Inertial projection algorithms for convex feasibility problem

The purpose of this paper is to apply inertial technique to string averaging projection method and block-iterative projection method in order to get two accelerated projection algorithms for solving convex feasibility problem.Compared with the existing accelerated methods for solving the problem,the inertial technique employs a parameter sequence and two previous iterations to get the next iteration and hence improves the flexibility of the algorithm.Theoretical asymptotic convergence results are presented under some suitable conditions.Numerical simulations illustrate that the new methods have better convergence than the general projection methods.The presented algorithms are inspired by the inertial proximal point algorithm for finding zeros of a maximal monotone operator.

A Summary of the Main Contents and Existing Problems in the Study of Multi-Energy Coupling in Energy Internet

Multi-energy flow (MEF) coupling is one of the key features of the energy Internet and integrated energy systems that are different from smart grids. With the increasing coupling of heterogeneous energy flow, the system characteristics of coupling are becoming more and more obvious and more complicated. The modeling, analysis and control methods of traditional single flow systems have not been applied directly. Therefore, it is necessary to study the modeling of multi-energy flow coupling, the power flow analysis, optimization and control method of heterogeneous energy flow, which plays the role of multi-energy flow synergy to avoid the adverse effects of coupling. This paper summarizes the current research situation of energy Internet at home and abroad from the aspects of modeling of multi-energy flow, power flow calculation and optimal dispatching, and analyzes the existing problems in the research of these aspects.

Joint Flexible Duplexing and Power Allocation with Deep Reinforcement Learning in Cell-Free Massive MIMO System

Network-assisted full duplex(NAFD)cellfree(CF)massive MIMO has drawn increasing attention in 6G evolvement.In this paper,we build an NAFD CF system in which the users and access points(APs)can flexibly select their duplex modes to increase the link spectral efficiency.Then we formulate a joint flexible duplexing and power allocation problem to balance the user fairness and system spectral efficiency.We further transform the problem into a probability optimization to accommodate the shortterm communications.In contrast with the instant performance optimization,the probability optimization belongs to a sequential decision making problem,and thus we reformulate it as a Markov Decision Process(MDP).We utilizes deep reinforcement learning(DRL)algorithm to search the solution from a large state-action space,and propose an asynchronous advantage actor-critic(A3C)-based scheme to reduce the chance of converging to the suboptimal policy.Simulation results demonstrate that the A3C-based scheme is superior to the baseline schemes in term of the complexity,accumulated log spectral efficiency,and stability.

Analysis of the Status and Factors Influencing Anxiety and Depression in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure and Their Primary Caregivers: Empirical Quantitative Research

Objective: This study examined the associations between anxiety, depression, and quality of life among hospitalized patients with chronic heart failure and their primary caregivers. Patients and Methods: Between May and September 2018, the data were collected from 61 patients and their caregivers. Demographic information of CHF patients was collected by questionnaires; the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ) were used to assess CHF patient’s anxiety, depression and quality of life (QOL); the HADS, the Family Caregiver Quality of Life (FAMQOL) were used to assess primary caregivers’ anxiety, depression and QOL. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, independent-sample t-test, one-way analysis of variance and multiple stepwise regression were used in the statistical analysis. SPSS 17.0 was used to manage and perform statistical analyses. Results: Quality of life, anxiety, and depression of the patients and caregivers had significant positive correlations. Gender, quality of life, number of hospitalizations, duration of patients’ heart failure, and the quality of life of caregivers influenced patients’ anxiety. Gender, quality of life, relationship with the patient, and depression of caregivers influenced their anxiety. The quality of life and anxiety of patients influenced their depression. Daily caregiving time, anxiety, relationship with patients, and the patients’ heart function influenced caregivers’ depression. Conclusion: The patients and caregivers experienced anxiety and depression, which interacts and decreases their quality of life. It is important to regularly assess anxiety, depression, and quality of life in patients with chronic heart failure and their primary caregivers.

