Clinical Value of Echocardiographic Screening and Dynamic Observations for Ductus Arteriosus Closure in Newborns

Objective:To explore and analyze the clinical value of echocardiography screening and dynamic observation for ductus arteriosus closure in newborns.Methods:The study was conducted from August 2022 to December 2023.500 newborns who were admitted to our hospital were selected as research subjects for this study(Kunming Tongren Hospital).All subjects underwent echocardiography to determine the severity of patent ductus arteriosus(PDA).The inner diameter of the pulmonary artery was measured,and the pulmonary artery pressure was estimated through tricuspid regurgitation.If the patient had high pulmonary artery pressure,elective closure surgery was performed.Results:Among the 500 subjects,448 cases of ductus arteriosus closure and 52 cases of PDA were detected by echocardiography,including 23 cases of simple PDA,15 cases with patent foramen ovale,11 cases with atrial septal defect,1 case with muscular ventricular septal defect,1 case with tricuspid valve prolapse,and 1 case with tricuspid valve chordae tendineae rupture.After symptomatic treatment and intervention,their echocardiogram results were reviewed and no abnormalities were found.All measurement results of children with PDA combined with pulmonary hypertension were better than before treatment(P<0.05).Conclusion:Echocardiography is a fast,accurate,and reliable non-invasive imaging examination technology.It can significantly improve congenital heart disease detection rate in infants and young children.Early intervention based on the examination results can dramatically improve the quality of life of infants and young children with PDA.

Mobile Edge Computing Servers Deployment with Improved Genetic Algorithm in Cellular Internet of Things

Mobile edge computing(MEC)provides services to devices and reduces latency in cellular internet of things(IoT)networks.However,the challenging problem is how to deploy MEC servers economically and efficiently.This paper investigates the deployment problem of MEC servers of the real-world road network by employing an improved genetic algorithm(GA)scheme.We first use the threshold-based K-means algorithm to form vehicle clusters according to their locations.We then select base stations(BSs)based on clustering center coordinates as the deployment locations set for potential MEC servers.We further select BSs using a combined simulated annealing(SA)algorithm and GA to minimize the deployment cost.The simulation results show that the improved GA deploys MEC servers effectively.In addition,the proposed algorithm outperforms GA and SA algorithms in terms of convergence speed and solution quality.

Contact lens as an emerging platform for ophthalmic drug delivery:A systematic review

The number of people with eye diseases has increased with the use of electronics.However,the bioavailability of eye drops remains low owing to the presence of the ocular barrier and other reasons.Although many drug delivery systems have been developed to overcome these problems,they have certain limitations.In recent years,the development of contact lenses that can deliver drugs for long periods with high bioavailability and without affecting vision has increased the interest in using contact lenses for drug delivery.Hence,a review of the current state of research on drug delivery contact lenses has become crucial.This article reviews the key physical and chemical properties of drug-laden contact lenses,development and classification of contact lenses,and features of the commonly used materials.A review of the methods commonly used in current research to create contact lenses has also been presented.An overview on how drug-laden contact lenses can overcome the problems of high burst and short release duration has been discussed.Overall,the review focuses on drug delivery methods using smart contact lenses,and predicts the future direction of research on contact lenses.

健康治理:健康社会与健康中国建设的新范式

健康不仅是一种身体状态,也是一种重要的治理能力。自1844年英国城镇健康协会成立以来,健康的概念不断发展,不仅从生理健康扩展到了精神健康和全面健康,也从传统的人口(或个体)健康逐渐扩展到了区域健康和生态社会系统健康。因此,无论国际还是国内的健康管理和研究都经历了从人口健康、区域健康到生态社会系统健康的发展历程和范式变迁。论文在总结国内外健康管理发展历程、范式变迁以及我国健康管理基本经验的基础上,提出了建设健康社会和健康中国的健康管理新范式——健康治理,强调从生理到社会的全健康内涵、从政治到生态的全健康领域、从个体到国家乃至全球的全健康层次、从政府到公众的全健康主体、从事物和人生全过程到全世代可持续发展的全健康过程的综合性"五全"健康管理;并分析了当前我国健康治理所面临的问题,提出了相应的政策建议。

