shandong/0603/2022)from diseased chickens in China.Genome analysis revealed that these viruses were genetically associated with human-origin H10N3 virus,with internal genes originating from local H9N2 viruses.Compared to the H10N8 virus(A/chicken/Jiangxi/102/2013),the H10N3 viruses exhibited enhanced thermostability,increased viral release from erythrocytes,and accumulation of hemagglutinin(HA)protein.Additionally,we evaluated the pathogenicity of both H10N3 and H10N8 viruses in mice.We found that viral titers could be detected in the lungs and nasal turbinates of mice infected with the two H10N3 viruses,whereas H10N8 virus titers were detectable in the lungs and brains of mice.Notably,the proportion of double HA Q222R and G228S mutations in H10N3 viruses has increased since 2019.However,the functional roles of the Q222R and G228S double mutations in the HA gene of H10N3 viruses remain unknown and warrant further investigation.Our study highlights the potential public health risk posed by the H10N3 virus.A spillover event of AIV to humans could be a foretaste of a looming pandemic.Therefore,it is imperative to continuously monitor the evolution of the H10N3 influenza virus to ensure targeted prevention and control measures against influenza outbreaks.

Electrical property enhancement and lattice thermal conductivity reduction of n-type Mg_(3)Sb_(1.5)Bi_(0.5)-based Zintl compound by In&Se co-doping

Mg_(3)Sb_(1.5)Bi_(0.5)-based Zintl compounds have attracted extensive attention as potential thermoelectric materials due to their earth-abundant elements.However,pure and intrinsic Mg_(3)Sb_(1.5)Bi_(0.5)manifests a poor thermoelectric performance because of its low electrical conductivity of about 3×10^(2)S/m at room temperature.In this work,In and Se co-doping was carried out to optimize the thermoelectric perfor-mance of n-type Mg_(3)Sb_(1.5)Bi_(0.5)-based material.The experimental results revealed that the carrier con-centration and mobility of Mg_(3)Sb_(1.5)Bi_(0.5)significantly increased after In and Se co-doping,leading to an improvement of power factor.Simultaneously,lattice thermal conductivity was significantly reduced due to the large mass difference between In and Mg.A maximum zT of 1.64 at 723 K was obtained for the Mg_(3.17)In_(0.03)Sb_(1.5)Bi_(0.49)Se_(0.01)sample.And an average zT value of about 1.1 between 300 and 723 K was achieved,which insures its possible application at medium temperature range as a non-toxic and low-cost TE material.

Berbamine inhibits SARS-CoV-2 infection by compromising TRPMLs-mediated endolysosomal trafficking of ACE2

Dear Editor,Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus(MERS-CoV)is the pathogen responsible for the outbreak of MERS,and we are currently being affected by coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)due to infection by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2).The S protein of SARS-CoV-2 or MERS-CoV binds angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE2)or dipeptidyl peptidase-4(DPP4),respectively,to facilitate viral particles entry into cells1.The COVID-19 pandemic has caused major socioeconomic disruptions globally.

Saikosaponin D suppresses enterovirus A71 infection by inhibiting autophagy

The dysregulation of autophagy,an evolutionarily conserved lysosomal degradation process,has been implicated in a wide variety of human diseases,and thus,small chemicals that modulate autophagy have therapeutic potential.Here,we assessed the ability of active components isolated from Bupleurum falcatum,a popular Chinese herb,to modulate autophagy.We found that saikosaponin D(SsD)and A(SsA)but not C(SsC)potently and reversibly inhibited the fusion of autophagosomes and lysosomes,resulting in the accumulation of autophagosomes,an increased lysosomal pH,and TFEB nuclear translocation.RAB5A knockdown or the expression of a dominant-negative RAB5 mutant significantly reduced the ability of SsD or SsA to block autophagy.Enterovirus A71(EV-A71),the cause of hand-foot-mouth disease,has been shown to induce autophagy.We found that SsD potently inhibited EV-A71 RNA replication and subsequent viral protein synthesis,thereby preventing EV-A71-induced cell death.ATG5 knockdown inhibited EV-A71 viral protein synthesis,whereas autophagy induction by rapamycin promoted synthesis.Taken together,our data indicate that SsD and SsA are potent late-stage autophagy inhibitors that can be used to prevent EV-A71 infection.