Identification and bioinformatics analysis of lactate dehydrogenase genes from Echinococcus granulosus

Objective:To identify full length cDNA sequence of lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) from adult Echinococcus granulosus(E.granulosus) and to predict the structure and function of its encoding protein using bioinformatics methods.Methods:With the help of NCBI,EMBI, Expasy and other online sites,the open reading frame(ORF),conserved domain,physical and chemical parameters,signal peptide,epitope,topological structures of the protein sequences were predicted and a homology tertiary structure model was created:Vector NT1 software was used for sequence alignment,phylogenetic tree construction and tertiary structure prediction. Results:The target sequence was 1 233 bp length with a 996 bp biggest ORF encoding 331 amino acids protein with typical L-LDH conserved domain.It was confirmed as full length cDNA of LDH from E.granulosus and named as EgLDH(GenBank accession number:HM748917).The predicted molecular weight and isoelectric point of the deduced protein were 3 5516.2Da and 6.32 respectively.Compared with LDHs from Taenia solium,Taenia saginata asiatica,Spirometra erinaceieuropaei.Schistosoma japonicum,Clonorchis sinensis and human,it showed similarity of 86% ,85% ,55% ,58% ,58% and 53% ,respectively.EgLDH contained 3 putative transmembrane regions and 4 major epitopes(54aa-59aa.81aa-87aa,97aa-102aa,307aa-313aa),the latter were significant different from the corresponding regions of human LDH.In addition,some NAD and substrate binding sites located on epitopes 54aa-59aa and 97aa-102aa,respectively.Tertiary structure prediction showed that 3 key catalytic residues 105R,165D and 192H forming a catalytic center near the epitope 97aa-102aa,most NAD and substrate binding sites located around the center.Conclusions:The full length cDNA sequences of EgLDH were identified.It encoded a putative transmembrane protein which might be an ideal target molecule for vaccine and drugs.

microRNA-18a Promotes Cell Migration and Invasion Through Inhibiting Dicer l Expression in Hepatocellular Carcinoma In Vitro

Objective To investigate the effects of microRNA-18a(miR-18a) on migration and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) cells,and its possible mechanism associated with Dicer l. Methods HepG 2 and HepG 2.2.15 cells were transfected with miR-18 a inhibitor using Lipofectamine. Cell invasion was evaluated by transwell invasion assay,and cell migration was detected by transwell migration and wound-healing assays. Moreover,luciferase reporter assay was used to identify whether Dicer expression was regulated by miR-18 a. Real-time RT-PCR and western blot were performed to analyze Dicer 1 expression. In addition,a functional restoration assay was performed to investigate whether miR-18 a promotes HCC cell migration and invasion by directly targeting Dicer 1. Results miR-18 a inhibitor can suppress the migration and invasion of HCC cells. Furthermore,suppression of Dicer l expression by small interfering RNA essentially abolished the inhibition of cell migration and invasion induced by miR-18 a inhibitor,restorating these activities to levels similar to the parental HCC cells. Interestingly,suppression of miR-18 a in HCC cells resulted in enhanced expression of Dicer l. In addition,the results of a luciferase assay demonstrated targeted regulation of Dicer l by miR-18 a. Conclusion Our findings suggest that miR-18 a promotes migration and invasion of HCC cells by inhibiting Dicer l expression.

Influence of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha on neuronal apoptosis in a rat model of hypoxia-or hypoxia-ischemia-induced brain injury

BACKGROUND： In addition to neuroprotective genes, the targeted genes of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α （HIF-1α） include pro-apoptotic genes. However, the influence of HIF-1α on neuronal apoptosis in hypoxia-ischemia remains poorly understood. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the relationship between HIF-1α expression and neuronal apoptosis in hypoxia or hypoxia-ischemia brain injury and to determine the role of HIF-1α in regulating neuronal apoptosis. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A randomized, controlled animal experiment was performed at the Laboratory of Children Neurology of Sichuan University between May 2006 and May 2007. MATERIALS： In situ cell death detected kit was provided by Roche, USA; rabbit anti-mouse HIF-1α polyclonal antibody was purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnologies, USA; rabbit anti-mouse cleaved caspase-3 polyclonal antibody was purchased from Chemicon, USA. METHODS： A total of 36 Sprague Dawley rats aged 10 days were randomly assigned to 3 groups： sham-surgery, hypoxia, and hypoxia-ischemia, with 12 rats per group. The rats were treated at 3 time points： 4, 8, and 24 hours, with 4 rats per time point. In the hypoxia-ischemia group, the right common carotid artery was exposed and permanently ligated through a midline cervical incision. A 2.5-hour exposure to hypoxia （8% O2/92% N2） was used to induce hypoxia-ischemia injury. In the hypoxia group, rats were exposed to hypoxia without ligation of the common carotid artery. In the sham-surgery group, the common carotid artery was exposed without ligation or hypoxia. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Histopathological changes, HIF-1α and activated caspase-3 protein expression, integrated optical density of positive cells, and apoptosis-positive cells. RESULTS： Hematoxylin and eosin staining showed that neuronal degeneration and edema was most prominent at 24 hours after hypoxia-ischemia. HIF-1α protein expression was significantly upregulated at 4 hours, peaked at 8 hours, and decreased at 24 hours after hypoxia or hypoxia-ischemia. HIF-1α protein expression was significant greater in the hypoxia and hypoxia-ischemia groups compared with the sham-surgery group （P 〈 0.01）. Activated caspase-3 protein expression began to increase at 4 and 8 hours following hypoxia or hypoxia-ischemia and was significantly upregulated at 24 hours. Activated caspase-3 protein expression remained at low levels in the sham controls compared with the hypoxia and hypoxia-ischemia groups （P〈 0.01）. TUNEL staining showed that the number of apoptotic cells significantly increased at 24 hours after hypoxia or hypoxia-ischemia. In addition, HIF-1α protein expression was greater in the hypoxia group compared with the hypoxia-ischemia group at the same time point （P 〈 0.05）. However, activated caspase-3 expression and the number of TUNEL-positive cells were less in the hypoxia group compared with the hypoxia-ischemia group at the same time point （P〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： HIF-1α played a neuroprotective role following hypoxia-ischemia brain injury.