熔体流淌条件对橡胶生胶燃烧行为的影响

为探究熔体流淌条件对橡胶生胶燃烧行为的影响,文中选取天然橡胶(NR)、顺丁橡胶(BR)和丁苯橡胶(SBR)为研究对象,在自制熔体流淌火灾试验装置上进行燃烧实验,得到质量损失速率(MLR)、气相温度、池火面积等数据。研究结果表明,流淌燃烧条件下3种橡胶的MLR峰值、气相温度和燃烧速度均高于不流淌燃烧条件的,且燃烧时间缩短为不流淌燃烧时的一半,这与熔体流淌扩大了池火的面积有关。流淌条件下橡胶的MLR与池火面积呈线性关系,达到相同MLR时的池火面积大小顺序为NR>SBR>BR。气相温度峰值大小顺序为BR>NR>SBR,这与橡胶样品的平均有效燃烧热(AEHC)、MLR峰值和池火面积有关。

此世品格与知止的文明

不在这看似不完满的世界之上设想某种完满的存在,而是以最勇敢和朴素的态度看待"如此这般"的这个世界,努力在生生变化中"成己"并"成物",是中国文明总体世界观的基本品格。知止精神是这种此世品格的自然延伸,它突出地体现在敬畏世界、"赞天地之化育"而非追求"全知"的态度中,并从面对不同国家或文明、自我与他人之关系等方面塑造了中国文明基本特征。中国文明的强大生命力与此有关,中国文明的复兴还可能是解决文明冲突的那把钥匙。

建设整体性国家监管体系--政府、社会、市场的有效协同

如何建立有效的国家监管体系,是我国国家治理现代化建设需要面对的重要问题。鉴于监管问题日趋复杂,当前我国的国家监管体系应当从单一性政府监管体系向整体性国家监管体系转变。整体性国家监管体系由政府监管、社会监管和市场监管共同构成。建立有效的整体性国家监管体系,需要做到三点:一是优化上下、左右、内外协同的有效政府监管体系,增强政府监管的现代化、法治化、专业化和智能化,提高政府监管能力;二是培育强大的社会监管体系,鼓励各种社会力量和个体的有效参与,提高社会监管能力:三是发展市场监管体系,完善市场机制,建立市场化监管组织,提高市场监管能力。当然,必须明确监管有效并不代表社会有效,应以社会有效来衡量监管有效。

