基于网络药理学研究楤木多糖影响痛风的分子机制

目的:探讨楤木多糖组分影响痛风的可能机制。方法:在知网、万方、TCMSP、PubChem、PharmMapper、disgenet、GeneCards等数据库检索楤木多糖组分靶点以及痛风的相关人类靶点。将交集靶点导入STRING中进行蛋白互作分析,在Cytoscape 3.9.1软件构建相关网络。利用Auto Dock Tools软件actodock vina算法计算结合能,对接活性成分和靶点目标,最后利用PyMOL软件进行可视化分析。结果:得到1569个痛风相关靶点和1567个楤木多糖组分预测靶点,化合物和疾病共同靶点5个。分子对接显示3种活性成分和5个靶点呈现较好的结合活性。结论:楤木多糖组分影响痛风的关键靶点有CRP、TNF、HSPA8、LDHA、MBLAC1。楤木多糖组分影响痛风具有“多靶点、多通路”的特点,本研究在一定程度上为实验研究提供了理论基础。

Determination of velocity correction factors for real-time air velocity monitoring in underground mines

When there are installations of air velocity sensors in the mining industry for real-time airflow monitoring, a problem exists with how the monitored air velocity at a fixed location corresponds to the average air velocity, which is used to determine the volume flow rate of air in an entry with the cross-sectional area. Correction factors have been practically employed to convert a measured centerline air velocity to the average air velocity. However, studies on the recommended correction factors of the sensor-measured air velocity to the average air velocity at cross sections are still lacking. A comprehensive airflow measurement was made at the Safety Research Coal Mine, Bruceton, PA, using three measuring methods including single-point reading, moving traverse, and fixed-point traverse. The air velocity distribution at each measuring station was analyzed using an air velocity contour map generated with Surfer~. The correction factors at each measuring station for both the centerline and the sensor location were calculated and are discussed.

Regulatory effects of inhibiting the activation of glial cells on retinal synaptic plasticity

Various retinal injuries induced by ocular hypertension have been shown to induce plastic changes in retinal synapses, but the potential regulatory mechanism of synaptic plasticity after retinal injury was still unclear. A rat model of acute ocular hypertension was established by injecting saline intravitreally for an hour, and elevating the intraocular pressure to 14.63 kPa （110 mmHg）. Western blot assay and immunofluorescence results showed that synaptophysin expression had a distinct spatiotemporal change that increased in the inner plexiform layer within 1 day and spread across the outer plexiform layer after 3 days. Glial fibrillary acidic protein expression in retinae was greatly increased after 3 days, and reached a peak at 7 days, which was also consistent with the peak time of synaptophysin expression in the outer plexiform layer following the increased intraocular pressure. Fluorocitrate, a glial metabolic inhibitor, was intravitreally injected to inhibit glial cell activation following high intraocular pressure. This significantly inhibited the enhanced glial fibrillary acidic protein expression induced by high intraocular pressure injury. Synaptophysin expression also decreased in the inner plexiform layer within a day and the widened distribution in the outer plexiform layer had disappeared by 3 days. The results suggested that retinal glial cell activation might play an important role in the process of retinal synaptic plasticity induced by acute high intraocular pressure through affecting the expression and distribution of synaptic functional proteins, such as synaptophysin.

Spatiotemporal alterations of presynaptic elements in the retina after high intraocular pressure

A rat model of acute high intraocular pressure was established by injecting saline into the anterior chamber of the left eye. Synaptophysin expression was increased in the inner plexiform layer at 2 hours following injury, and was widely distributed in the outer plexiform layer at 3-7 days, and then decreased to the normal level at 14 days. This suggests that expression of this presynaptic functional protein experienced spatiotemporal alterations after elevation of intraocular pressure. There was no significant change in the fluorescence intensity and distribution pattern for synapse-associated protein 102 following elevated intraocular pressure. Synapse-associated protein 102 immunoreactivity was confined to the outer plexiform layer, while synaptophysin immunoreactivity spread into the outer plexiform layer and the outer nuclear layer at 3 and 7 days following injury. These alterations in presynaptic elements were not accompanied by changes in postsynaptic components.

风速加强可能是近年中国沙尘日数增加的主要因素

沙尘天气是中国北方干旱和半干旱地区的重要天气现象,也是影响该地区的主要灾害性天气之一[1,2].沙尘事件对环境、公共健康甚至全球气候都会产生重大影响,了解沙尘天气的驱动因素对制定有效的策略以减轻其影响至关重要[3~5].沙尘天气直接受到风速和沙源影响,而沙源又进一步受植被、降水、气温等因素影响[6~8].通过分析这些因素导致的沙尘天气频率变化过程,有助于我们预测未来的沙尘天气变化趋势.截至2023年4月30日,我国已经出现12次沙尘天气过程,比往年同期偏多.