Effect of artmether,hemin and Fe^(3+) on recombinant lactate dehydrogenase from Schistosoma japonicum

Objective:To explore antischitosome effects of artemether,hemin and Fe on S/LDH.Methods: Enzyme activity of rS/LDH was assayed in the standard reaction system by adding different concentration of reagents(0.00-0.10 mM artemether,0.00-0.02 mM hemin,0.00-0.50 mM Fe3+). Same solvents of the each reagent were used as control.Results:There was no enzyme activity inhibition observed at 0.10 mM artemther:obivious inhibition for lactate oxidation reaction and pyruvate reduction reaction were detected at 0.002 mM and 0.004 mM of hemin,respectively: comparing with that of the control（P【0.05）.The relative enzymatic activity inhibitions for pyruvate reduction reaction and lactate oxidation reaction at 0.02 mM hemin were 93.48%and 100.00%,respectively,comparing with that of the control（P【0.01）:both pyruvate reduction and lactate oxidation reaction were inhibited completely at 0.50 mM Fe3+,comparing with that of the control（P【0.01）.Conclusions:The results implied that SjLDH was not the direct molecular target of artemether.Hemin and Fe are inhibitors of SjLDH.

评估一款离焦微透镜设计镜片控制近视的有效性和安全性

近年来各种离焦设计控制近视的眼镜镜片大量涌现,但由于目前我国尚无规范统一的针对离焦设计镜片的评估方法,致使专业验配人员在对此类镜片进行选择时遇到困难。没有充分疗效以及安全保障的镜片还会增加儿童青少年应用这类产品的风险。因此,来自豪雅专家顾问团的15位近视防控专家基于当前的循证证据和实践经验,给出了一个全面评估离焦微透镜近视控制镜片的有效性和安全性的建议。该建议从产品光学设计所遵循的近视防控基本原理、工业化生产的产品品质保证、近视控制有效性和安全性临床试验的证据等级、试验持续时间、是否公开发表和发表等级等方面进行了说明和阐述,并给出了长期配戴是否持续有效和是否存在停戴反弹等方面评估的建议。

Saturation-Value Blind Color Image Deblurring with Geometric Spatial-Feature Prior

Blind deblurring for color images has long been a challenging computer vision task.The intrinsic color structures within image channels have typically been disregarded in many excellent works.We investigate employing regularizations in the hue,saturation,and value(HSV)color space via the quaternion framework in order to better retain the internal relationship among the multiple channels and reduce color distortions and color artifacts.We observe that a geometric spatial-feature prior utilized in the intermediate latent image successfully enhances the kernel accuracy for the blind deblurring variational models,preserving the salient edges while decreasing the unfavorable structures.Motivated by this,we develop a saturation-value geometric spatial-feature prior in the HSV color space via the quaternion framework for blind color image deblurring,which facilitates blur kernel estimation.An alternating optimization strategy combined with a primal-dual projected gradient method can effectively solve this novel proposed model.Extensive experimental results show that our model outperforms state-of-the-art methods in blind color image deblurring by a wide margin,demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed model.

