Metagenomic analysis revealing the metabolic role of microbial communities in the free amino acid biosynthesis of Monascus rice vinegar during fermentation

Free amino acid(FAA)is the important component of vinegar that infl uences quality perception and consumer acceptance.FAA is one of the major metabolites produced by microorganisms;however,the microbial metabolic network on FAA biosynthesis remains unclear.Through metagenomic analysis,this work aimed to elucidate the roles of microbes in FAA biosynthesis during Monascus rice vinegar fermentation.Taxonomic profiles from functional analyses showed 14 dominant genera with high contributions to the metabolism pathways.The metabolic network for FAA biosynthesis was then constructed,and the microbial distribution in different metabolic pathways was illuminated.The results revealed that 5 functional genera were closely involved in FAA biosynthesis.This study illuminated the metabolic roles of microorganisms in FAA biosynthesis and provided crucial insights into the functional attributes of microbiota in vinegar fermentation.

The Critical Role of Fillers in Composite Polymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery

With excellent energy densities and highly safe performance,solidstate lithium batteries(SSLBs)have been hailed as promising energy storage devices.Solid-state electrolyte is the core component of SSLBs and plays an essential role in the safety and electrochemical performance of the cells.Composite polymer electrolytes(CPEs)are considered as one of the most promising candidates among all solid-state electrolytes due to their excellent comprehensive performance.In this review,we briefly introduce the components of CPEs,such as the polymer matrix and the species of fillers,as well as the integration of fillers in the polymers.In particular,we focus on the two major obstacles that affect the development of CPEs:the low ionic conductivity of the electrolyte and high interfacial impedance.We provide insight into the factors influencing ionic conductivity,in terms of macroscopic and microscopic aspects,including the aggregated structure of the polymer,ion migration rate and carrier concentration.In addition,we also discuss the electrode-electrolyte interface and summarize methods for improving this interface.It is expected that this review will provide feasible solutions for modifying CPEs through further understanding of the ion conduction mechanism in CPEs and for improving the compatibility of the electrode-electrolyte interface.

新高考志愿推荐算法研究

新高考政策的推行和逐步落实,使志愿填报由以往院校为主体且志愿可服从调剂、变为“专业+院校”组合更突出专业的模式。目前实行新高考的省份可填志愿数为80个、96个或112个,而且志愿间不再存在服从调剂选项。针对新高考志愿填报要求,以考生分数能否被院校专业录取作为评价标准,结合专业类型、选科要求、院校属性、学费等多维数据,使用长短时记忆网络算法,可以预测出该分数在当年录取位次,再根据一定报考规则形成志愿填报方案。使用考生报考当年前3年的专业录取位次和当年录取位次作为输入,得到当年考生被各专业的录取概率,并基于该录取概率为考生进行志愿推荐。在河北省2021年新高考中,使用该算法进行志愿填报实践,结果表明:基于长短时记忆网络的新高考预测算法,为新高考考生志愿填报提供了有效支持,既帮助其进行专业选择,又能很好地发挥其考分的价值,做到科学填报。该研究可以为新高考考生个性化填报提供有益帮助,帮助实行新高考省份的学校对学生进行科学填报指导。

基于微服务架构的中文作文智能评阅系统研究与应用

中文作文评阅是语文教学中不可或缺的部分,每次考试后教师都面临集中的阅卷压力,同时,结果只以分数给出而导致评阅粒度过粗。在解决人工评阅问题而构建智能评阅系统时,面临着多算法调用、系统响应速度慢等新问题。基于微服务架构研究搭建中文作文智能评阅系统,根据功能划分出多个微服务并独自开发和部署,保障系统的高可用性、高并发性和可扩展性,提高响应速度。经实践运行应用,基于微服务的系统具有良好的性能,取得较好的运行效果。所实现的系统一方面有助于提升中文作文阅卷的粒度和客观性,另一方面又能帮助学生找到写作上的不足,提升学生写作能力,提高语文教学的智能化水平。

Clinical study of transcatheter occlusion in treating ventricular septal defect combined with right coronary cusp bulge

Background: Perimembranous ventricular septal defect combined with right coronary cusp bulge generally should be treated with surgical thoracotomy, owing to the potential aortic regurgitation. However, the minimally invasive method of transcatheter closure has always attracted the attention of cardiologists and patients. The present study aimed to apply transcatheter occlusion in treating ventricular septal defect with right coronary cusp bulge and further evaluate the clinical effect through follow-up. Materials and methods: A total of 40 children diagnosed as having a ventricular septal defect with right coronary cusp bulge, examined using transthoracic echocardiography and cardiovascular angiography, were enrolled in this study. The ventricular septal defects were closed by placing occluders through transcatheter occlusion treatment. During the operation process, the children underwent angiography and transthoracic echocardiography examinations to check the position of the occlude and the extent of aortic regurgitation. The influence of occlusion on the conduction system was evaluated using a surface electrocardiogram. The children were followed up after their procedures. Results: All 40 patients were immediately and successfully occluded. Three patients with filament residual shunts were observed during the operations. No major surgical complications occurred during the perioperative period. During the follow-up period, the positions of all the occluders were good, the residual shunts in the three patients disappeared, and no new or aggravated aortic regurgitation occurred. Electrocardiogram did not reveal any atrioventricular blocks. Only one patient suffered from an incomplete right bundle branch block. Conclusions: Children diagnosed with ventricular septal defect combined with right coronary cusp bulge could be considered for transcatheter occlusion. With appropriate indications and methods, the effect may be favorable.