Norwegian Policy Initiative of Offering Free Homework Assistance in Schools

Purpose:Through reviewing an education policy blueprint in Norway,titled“An Offer of Homework Assistance”(issued by the Norwegian Directorate for Education and Training in June 2010),the present article aims to shed light on how Norway uses education as an arena to realize social equality and equity.Design/Approach/Methods:This is an analytical policy review.Findings:By examining the background,goals,contents,and implementation of the homework assistance program,we have found that the Norwegian government institutes evidence-based policies in education.Although there is criticism concerning the policy and its implementation,empirical evaluative investigations have found that it brings a variety of benefits.Originality/Value:The present article is useful to understand educational policymaking in Norway and how the country is making efforts to achieve social equality and equity through education.

Continuous reassortments with local chicken H9N2 virus underlie the human-infecting influenza A （H7N9） virus in the new influenza season, Guangdong, China

Dear Editor,Since the first human infection of influenza A （H7N9） virus in Shanghai in February 2013 （Gao et al., 2013）, the virus has rapidly spread out to 14 provinces of China and caused more than 139 cases of human infection with 47 deaths as of December 1, 2013 （Li et al., 2014）. In 2014, 258 new cases with 99 deaths were reported （as of April 8, 2014）, forming another infection peak in the new influenza season in China. Zhejiang and Guangdong Provinces have reported the majority of the cases of the new influenza season. The first re-emerging H7N9 virus was reported to have high identity to earlier ones with only five mutations in NA （Chen et al., 2013b）, and implying the continuity of H7N9 infections from the previous influenza season would have featured the second H7N9 influenza virus season.

NiCe bimetallic nanoparticles embedded in hexagonal mesoporous silica (HMS) for reverse water gas shift reaction

Reverse water gas shift(RWGS)reaction is a crucial process in CO_(2)utilization.Herein,Ni-and NiCe-containing hexagonal mesoporous silica(Ni-HMS and NiCe-HMS)catalysts were synthesized using an insitu one-pot method and applied for RWGS reaction.At certain reaction temperatures 500-750℃,Ni-HMS samples displayed a higher selectivity to the preferable CO than that of conventionally impregnated Ni/HMS catalyst.This could be originated from the smaller NiO nanoparticles over Ni-HMS catalyst.NiCe-HMS exhibited higher activity compared to Ni-HMS.The catalysts were characterized by means of TEM,XPS,XRD,H_(2)-TPR,CO_(2)-TPD,EPR and N_(2) adsorption-desortion technology.It was found that introduction of Ce created high concentration of oxygen vacancies,served as the active site for activating CO_(2).Also,this work analyzed the effect of the H_(2)/CO_(2)molar ratio on the best NiCe-HMS.When reaction gas H_(2)/CO_(2)molar ratio was 4 significantly decreased the selectivity to CO at low temperature,but triggered a higher CO_(2)conversion which is close to the equilibrium.

A POISSON-GAUSSIAN MODEL TO PRICE EUROPEAN OPTIONS ON THE EXTREMUM OF SEVERAL RISKY ASSETS WITHIN THE HJM FRAMEWORK

This paper generalizes European call options on the extremum of several risky assets in a Poisson-Gaussian model which allows both the risky assets and stochastic interest rates moving randomly with jump risks. The stochastic interest rate is assumed to follow an extended multi-factor HJM model with jumps. The authors provide explicitly the closed-form solutions of these options through the change of numeralre technique and examine the effects of both jump risks and stochastic interest rate on the option price with numerical experiment. The model can be seen as an extension of Stulz （1982）, Johnson （1987） and Lindset （2006）.