Association between monoamine oxidase A gene promoter 30 bp repeat polymorphism and tardive dyskinesia in Chinese schizophrenics

BACKGROUND ： The pathophysiology of tardive dyskinesia （TD） is not yet fully understood. With the hypothesis of altered dopaminergic neurotransmission, altered activities of dopamine degrading enzymes such as monoamine oxidase A （MAOA） and their coding genes are supposed to be related to the pathophysiology of TD. OBJECTIVE： To investigate possible association between 30 bp variable number tandem repeat （VNTR） polymorphism in the promoter of MAOA gene and susceptibility, severity of neuroleptic induced TD in Chinese Han people in Guandong Province. DESIGN ： Non-randomization-synchronization controlled study.SETTING： Guangdong Mental Health Institute, Guangdong Provincial People＇s Hospital; Guangzhou Psychiatric Hospital; Affiliated Psychiatric Hospital of Guangzhou Municipal Bureau of Civil Administration. PARTICIPANTS： A total of 179 subjects were enrolled in the study. All subjects were sporadic and genetically unrelated Chinese schizophrenic patients who were hospitalizing in Guangzhou Psychiatric Hospital or Affiliated Psychiatric Hospital of Guangzhou Municipal Bureau of Civil Administration during January to April 2005. The diagnosis of schizophrenia was made according to the criteria of Diagnostic and Statistic Manual of Mental Disorder-the third edition-revised （DSM-Ⅲ-R）. Among all patients, 88 were diagnosed as with TD and 91 without TD according to the research diagnostic criteria described by Schooler-Kane. Informed consent was obtained from all subjects or their relatives. METHODS ： ① TD seventy was assessed with the AIMS which was a 5-degree rating scale from 0 to 4 （corresponding to none, minimal, mild, moderate and severe, respectively）. The study was approved by the Ethics Committees of the two hospitals and informed consent was obtained from all subjects or their relatives. ② The polymerase chain reaction （PCR） and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis （PAGE） techniques were used to detect MAOA gene 30 bp VNTR polymorphism in schizophrenic patients with and without TD. ③ The differences in genotype and allele frequencies between two groups were compared with chi-square test and severity of TD rated by Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale （AIMS） among TD patients with different genotypes or alleles were compared with one way ANOVA test or independent-samples t test. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Demographic and clinical variables including sex, age, duration of illness, cumulative exposure to neuroleptic drugs, times of hospitalization, of all patients; AIMS scores in TD patients; MAOA gene polymorphic allelic and genotypic frequencies in all subjects. RESULTS： All 179 subjects were involved in the final analysis. No one was dropped out in this study.Only 3- and 4-fold repeat alleles were observed in all subjects. Data was stratified and analyzed by gender because MAOA gene was located on the X chromosome. No significant differences were found in genotypic （X^2=2.437, P 〉 0.05） nor allelic （X^2=2.233, P 〉 0.05） frequencies of MAOA gene between patients with TD and without TD in female subjects, and no significant differences in allelic frequencies between male TD and non-TD patients （X^2 =1.750, P 〉 0.05）. And there were no significant differences in mean AIMS scores among female TD patients with different MAOA genotypes （F=1.190, P 〉 0.05） and between male TD patients carrying different alleles （t =0.378, P〉 0.05）. CONCLUSION ： The results do not support any associations between MAOA gene 30 bp VNTR polymorphism and susceptibility nor severity of TD in schizophrenia in Chinese Han people.

Progress on radiomics and radiogenomics and their applications in breast cancer:A survey

Radiomics is an emerging analytical approach in the medical field that extracts high-throughput quantitative features from multiple imaging data and builds models for cancer diagnosis,prog-nosis,and treatment by machine learning or deep learning.Radiomics allows radiologists to ob-tain a more complete picture of the tumor in a noninvasive way than by reading radiographs.Radiogenomics incorporates genomics on top of radiomics to analyze the potential relationship between imaging features and tumor genetic status,enabling biological profiling of the causes of tumor heterogeneity,and its development of biomarkers will be of great help for personal-ized treatment.Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer among women worldwide today,and this survey aims to summarize the progress on radiomics and radiogenomics,their applications in breast cancer,and discuss the issues that need to be addressed before radiomics and radio-genomics can be used in clinic.From the literature,it can be concluded that radiomics and ra-diogenomics have a high potential for differentiating malignant and benign breast lesions to as-sess breast cancer types and lymph node status,as well as to predict neoadjuvant chemotherapy response,risk of recurrence and survival outcomes,especially in the context of the rapid devel-opment of artificial intelligence technologies,promising early realization of precision medicine.