Advances on Na-K liquid alloy-based batteries

Sodium-potassium(Na^(-)K)liquid alloys attract increasing research attention,as an ideal alternative of Li metal for metal-based batteries,attributing to their high abundance,low redox potential,high capacity,and dendrite-free properties.In addition,the liquid and self-healing features of Na^(-)K alloys endow good electrode/electrolyte interfacial contact.The recent advances on the Na^(-)K liquid alloy-based batteries(NKBs)are reviewed herein.The anode designs for immobilization of the liquid alloy are introduced.The influences of the electrolyte and cathode materials on the battery performances are discussed.In addition,considering the co-existence of both K^(+)and Na^(+)in the electrolyte,the working mechanisms of the NKBs are elaborated.We also show that despite the improvement,challenges of the NKBs remain.The compatibility between Na^(-)K liquid alloy and electrolyte,as well as disputed working mechanisms,request detailed surface analyses of the liquid alloy and local element distribution evolution in the battery.This review would shed light on the fundamental understanding of Na^(-)K alloy electrochemistry and the development of dendrite-free metal-based energy storage systems with high energy density.

Optimization of Supercritical CO_(2) Extraction of Curcumin by Response Surface Methodology and Its Antioxidant Activity

[Objectives]This study was conducted to establish a mathematical model for supercritical CO_(2) extraction of curcumin.[Methods]With ginger as the experimental raw material,a quadratic polynomial mathematical model of the yield of curcumin extracted by supercritical CO_(2) was established by response surface methodology(RSM).The validity of the mathematical model was verified,and the effects of extraction temperature(60-70℃),pressure(30-50 MPa)and time(70-90 min)on curcumin yield were analyzed.[Results]According to the model,the process parameters were optimized.Taking curcumin yield as the index,the optimal process conditions for supercritical CO_(2) extraction obtained were:temperature 62.6℃,pressure 37.7 MPa,time 82.9 min,under which the yield of curcumin was as high as 7.34%.Under the optimal extraction conditions,curcumin had a certain reducing capacity,and showed strong scavenging capacities to·OH,O_(2)^(-)·and DPPH,and its IC_(50) values were 9.40,9.03 and 8.04 mg/ml,respectively.Therefore,it is feasible to extract curcumin from ginger using supercritical CO_(2).[Conclusions]This study provides a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of curcumin.

Perspectives of genetic management strategy for inherited cardiovascular diseases in China

Inherited cardiovascular diseases(CVDs)threaten human health and pose an enormous economic burden worldwide.Genetic alteration is a major risk factor for many CVDs.These disorders are usually controlled by a pair of alleles,affecting offspring according to the Mendelian principle,regardless of isolated primary damage or secondary injury from other syndromes or deficiency.To date,there are hundreds of inherited CVDs.With advances in nextgeneration sequencing(NGS)technologies,rapid and accurate molecular diagnosis of patients with inherited CVDs is clinically practical.Besides,great improvements have been made in recent years,and targeted therapy and assist devices have been used in clinical practice.Yet there is still no totally efficient strategy for dealing with inherited CVDs.Accordingly.

Recent advances in modification strategies of silicon-based lithiumion batteries

As potential alternatives to graphite,silicon(Si)and silicon oxides(SiO_(x))received a lot of attention as anode materials for lithiumion batteries owing to their relatively low working potentials,high theoretical specific capacities,and abundant resources.However,the commercialization of Si-based anodes is greatly hindered by their massive volume expansion,low conductivity,unstable solid electrolyte interface(SEI),and low initial Coulombic efficiency(ICE).Continuous endeavors have been devoted to overcoming these challenges to achieve practical usage.This review is centered on the major challenges and latest developments in the modification strategies of Si-based anodes,including structure optimization,surface/interface regulation,novel binders,and innovative design of electrolyte.Finally,outlooks and perspectives of Si-based anodes for future development are presented.