非洲猪瘟的防控关键技术

非洲猪瘟传入我国以来,给我国养猪业造成了巨大的损失。非洲猪瘟可防可控,文章从消灭传染源、切断传播途径、保护易感猪群方面介绍了构建猪场生物安全体系的防控技术。

环保型碳纳米材料在光催化制氢方面的应用

化石能源的发现和应用是工业文明快速发展的基础.然而,化石燃料的过渡开发和消耗导致能源短缺和环境污染问题日益突出.因此,迫切需要采用清洁能源替代化石能源.其中,氢气(H_(2))因具有热值高、无污染等优点而被认为是最有前途的清洁能源之一.目前,应用较多且比较成熟的制氢技术有电催化法、部分氧化法、自热重整法、甲醇重整法、蒸汽重整法和生物法.但是,这些技术的能耗和成本都比较高.光催化制氢技术可实现太阳能的转化和利用,被认为是解决能源短缺和环境污染问题的有效方法之一,受到广泛关注.光催化制氢主要采用贵金属催化剂,但贵金属稀缺且成本高,严重限制了其大规模应用.因此,迫切需要寻找一种便宜、高效和稳定的光催化制氢催化剂.碳纳米结构材料(CNMs)具有优异的结构和半导体性能,包括良好的导电性、较大的比表面积、较好的热稳定性和化学稳定性,可以有效地参与光催化制氢.此外,CNMs和光催化剂的结合可以增强反应物的吸附位点和活性中心,加速电荷分离和传输,抑制光激发的电子-空穴对的复合.同时,CNMs可以减少催化剂颗粒的聚集,改善催化剂颗粒的分布.CNMs还具有光敏性或光热效应,可以大大提高光催化制氢的效率.特别是CNMs价格低,可大幅度降低用于光催化分解制氢催化剂的成本,使实现工业化应用成为可能,因而,大量CNMs用于光催化水分解制氢领域.本文综述了碳点、富勒烯、纳米管、石墨烯和石墨炔等碳纳米材料在光催化制氢领域的广泛应用,总结了其在光催化制氢过程中作为光催化剂、助催化剂和光敏剂的应用.介绍了近年研究人员在光催化制氢中所采取的增强CNMs活性的策略.最后,展望了CNMs在光催化制氢方面所面临的挑战和机遇.

无碱溶液中的甘油选择性氧化:简短的综述（英文）

生物柴油是一种重要的"绿色能源",它燃烧性能好,生产原料来源广泛,可再生,已经成为欧美等国广泛使用的绿色燃料.但是,采用甘油三酯通过酯交换生产生物柴油的同时,甘油作为副产物也大量生成.据统计, 2015年全球生物柴油基甘油的产量已经超过350万吨,因此将过剩的甘油转化为其他更有价值的化学品具有重要意义.本文首先介绍了目前文献中广泛报道的甘油转化工艺,如氧化、氢解、脱水、酯化、醚化、酯交换、聚合等及上述反应可以制备的一系列化学品,然后结合我们课题组的研究进展,详细论述了甘油选择氧化的催化剂和反应工艺.采用分子氧作为氧化剂,在固体催化剂作用下,甘油可以氧化成二羟基丙酮、甘油酸、甘油醛等具有高附加值的精细化学品.在发表的文献中,单一的Pt, Pd, Au催化剂,以及多组分的Au-Pt, Au-Pd, Pt-Bi, Pt-Cu, Pt-Sb, Pt-Co催化剂等在液相甘油氧化反应中的活性规律及构效关系已经被广泛报道.早期的研究结果普遍认为,碱性助剂在甘油氧化反应中起着举足轻重的作用,这是因为反应溶液中的OHˉ可以促进甘油的初始脱氢,是开启氧化过程的必要步骤.但是,碱的加入会导致产物以盐的形式存在,必须通过进一步的分离和中和才能得到最终产物,这些步骤有可能在数据分析和机理研究中带来误差.因此,在无碱溶液下进行甘油氧化并得到较高的甘油转化率和目的产物选择性具有重要意义.近几年来,有关在酸性溶液中(不添加碱性助剂)将甘油高效氧化的催化剂及其反应机理的研究得到了广泛认可和快速发展.本文详细介绍了单一的Pt催化剂以及Au, Cu, Pd, Co等改进的Pt催化剂在甘油氧化制备甘油酸反应中的活性规律和构效关系,讨论了金属形貌、载体的组成和结构、反应条件等的影响以及甘油氧化反应机理等.同时,本文还特别涉及在甘油氧化制二羟基丙酮反应中一些双金属催化剂(如Pt-Bi和Pt-Sb)的特殊结构和作用机理,对比了助剂与Pt的结合模式(如site-block和合金)及其与甘油活化、中间产物转化之间的关系.依据上述文献并结合最新Au/CuO催化剂活性规律的研究进展,我们认为二羟基丙酮是甘油氧化的初始产物,但由于二羟基丙酮很不稳定,极易进一步氧化成甘油酸及其它深度氧化产物,因此Pt-Bi和Pt-Sb催化剂中Bi和Sb等助剂的主要作用可归结为抑止二羟基丙酮的进一步氧化.最后,本文介绍了最近报道的在固定床反应器中进行的甘油连续氧化反应的催化剂及其活性规律.