Aggregated carbon dots-loaded macrophages treat sepsis by eliminating multidrug-resistant bacteria and attenuating inflammation

Sepsis,caused by uncontrollable infection and inflammatory response,leads to more than 30 million infected patients and results in high morbidity worldwide every year.Currently,no efficient approaches have been developed for sepsis therapy due to antimicrobial resistance and inflammatory storm.Here,we report macrophages loaded with aggregated carbon dots(ACDs)in the lysosome,termed MCDs,to treat sepsis in immunosuppressive mice.The ACDs are constructed by negative CDs and amine-abundant polyethyleneimine(PEI),enabling them to bear the strong antibacterial ability and enhanced photoluminescent efficacy.The ACDs are specifically located in the macrophage lysosomes,efficiently enhancing the multidrug-resistant bacteria-killing ability of MCDs.More importantly,the MCDs possess superior anti-inflammatory effects such as reducing the number of pro-inflammatory(M1)and stimulating anti-inflammatory(M2)macrophages.These effects upregulate the inflammatory cytokines(TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-4,and IL-10),ultimately resulting in increased sepsis survival.Our work provides an intelligent approach to overcoming multidrug-resistant bacteria-induced infection from sepsis patients and paves a new avenue on employing nanoparticle-loaded cells for combating inflammation-related infection.

Efficient elimination of multidrug-resistant bacteria using copper sulfide nanozymes anchored to graphene oxide nanosheets

Antibacterial nanomaterials have attracted growing interest for bacterial infection therapy.However,most nanomaterials eliminate bacteria either physically or chemically,which hampers their efficacy when dealing with multidrug-resistant bacteria.To overcome this,we integrated copper sulfide(CuS)nanoparticles with active graphene oxide nanosheets(GO NSs)to synthesize a superior nanocomposite(CuS/GO NC)that acts both physically and chemically on the bacteria.CuS/GO NC was produced using a facile hydrothermal method,whereby the CuS nanoparticles grew and were uniformly dispersed on the GO NSs in situ.We found that the CuS/GO NC possesses a unique needle-like morphology that physically damages the bacterial cell membrane.CuS/GO NC also exhibits high oxidase-and peroxidase-like activity,ensuring efficient generation of the reactive oxygen species•OH from H2O2,which kills bacteria chemically.These features endow the CuS/GO NC with excellent antibacterial capabilities to kill multidrug-resistant bacteria such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)with only a single dose.Additionally,it was found that the CuS/GO NC accelerated the healing of infected wounds in vivo owing to its good biocompatibility as well as facilitation of cell migration and collagen secretion.This study provides a new strategy to combine the physical and chemical antibacterial modes of nanomaterials to develop more effective therapies to combat multidrug-resistant bacterial infections.

Promoting Bone Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Inhibiting Bacterial Adhesion of Acid-Etched Nanostructured Titanium by Ultraviolet Functionalization

Titanium(Ti) and its alloys are used extensively in orthopedic implants because of their excellent biocompatibility,mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. However,titanium-based implant materials face many severe complications,such as implant loosening due to poor osseointegration and bacterial infections,which may lead to implant failure. Hence,preparing a biomaterial surface,which enhances the interactions with host cells and inhibits bacterial adhesion,may be an optimal strategy to reduce the incidence of implant failure. This study aims to improve osseointegration and confer antibacterial properties on Ti through a combination of two surface modifications including nanostructuring generated by acid etching and ultraviolet(UV) light treatment.Our results showed that without UV treatment,the acid etching treatment of Ti surface was effective at both improving the adhesion of bone mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs) and increasing bacterial adhesion. A further UV treatment of the acid-etched surface however,not only significantly improved the cell adhesion but also inhibited bacterial adhesion. The acid-etched nanostructured titanium with UV treatment also showed a significant enhancement on cell proliferation,alkaline phosphatase(ALP) activity and mineralization. These results suggest that such nanostructured materials with UV treatment can be expected to have a good potential in orthopedic applications.