Enhanced hepatic metabolic perturbation of polystyrene nanoplastics by UV irradiation-induced hydroxyl radical generation

The environmental behavior of and risks associated with nanoplastics(NPs)have attracted considerable attention.However,compared to pristine NPs,environmental factors such as ultraviolet(UV)irradiation that lead to changes in the toxicity of NPs have rarely been studied.We evaluated the changes in morphology and physicochemical properties of polystyrene(PS)NPs before and after UV irradiation,and compared their hepatotoxicity in mice.The results showed that UV irradiation caused particle size reduction and increased the carbonyl index(CI)and negative charge on the particle surface.UV-aged PS NPs(aPS NPs)could induce the generation of hydroxyl radicals(·OH),but also further promoted the generation of·OH in the Fenton reaction system.Hepatic pathological damage was more severe in mice exposed to aPS NPs,accompanied by a large number of vacuoles and hepatocyte balloon-like changes and more marked perturbations in blood glucose and serum lipoprotein,alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels.In addition,exposure to PS NPs and aPS NPs,especially aPS NPs,triggered oxidative stress and significantly damaged the antioxidant capacity of mice liver.Compared with PS NPs,exposure to aPS NPs increased the number of altered metabolites in hepatic and corresponding metabolic pathways,especially glutathione metabolism.Our research suggests that UV irradiation can disrupt the redox balance in organisms by promoting the production of·OH,enhancing PS NPs-induced liver damage and metabolic disorders.This study will help us understand the health risks of NPs and to avoid underestimation of the risks of NPs in nature.

The role of NiFe_(2)O_(4)nanoparticle in the anaerobic digestion(AD)of waste activated sludge(WAS)

Anaerobic digestion(AD)is a promising technology for the treatment of waste activated sludge(WAS)with energy recovery.However,the low methane yield and slow methanogenesis limit its broad application.In this study,the NiFe_(2)O_(4)nanoparticles(NPs)were fabricated and applied as a conductive material to enhance the AD via promoting the direct interspecies electron transfer(DIET).The crystal structure,specific surface area,morphology and elemental composition of the as-prepared NiFe_(2)O_(4)NPs were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET),scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS).The biochemical methane potential(BMP)test was performed(lasting for 35 days)to evaluate the energy recovery in AD with the addition of the NiFe_(2)O_(4)NPs.The results illustrate that NiFe_(2)O_(4)NPs could accelerate both the hydrolysis,acidogenesis and methanogenesis,i.e.,the cumulative methane production and daily methane yield increased from 96.76±1.70 mL/gVS and 8.24±1.26 mL gVS^(-1)d^(-1)in the absence of NiFe_(2)O_(4)NPs(Group A)to 123.69±3.20 mL/gVS and 9.71±0.77 mL gVS^(-1)d^(-1)in the presence of NiFe_(2)O_(4)NPs(Group B).The model simulation results showed that both the first-order kinetic model and the modified Gompertz model can well simulate the experimental results.The hydrolysis rate constant k increased from 0.04±0.01 d^(-1)in Group A to 0.06±0.01 d^(-1)in Group B.And the maximum methane production potential and activity were both improved after adding NiFe_(2)O_(4).The microbial community analysis revealed that the microorganisms associated with hydrolysis and acidogenesis were more abundant in the presence of NiFe_(2)O_(4).And the methanogenic archaea were enriched to a larger extent,resulted in the higher methanogenesis activities via dosing NiFe_(2)O_(4).

不同降压过程对深海海水中可培养细菌群落组成的影响

【目的】控制不同的压力变化过程,比较对深海水样中可培养细菌组成的影响,探讨马里亚纳海沟深海水样中可培养细菌在不同降压处理过程下的丰度变化和群落组成。【方法】利用保压技术采集无污染、深度6001 m的深海水样后,模拟缓慢降压和快速降压过程,通过2216E培养基及2216E加氧化三甲胺(TMAO)富集培养基,对分离得到的可培养菌株进行16S rRNA基因测序分析和丰度检测。【结果】通过缓慢降压和快速降压处理后,深海海水样品中可培养细菌的丰度和群落组成差异较大。其中,在缓慢降压处理的样品中,平均丰度约为190 CFU/mL,且种群组成单一,以Bacillus属为主(占总菌落数的96%);而快速降压处理的样品中,平均丰度约为437 CFU/mL,主要分布在4个属中:Bacillus (占总菌落数的27.8%)、Achromobacter (24.4%)、Microbacterium (34.4%)和Pseudomonas (13.7%)。值得一提的是,添加TMAO后,2种降压过程处理的样品中,可培养细菌的平均丰度均没有明显提升,但样品中的可培养细菌种类明显提升,部分种属的丰度也发生了明显的变化。此外,一些种属仅在特定的压力和底物存在的条件下出现。【结论】不同的降压方式能够影响深海海水中可培养细菌的丰度和群落组成,添加TMAO的富集实验表明可以增加分离到的细菌的种类,为下一步的深入研究提供良好的研究基础。

