衰老导致卵巢功能低下研究进展

由于社会角色的转变,女性生育延迟现象明显。女性卵巢功能一般从35岁时开始下降,主要表现为卵泡数量减少和卵母细胞质量下降。目前临床上对于卵巢功能低下的诊断主要依据血清卵泡刺激素(follicle stimulating hormone,FSH)、血清抗苗勒氏管激素(anti-Müllerian hormone,AMH)、窦卵泡计数、年龄、月经和抑制素B等指标。目前研究发现,伴随年龄的增加,女性卵巢内细胞会出现线粒体功能失调、染色质短缩、DNA修复减少、表观遗传学改变和代谢失序。本文在简要介绍卵巢功能低下临床诊断的基础上,对衰老导致卵巢功能低下的相关因素进行了总结,并深入探讨了其发生的分子机制及潜在的干预靶点,以期为有效改善高龄女性的卵巢功能提供思路。

A Preliminary Study on the Training Model of Incoming Labor Forces by Higher Vocational Colleges

Based on the characteristics and employment situation of incoming labors,we should attach great importance to their training.With rich teaching resources,the higher vocational colleges should give full play to their advantages,get involved in the training,and enhance their studies of training models.

In-vivo Mutagenicity of Protein-modified Enterococcus faecalis

The mutagenicity of the protein-modified Enterococcus faecalis was evaluated by a mouse bone marrow micronucleus test and a mouse sperm abnormality test.The test substance was designed with three dose groups (1,2 and 5 g/kg·bw) and intragastrically administrated,with cyclophosphamide as a positive control and normal saline as a normal control.The micronucleus rate and sperm abnormality rate were measured.The results showed that the micronucleus rates and sperm abnormality rates in the different dose groups were not significantly different from those in normal control group ( P >0.05),while the positive control group was significantly higher than the normal control group ( P <0.01).The conclusion is that the protein-modified E.faecalis was tested to be negative in both the mouse bone marrow micronucleus test and mouse sperm abnormality test,suggesting that it has no mutagenicity in vivo.

Diagnosis and Treatment of a Case of Radius and Ulna Fracture in Dog

60% of a dog's body weight is supported by its fore limbs, while the hind limbs mainly play the role of power, so the probability of dog's radius and ulna fracture is greatly increased. This paper mainly introduced the diagnosis and treatment of a case of radius and ulna fracture in dog, with an attempt to provide reference for clinical practice.

Diagnosis and Treatment of a Case of Femoral Neck Fracture in Cat

Simple femoral neck fractures in dogs and cats are rare in clinic. The cause of the fracture is that the pelvis or femur is directly or indirectly subjected to external force,and it often occurs secondarily to osteoporosis caused by dysplasia of the hip joint. This paper described the diagnosis and treatment of a blue cat with femora neck fracture.

Diagnosis and Treatment of a Case of Femoral Fracture in Dog

Femoral fracture of dogs is common in daily life. This paper introduced the diagnosis and treatment of a case of femoral fracture in dog, providing reference for clinical practice.

Ames Test of Protein-modified Enterococcus faecalis

The potential mutagenicity of protein-modified Enterococcus faecalis was evaluated by the Ames test. The test subject was designed with 0. 05,0. 5,5. 0,and 50. 0 mg/dish doses,and a control group was set. With Salmonella typhimurium mutant strains TA97,TA98,TA100 and TA102 as test strains,the Ames test was carried out with( +) or without(-) S9,and the number of revertant colonies was counted. The results showed that for the protein-modified E. faecalis in the case of + S9 and-S9,the average numbers of revertant colonies of the four test strains were less than two times of that of the negative control group,and no dose-response relationship was observed. The protein-modified E. faecalis was tested to be negative in the Ames test,indicating that the test substance was not mutagenic in vitro.

Research and Practice of Agricultural Vocational Colleges in Serving Entrepreneurial Farmers

As the vocational colleges shoulder the responsibilities of personnel training, scientific research and the social services, the agricultural vocational colleges, undertake the responsibilities of supporting "three agriculture" and speeding up the new countryside construction. Therefore, agricultural vocational colleges shall take the responsibility of providing the employment training to returned migrant workers is the obligation of agricultural vocational colleges and they are bound to be the camp for providing entrepreneurship training to returned farmers. Relying on its own characteristics and research strengths, the Jiangsu Animal Husbandry & Veterinary College has conducted rewarding research and practices on carrying out entrepreneurship training for farmers.

Diagnosis and Treatment of a Case of Canine Infectious Venereal Tumor

Canine infectious venereal disease tumor( CTVT) is mainly due to a canine infectious intercourse tumor disease which is infected during mating.It is a malignant tumor originating from reticuloendodermis.After infection,the mucosal surface or prepuce of the urogenital tract is destroyed and bleed for a long time after being invaded by tumor tissue,which leads to inflammation of the urogenital tract and long-term blood loss,seriously affecting the health of dogs.In this paper,the clinical diagnosis and treatment of a canine infectious venereal disease( STD) tumor are described,with emphasis on the course of chemotherapy for the disease.

Diagnosis and Treatment of a Case of Gastroenteritis in Dog

When dogs suffer from gastrointestinal inflammation,they will produce vomiting,diarrhea and dehydration and other symptoms,which are similar to canine distemper and canine fine.These symptoms are often confused with each other in clinic.Through the diagnosis and treatment of a case of canine gastroenteritis,this paper expounded the methods of differential diagnosis in detail,providing a reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment of the disease in pets.