Hormesis-like growth and photosynthetic physiology of marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum Bohlin exposed to polystyrene microplastics

The effects of pristine polystyrene microplastics(pMPs)without any pretreatment at different concentrations(0,10,20,50,and 100 mg/L)on Phaeodactylum tricornutum Bohlin at two initial algae densities(105 and 106 cells/mL)were assessed in this study.Hormesis-like effects were found when microalgae grew with pMPs.The results showed that pMPs inhibited microalgae growth under a high concentration of microplastics tolerated by individual algal cell(low initial algae density)(up to-80.189.71%)but promoted growth when the situation was opposite(up to 15.273.66%).The contents of photosynthetic pigments including chlorophyll a,chlorophyll c and carotenoids showed resistance to pMPs stress under a low initial algae density and increased with time,but the opposite was true under a high initial algae density.Compared with the low initial algae density group,Qp received less inhibition,and NPQ(heat dissipation)also decreased under the high initial algae density.Under the low initial algae density,OJIP parameters such as Sm,N,Area,Pi Abs,ѱo,φEo,TRo/RC and ETo/RC were more perturbed initially and returned to the levels of the control group(without pMPs)over time,but they remained stable throughout the experiment at high initial algae density.These results show that microplastics in the marine environment may have different toxic effects on P.tricornutum at different growth stages,which is of great significance for understanding the impact of microplastics on marine microalgae and aquatic ecosystems.

Knockdown of hepatocyte Perilipin-3 mitigates hepatic steatosis and steatohepatitis caused by hepatocyte CGI-58 deletion in mice

Comparative gene identification-58(CGI-58),also known asα/βhydrolase domain containing 5,is the co-activator of adipose triglyceride lipase that hydrolyzes triglycerides stored in the cytosolic lipid droplets.Mutations in CGI-58 gene cause Chanarin-Dorfman syndrome(CDS),an autosomal recessive neutral lipid storage disease with ichthyosis.The liver pathology of CDS manifests as steatosis and steatohepatitis,which currently has no effective treatments.Perilipin-3(Plin3)is a member of the Perilipin-ADRP-TIP47 protein family that is essential for lipid droplet biogenesis.The objective of this study was to test a hypothesis that deletion of a major lipid droplet protein alleviates fatty liver pathogenesis caused by CGI-58 deficiency in hepatocytes.Adult CGI-58-floxed mice were injected with adeno-associated vectors simultaneously expressing the Cre recombinase and microRNA against Plin3 under the control of a hepatocyte-specific promoter,followed by high-fat diet feeding for 6 weeks.Liver and blood samples were then collected from these animals for histological and biochemical analysis.Plin3 knockdown in hepatocytes prevented steatosis,steatohepatitis,and necroptosis caused by hepatocyte CGI-58 deficiency.Our work is the first to show that inhibiting Plin3 in hepatocytes is sufficient to mitigate hepatocyte CGI-58 deficiency-induced hepatic steatosis and steatohepatitis in mice.

An intelligent wireless transmission toward 6G

With the deployment and commercial application of 5G,researchers start to think of 6G,which could meet more diversified and deeper intelligent communication requirements.In this paper,a four physical elements,i.e.,man,machine,object,and genie,featured 6G concept is introduced.Genie is explained as a new element toward 6G.This paper focuses on the genie realization as an intelligent wireless transmission toward 6G,including sematic information theory,end-to-end artificial intelligence(AI)joint transceiver design,intelligent wireless transmission block design,and user-centric intelligent access.A comprehensive state-of-the-art of each key technology is presented and main questions as well as some novel suggestions are given.Genie will work comprehensively in 6G wireless communication and other major industrial vertical,while its realization is concrete and step by step.It is realized that genie-based wireless communication link works with high intelligence and performs better than that controlled manually.

A Comparative Study of Fibroblast Behaviors under Cyclic Stress Stimulus and Static Culture on 3D Patterned Matrix

Mechanical stress and patterned surface of the scaffolds has been recognized as a crucial factor in determining cell func- tionality and tissue development, which in turn can direct the cell responses. In this study, fibroblasts M-3T3 in three-dimensional （3D） honeycomb patterning Chitosan/Poly（L-Lactic Acid） （CS/PLLA） composites was stimulated by a 15% sinusoidal （1 Hz） strain applied by a biodynamic test instrument. The effects of mechanical stimulus on the cell proliferation and basic Fibroblast Growth Factor （bFGF） secretion were studied in comparison to the non-strain groups and blank control. Results show that fibroblasts are able to sense the mechanical stimulation and respond, resulting in a time dependent increase of bFGF secretion and promoting cell proliferation. Moreover, the cells seeded in the scaffolds showed a higher cell proliferation and bFGF secretion. These findings support the hypothesis that suitable mechanical stimulus has positive effect on fibroblasts, and such a 3D honeycomb patterned scaffold may play a positive role in regulating cell behaviors in vitro.