Micropore structure characteristics and quantitative characterization methods of lacustrine shale-A case study from the member 2 of Kongdian Formation, Cangdong sag, Bohai Bay Basin

To better understand the micropore characteristics of lacustrine shale and develop quantitative methodsfor characterizing lacustrine shale, the reservoir space types, structures and spatial distribution patternsof effective pores in the shale of Member 2 of Kongdian Formation in Cangdong sag are studied usingcores, thin sections, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM),nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), whole-rock X-ray diffraction (XRD) data, etc. Various shale porositycalculation methods are evaluated. The study results show that the reservoir spaces of the shale mainlyinclude three types, i.e., matrix pores, organic pores and fractures. Flaky pore throats formed bydissolution-induced pores and mould pores can improve the pore connectivity. NMR effective porosity ofthe shale varies from 0.59% to 4.42% with an average of 2.38%, accounting for 49.54% of the total NMRporosity and 34.53% of the gas porosity. The shale is divided into the unimodal-type felsic shale, bimodaltype felsic shale, carbonate shale and mixed shale. The different lithologies exhibit linear correlationsamong NMR, gas and effective porosities. The shale has effective porosity of 0.56%-4.53% with an averageof 2.12%. Furthermore, the shale reservoir is divided into four classes: Class I reservoir with effectiveporosities of more than 2.5%;Class II1 reservoir with effective porosity of 2.0%-2.5%;Class II2 reservoirwith effective porosity of 1.5%-2%;and Class III reservoir with effective porosity of less than 1.5%.

An artificial intelligence reconstruction of global gridded surface winds

Gridded wind speed data products with global coverage and continuous long-term time series are widely used in many applica-tions,such as evaluating wind energy potential[1]and drought processes[2]However,some available products do not accurately reproduce observed wind speed trends on land[3.4].leading to biased or inaccurate conclusions in studies on wind-related phe-nomena.In-situ weather stations involve direct measurements that accurately preserve wind speed trends.Still,the uneven distribu-tion and incomplete time series have constrained their widespread applications in regional and global analyses.These limitations,which we have encountered firsthand in investigating the global wind silling and reversal phenomena[4].have inspired us to cre-ate a new global gridded surface wind product that preserves observed wind patterns and trends.

Visible light promoted synthesis of N-aroylsulfoximines by oxidative C–H acylation of NH-sulfoximines

The visible light-promoted synthesis of N-aroylsulfoximines has been accomplished via an oxidative dehydrogenative coupling at room temperature under air without the addition of a photosensitizer, metal catalyst, or base. This process exhibits good functional group tolerance, allows facile isolation and purification, and affords N-aroylsulfoximines with high efficiency. The efficiency of the newly developed protocol is described in detail with 27 examples with yields ranging from 80% to 96%.Furthermore, the chirality of the NH-sulfoximine is completely maintained in the desired N-aroylsulfoximine product(>99% ee).

Fermion superfluid with hybridized s-and p-wave pairings

Ever since the pioneering work of Bardeen, Cooper and Schrieffer in the 1950 s, exploring novel pairing mechanisms for fermion superfluids has become one of the central tasks in modern physics. Here, we investigate a new type of fermion superfluid with hybridized s-and p-wave pairings in an ultracold spin-1/2 Fermi gas. Its occurrence is facilitated by the co-existence of comparable s-and p-wave interactions, which is realizable in a two-component 40 K Fermi gas with close-by s-and p-wave Feshbach resonances. The hybridized superfluid state is stable over a considerable parameter region on the phase diagram, and can lead to intriguing patterns of spin densities and pairing fields in momentum space. In particular, it can induce a phase-locked p-wave pairing in the fermion species that has no p-wave interactions. The hybridized nature of this novel superfluid can also be confirmed by measuring the s-and p-wave contacts, which can be extracted from the high-momentum tail of the momentum distribution of each spin component. These results enrich our knowledge of pairing superfluidity in Fermi systems, and open the avenue for achieving novel fermion superfluids with multiple partial-wave scatterings in cold atomic gases.

The survival and development of UK public libraries under the global financial crisis

This paper discusses the survival and development of the public libraries in UK under the current global financial crisis,as well as the severe problems of public funding cuts,public library closures,staff loss and significant decrease in service quality.Specifically,this paper discusses the emergence,development and current situation of UK library crisis from three main perspectives,