环保型增塑聚氯乙烯的热响应形状记忆性能与机理

采用环保型增塑剂乙酰基柠檬酸三丁酯(ATBC)制备了具有较宽玻璃化转变温域的增塑聚氯乙烯(PVC),研究了开关温度(T_(s))的选择对材料形状记忆性能的影响。增塑PVC的形状固定率始终接近100%,与T_(s)大小无关,但当T_(s)从70℃升高到100℃,形状回复率由91.5%降至85.5%,回复速率和回复应力也同时劣化。在低的T_(s)下进行同条件拉伸时,增塑PVC高的储能模量赋予其更强的弹性能贮存能力,可提供更大的回复应力,进而加速回复过程。机理研究表明,增塑PVC的形状记忆效应源于微晶和无定形分子链的协同作用,PVC微晶作为物理交联点,充当固定相,其结构和含量在形状记忆前后不变,无定形分子链基于T_(s)的选定划分为软链和硬链部分,分别充当可逆相和第二固定相。提高T_(s)会增大软链比例,加剧分子链滑移,而硬链的减少弱化了固定相对分子链滑移的抑制作用,最终导致形状回复率的降低。

氮掺杂碳负载Sb@PtSb2催化剂的制备及其在甘油选择性氧化反应中的应用（英文）

甘油是生物柴油生产过程中生成的副产物,随着生物柴油产量的快速增长,甘油的量也迅速增加.据估计,到2020年甘油的产量将比需求量高出6倍.因此,将过剩的甘油转化为其它更有价值的化学品具有重要意义.在已经发表的文献中,各种碳材料负载的Pt催化剂被广泛应用于液相中甘油的选择性氧化.但是,由于Pt纳米颗粒与碳载体之间相互作用较弱,因此Pt纳米颗粒易团聚和流失,而且Pt的过度氧化和有机羧酸的强吸附也导致Pt催化剂失活.最近的研究表明,采用含氮的碳载体可以增强Pt与载体间的相互作用,这种载体还有可能将电子转移给Pt,从而有效提高Pt的分散度、活性和稳定性.与此同时,引入其它金属如Co,Cu,Bi,Sb等与Pt形成合金也能有效改善催化剂的活性和稳定性.我们在前期工作中曾经发现多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)负载的PtSb合金在甘油氧化反应中具有很高的活性和二羟基丙酮选择性,可以抑制C-C裂解,并提高了催化剂的稳定性.但是在MWCNTs上组装PtSb颗粒的过程繁琐且危险,需要对载体进行氧化(浓硝酸)、嫁接硫醇、浸渍金属、高温还原等,同时MWCNTs的价格也较高.本文采用简单的热解方法将氮和锑同时引入到碳基载体中,并用此载体制备了具有核壳结构的Sb@PtSb2/NC催化剂.首先将葡萄糖、三聚氰胺和SbCl3混合后在氮气中于700 ℃热解得到含Sb和N的多孔碳载体,再通过浸渍还原法将Pt还原并负载到该载体上即得到具有核壳结构的Sb@PtSb2/NC催化剂.该催化剂对催化甘油氧化具有较高的活性,同时具有较好的稳定性.氮气吸附表征表明,引入N和Sb都能提高载体的比表面积和孔体积,其中Sb的引入使得催化剂表面形成了多孔结构(SEM表征).XRD、TEM和EDS表征证明了具有核壳结构的Sb@PtSb2颗粒在载体表面上的生成.Raman光谱表明N和Sb的引入增加了碳缺陷,有可能带来新的活性位点.O2-TPD表征表明Sb@PtSb2/NC对氧的吸附量远高于Pt/NC,这可能归因于PtSb2合金中Pt-Sb金属间的原子间距增大,有利于氧的吸附和表面扩散,从而显著提高了催化剂活性.XPS表征表明了从N到Pt的电子转移,而这种富含电子的Pt具有更高的活性.将制备的催化剂用于考评催化甘油氧化的活性,发现相比于Pt/NC,Sb@PtSb2/NC催化剂催化甘油氧化具有显著增加的活性,二羟基丙酮选择性也明显提高,在60 ℃,0.6 MPaO2气氛下,100 mg催化剂与5 mL 0.2 g/mL甘油水溶液反应3 h得到了65.3%的甘油转化率,以及39.2%的二羟基丙酮选择性和51.8%的甘油酸选择性.这可能归因于载体比表面积的增加、更多的碳缺陷,以及PtSb2合金的形成.使用五次后的催化剂仍保持较高的催化活性,证实了该催化剂具有较好的稳定性.