Teratogenic Effect of Paulownia Flower Extract on Rats

In this study, Paulownia flower extract of different concentrations was administered to pregnant rats by gavage to investigate its teratogenic effect. It was found that Paulownia has neither teratogenic effect nor growth inhibitory effect on rats, and it can be used in animal production as new feed additive.

Effect of autologous bone marrow stem cells-scaffold transplantation on the ongoing pregnancy rate in intrauterine adhesion women:a randomized,controlled trial

Intrauterine adhesion is a major cause of female reproductive disorders.Although we and others uncontrolled pilot studies showed that treatment with autologous bone marrow stem cells made a few patients with severe intrauterine adhesion obtain live birth,no large sample randomized controlled studies on this therapeutic strategy in such patients have been reported so far.To verify if the therapy of autologous bone marrow stem cells-scaffold is superior to traditional treatment in moderate to severe intrauterine adhesion patients in increasing their ongoing pregnancy rate,we conducted this randomized controlled clinical trial.Totally 195 participants with moderate to severe intrauterine adhesion were screened and 152 of them were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to either group with autologous bone marrow stem cells-scaffold plus Foley balloon catheter or group with only Foley balloon catheter(control group)from February 2016 to January 2020.The per-protocol analysis included 140 participants:72 in bone marrow stem cells-scaffold group and 68 in control group.The ongoing pregnancy occurred in 45/72(62.5%)participants in the bone marrow stem cells-scaffold group which was significantly higher than that in the control group(28/68,41.2%)(RR=1.52,95%CI 1.08–2.12,P=0.012).The situation was similar in live birth rate(bone marrow stem cells-scaffold group 56.9%(41/72)vs.control group 38.2%(26/68),RR=1.49,95%CI 1.04–2.14,P=0.027).Compared with control group,participants in bone marrow stem cells-scaffold group showed more menstrual blood volume in the 3rd and 6th cycles and maximal endometrial thickness in the 6th cycle after hysteroscopic adhesiolysis.The incidence of mild placenta accrete was increased in bone marrow stem cells-scaffold group and no severe adverse effects were observed.In conclusion,transplantation of bone marrow stem cells-scaffold into uterine cavities of the participants with moderate to severe intrauterine adhesion increased their ongoing pregnancy and live birth rates,and this therapy was relatively safe.

Transplantation of UC-MSCs on collagen scaffold activates follicles in dormant ovaries of POF patients with long history of infertility

Premature ovarian failure(POF) is a refractory disease for clinical treatment with the goal of restoring fertility. In this study,umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells on a collagen scaffold(collagen/UC-MSCs) can activate primordial follicles in vitro via phosphorylation of FOXO3 a and FOXO1. Transplantation of collagen/UC-MSCs to the ovaries of POF patients rescued overall ovarian function, evidenced by elevated estradiol concentrations, improved follicular development, and increased number of antral follicles. Successful clinical pregnancy was achieved in women with POF after transplantation of collagen/UC-MSCs or UC-MSCs. In summary, collagen/UC-MSC transplantation may provide an effective treatment for POF.

Transplantation of collagen scaffold with autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells promotes functional endometrium reconstruction via downregulating ΔNp63 expression in Asherman＇s syndrome

Asherman's syndrome(AS) is a common disease that presents endometrial regeneration disorder. However, little is known about its molecular features of this aregenerative endometrium in AS and how to reconstruct the functioning endometrium for the patients with AS. Here, we report that ΔNp63 is significantly upregulated in residual epithelial cells of the impaired endometrium in AS; the upregulated-ΔNp63 induces endometrial quiescence and alteration of stemness. Importantly, we demonstrate that engrafting high density of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells(BMNCs) loaded in collagen scaffold onto the uterine lining of patients with AS downregulates ΔNp63 expression, reverses ΔNp63-induced pathological changes, normalizes the stemness alterations and restores endometrial regeneration. Finally, five patients achieved successful pregnancies and live births. Therefore, we conclude that ΔNp63 is a crucial therapeutic target for AS. This novel treatment significantly improves the outcome for the patients with severe AS.

Umbilical cord artery-derived perivascular stem cells for treatment of ovarian failure through CD146 signaling

Dear Editor,Chemotherapy-induced ovarian failure significantly diminishes ovarian blood flow,ovarian size,and follicular development.Angiogenesis plays a vital role in repairing ovarian damage.1 Perivascular stem cells(PSCs),known as mural cells covering the vasculature,are essential for blood vessel formation and postulated as progenitors of mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs).2,3 We previously established umbilical cord artery-derived PSCs(UCA-PSCs)and Wharton’s jelly-derived MSCs(WJ-MSCs)and UCAPSCs display optimal angiogenic capacity in vitro.4 Therefore,we explored the angiogenesis and pro-angiogenesis mechanisms of UCA-PSCs and provided them as an efficient treatment strategy for ovarian failure.

Medical care of rare and undiagnosed diseases:Prospects and challenges

Rare and undiagnosed diseases tend to be diverse,misdiagnosed,and difficult to diagnose.In some cases,the disease is progressive and life-threatening.Yet,to date,an estimated 95%of rare diseases have no approved therapy.Therefore,rare and undiagnosed diseases are considered the ultimate challenges for understanding human diseases.Here,we review the research progress,research frontiers,and important scientific issues related to rare and undiagnosed diseases.We mainly focus on five topics:(1)the identification and functional analysis of disease-causing genes;(2)the construction of cells,organoids,and animal models for mechanism validation;(3)subtyping and diagnosis;(4)treatment and drug screening based on causative genes and mutations;and(5)new technologies and methods for studying rare and undiagnosed diseases.In this review,we briefly update and discuss the pathogenic mechanisms and precision medicine for rare and undiagnosed diseases.