Constructing a lithiophilic polyaniline coating via in situ polymerization for dendrite-free lithium metal anode

Metallic lithium is regarded as one of the most promising electrode materials to break through the energy density bottleneck of current commercial lithium-ion batteries.However,the practical implementation of lithium metal anode is limited by the unstable electrode interface significantly,which directly induces a low Coulombic efficiency,short cycling lifespan,and dendritic lithium growth behavior.In this study,via in situ electropolymerization,lithiophilic and conformal polyaniline layer is developed to improve the initial lithium nucleation and plating process,reducing the interface charge transfer resistance and promoting uniform lithium plating/stripping behavior.Meanwhile,the polyaniline layer exhibits good adhesion to the substrate.As a result,the Li/Cu half cell delivers a high Coulombic efficiency of 99.1%for 400 cycles at 1.0 mA·cm^(−2)with polyaniline layer.In addition,long-term stable cycling at a current density of 1.0 mA·cm^(−2)for 1300 h has been achieved for lithium metal anode.This strategy provides a new perspective for the practical lithium metal batteries.

Alumina modified sodium vanadate cathode for aqueous zinc-ion batteries

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) have great prospects for widespread application in massive scale energy storage. By virtue of the multivalent state, open frame structure and high theoretical specific capacity, vanadium (V)-based compounds are a kind of the most developmental potential cathode materials for ZIBs. However, the slow kinetics caused by low conductivity and the capacity degradation caused by material dissolution still need to be addressed for large-scale applications. Therefore, sodium vanadate Na_(2)V_(6)O_(16)·3H_(2)O (NVO) was chosen as a model material, and was modified with alumina coating through simple mixing and stirring methods. After Al_(2)O_(3) coating modification, the rate capability and long-cycle stability of Zn//NVO@Al_(2)O_(3) battery have been significantly improved. The discharge specific capacity of NVO@Al_(2)O_(3) reach up to 228 mAh/g (at 4 A/g), with a capacity reservation rate of approximately 68% after 1000 cycles, and the Coulombic efficiency (CE) is close to 100%. As a comparison, the capacity reservation rate of Zn//NVO battery is only 27.7%. Its superior electrochemical performance is mainly attributed to the Al2O3 coating layer, which can increase zinc-ion conductivity of the material surface, and to some extent inhibit the dissolution of NVO, making the structure stable and improving the cyclic stability of the material. This paper offers new prospects for the development of cathode coating materials for ZIBs.

2018 Chinese Pediatric Cardiology Society(CPCS) guideline for diagnosis and treatment of syncope in children and adolescents

Syncope belongs to the transient loss of consciousness(TLOC), characterized by a rapid onset, short duration, and spontaneous complete recovery. It is common in children and adolescents, accounting for 1% to 2% of emergency department visits.Recurrent syncope can seriously affect children's physical and mental health, learning ability and quality of life and sometimes cardiac syncope even poses a risk of sudden death. The present guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of syncope in children and adolescents was developed for guiding a better clinical management of pediatric syncope. Based on the globally recent development and the evidence-based data in China, 2018 Chinese Pediatric Cardiology Society(CPCS) guideline for diagnosis and treatment of syncope in children and adolescents was jointly prepared by the Pediatric Cardiology Society, Chinese Pediatric Society, Chinese Medical Association(CMA)/Committee on Pediatric Syncope, Pediatricians Branch, Chinese Medical Doctor Association(CMDA)/Committee on Pediatric Cardiology, Chinese College of Cardiovascular Physicians, Chinese Medical Doctor Association(CMDA)/Pediatric Cardiology Society, Beijing Pediatric Society, Beijing Medical Association(BMA). The present guideline includes the underlying diseases of syncope in children and adolescents, the diagnostic procedures, methodology and clinical significance of standing test and headup tilt test, the clinical diagnosis vasovagal syncope, postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, orthostatic hypotension and orthostatic hypertension, and the treatment of syncope as well as follow-up.

Si/C Composites as Negative Electrode for High Energy Lithium Ion Batteries

Silicon is very promising negative electrode materials for improving the energy density of lithium-ion batteries （LIBs） because of its high specific capacity, moderate potential, environmental friendliness, and low cost. However, the volume variation of Si negative electrodes is huge during lithiation/delithiation processes which results in pulverization, low cycling efficiency, and permanent capacity loss. In order to overcome this problem, tremendous efforts have been attempted. Among them the most successful strategy is to incorporate other components into silicon to form composite, especially the carbon medium. In this mini review, the recent progress on Si/C materials used as negative electrode of LIBs is summarized such as Si/amorphous carbon composite, Si/graphene composites, Si/carbon nanotubes or fibers composites. The fabrication, structure, electrochemical performances of different Si/C composites are discussed. In addition, some future directions are pointed out.

Advances of Aluminum Based Energy Storage Systems

Rechargeable aluminum based batteries and supercapacitors have been regarded as promising sustainable ener- gy storage candidates, because aluminum metal is the most abundant metal element in the earth crust, and it delivers very high volumetric capacity and acceptable gravimetric capacity. This mini review presents the brief development of Al-based primary batteries, and introduces the latest advances of rechargeable Al-based energy storage systems with both nonaqueous and aqueous electrolytes.