如何防止转型期公共政策公共性的流失?——基于四种类型划分的案例比较研究

随着中国社会转型的推进和利益的日趋多元化,如何防止公共政策公共性的流失成为重要的现实问题和学术问题。为全面探究转型期公共政策公共性的流失发生原因,论文使用类型学研究方法对公共政策公共性的流失现象进行了类型划分,从“流失阶段”和“动力来源”两个维度,将其划分为“源头自利型”“源头捕获型”“下游自利型”“下游捕获型”四个类型,并根据每个类型的特点,选取了对应的典型性案例。通过比较上述类型及案例,发现防止公共政策公共性的流失要做到:通过有效制衡制约公权力自利性;保障民众和社会组织有效参与政策议程;对行政自由裁量权进行必要束缚;完善腐败治理体系以防止公权力被捕获。

Future 5G-Oriented System for Urban Rail Transit:Opportunities and Challenges

As a development direction of urban rail transit system,the train autonomous circumambulate system(TACS)can operate in a safer,more efficient,and more economical mode.However,most urban rail transit systems transmit signals through industrial,scientific,and medical(ISM)frequency bands or narrow frequency bands,which cannot meet the requirements of TACS.As a promising solution,the 5th generation(5G)mobile communication provides more services for the future urban rail transit systems,and covers the shortages of exiting communication technologies in terms of capacity and reliability.In this paper,we first briefly review the research status of current train control system and introduce its limitations.Next,we propose a novel network architecture,and present new technologies and requirements of the proposed architecture for TACS.Some potential challenges are then discussed to give insights for further research of TACS.

Decoupled estimation of frequency-dependent IQI and channel for OFDM systems with direct-conversion transceivers

The in-phase and quadrature-phase imbalance(IQI)is one of the major radio frequency impairments existing in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM) systems with direct-conversion transceivers. During the transmission of the communication signal, the impact of IQI is coupled with channel impulse responses(CIR), which makes the traditional channel estimation schemes ineffective. A decoupled estimation scheme is proposed to separately estimate the frequency-dependent IQI and wireless channel. Firstly, the generalized channel model is built to separate the parameters of IQI and wireless channel. Then an iterative estimation scheme of frequency-dependent IQI is designed at the initial stage of communication. Finally, based on the estimation result of IQI, the least square algorithm is utilized to estimate the channel-related parameters at each time of channel variation.Compared with the joint estimation schemes of IQI and channel,the proposed decoupled estimation scheme requires much lower training overhead at each time of channel variation. Simulation results demonstrate the good estimation performance of the proposed scheme.

Tissue Culture Rapid Propagation and Transplantation Techniques of Anoectochilus roxburghii (Wall) Lind.

[Objectives]To screen the tissue culture rapid propagation formula suitable for each tissue culture stage of Anoectochilus roxburghii( Wall) Lind. [Methods] The stem segments of Fujian A. roxburghii were used as explant to study the tissue culture rapid propagation and transplantation techniques. The comparative experiment was carried out to study the effects of different hormone concentrations on the induction of stem segments,proliferation of cluster buds,rooting and seedling hardening of A. roxburghii,and study the effects of transplantation matrix on the transplantation of A. roxburghii. [Results]MS + 0. 5 mg/L NAA + 2 mg/L BA + 20 g/L sucrose + 6 g/L agar was suitable for induction of stem segments of A. roxburghii; MS + 0. 5 mg/L NAA + 2 mg/L BA + 1 mg/L KT + 25 g/L sucrose + 6 g/L agar was most suitable for proliferation of cluster buds of A. roxburghii; MS + 1. 0 mg/L IBA + 1. 0 mg/L NAA + 1 g/L activated carbon + 50 g/L mashed banana + 25 g/L sucrose + 6 g/L agar was most suitable for rooting and seedling hardening of A. roxburghii; using peat soil: fine sand( 3∶ 1) as transplantation matrix,the survival rate was the highest. [Conclusions] The experiment results are expected to provide references for factory production of A. roxburghii.

Imitated Ecological Cultivation Technology of Dendrobium offcinale: A Case Study of Longshitou Village,Longmen County

In order to optimize the planting structure of Longshitou Village in Longmen County and promote the efficient cultivation of Dendrobium offcinale industry,the imitate ecological cultivation technology of D.offcinale is studied from the aspects of site selection,seedling domestication,seedling colonization,and disease and pest control after colonization according to the natural environmental conditions of Longshitou Village.

Development Situation and Countermeasures of Leisure Agriculture and Rural Tourism in Huizhou

In this paper,the development status,advantages (such as superior natural conditions,rich subtropical agricultural resources,and excellent location conditions) and existing problems (such as insufficient safeguard,homogeneous competition and lack of features) of leisure agriculture and rural tourism in Huizhou City were analyzed,and then some suggestions and countermeasures for the development of leisure agriculture and rural tourism in Huizhou were put forward.

Evaluation of the Impact of Government Policy on the Overuse of Groundwater in the Minqin Basin in China

The existing literature simply concludes that the irrational behaviors of local people and natural factors are the major reasons for overuse of groundwater. Using the OLS and ARIMA (BJ) Statistical Methods and Trend Analyses, this article finds that government policy, as measured by four proxy variables, is a very important factor that strongly influences the overuse of groundwater at the collective level. This means the government is a very important actor in the game of groundwater usage. Although these findings cannot clearly separate government effects from local effects, using a Trend Analysis, they reveal that these significant effects are strictly consistent with variations in government policy. Moreover, they show that government policy effective at the county level strongly impacts the overuse of ground-water by influencing the behavior of the local people and that policy at the operative level impacts four policy domains: population, cultivated land, water assignments and peasant income.

Parental and transgenerational impairments of thyroid endocrine system in zebrafish by 2,4,6-tribromophenol

Many environmental contaminants could be transmitted fromparents and generate impairments to their progeny.The 2,4,6-tribromophenol(TBP),a novel brominated flame retardant which has been frequently detected in various organisms,was supposed to be bioaccumulated and intergenerational transmitted in human beings.Previous studies revealed that TBP could disrupt thyroid endocrine system in zebrafish larvae.However,there is no available data regarding the parental and transgenerational toxicity of this contaminant.Thus,in this study adult zebrafish were exposed to environmental contaminated levels of TBP for 60 days to investigate the parental and transgenerational impairments on thyroid endocrine system.Chemical analysis verified the bioaccumulation of TBP in tested organs of parents(concentration:liver>gonads>brain)and its transmission into eggs.For adults,increased thyroid hormones,disturbed transcriptions of related genes and histopathological changes in thyroid follicles indicate obvious thyroid endocrine disruptions.Transgenerational effects are indicated by the increased thyroid hormones both in eggs(maternal source)and in developed larvae(newly synthesized),aswell as disrupted transcriptional profiles of key genes in HPT axis.The overall results suggest that the accumulated TBP could be transmitted from parent to offspring and generate thyroid endocrine disruptions in both generations.