Potential for soil carbon sequestration under conservation agriculture in a warming climate

Agricultural soil has numerous links with climate change.It comprises a substantial part of farming systems that are affected by climate change and can significantly impact food security[1].An increase in the soil carbon(C)stock is associated with an increase in the crop yield.Moreover,agricultural soil remains a source for all three major greenhouse gases(GHGs),i.e.,carbon dioxide(CO_(2)),methane and nitrous oxide,which contributes directly to climate change.In addition,enhancing soil C sequestration in agricultural land could offset GHG emissions,promote more sustainable and climate-resilient agricultural systems.

Frontier science and challenges on offshore carbon storage

Carbon capture and storage(CCS)technology is an imperative,strategic,and constitutive method to considerably reduce anthropogenic CO_(2)emissions and alleviate climate change issues.The ocean is the largest active carbon bank and an essential energy source on the Earth's surface.Compared to oceanic nature-based carbon dioxide removal(CDR),carbon capture from point sources with ocean storage is more appropriate for solving short-term climate change problems.This review focuses on the recent state-of-the-art developments in offshore carbon storage.It first discusses the current status and development prospects of CCS,associated with the chailenges and uncertainties of oceanic nature-based CDR.The second section outlines the mechanisms,sites,advantages,and ecologic hazards of direct offshore CO_(2)injection.The third section emphasizes the mechanisms,schemes,influencing factors,and recovery efficiency of ocean-based CO-CH_(4)replacement and CO_(2)-enhanced oil recovery are reviewed.In addition,this review discusses the economic aspects of offshore CCS and the preponderance of offshore CCs hubs.Finally,the upsides,limitations,and prospects for further investigation of offshore CO_(2)storage are presented.

Additives enhancing supported amines performance in CO_(2)capture fromair

The utilization of supported amines as adsorbents in direct air capture(DAC)has been demonstrated to be a promising strategy for the reduction of CO_(2)emissions.To improve the performance of amine-based adsorbents,the incorporation of additives has been widely adopted.In the present study,we conduct a comprehensive comparison of seven additives on tetraethylenepentamine-impregnated mesoporous silica as a representative amine-based adsorbent.The results indicate thatminor molecularweight additiveswith hydroxyl groups show improved adsorption-desorption performance and increase oxidative stability.A proposed mechanism for these improvements is the combined physical and chemical promotion effects of hydroxyl groups.Through a comprehensive review of existing literature,it is found that the effects of additives on amine-based adsorbents are dependent on factors,such as additive type,pristine adsorbent properties,incorporation method,and testing conditions.Based on these findings,it is recommended that future DAC systems prioritize the use of hydroxyl-containing additives,whereas higher CO_(2)concentration and temperature capture may benefit from the incorporation of additives without hydroxyl groups.These conclusions are expected to contribute to the design of efficient adsorbents for CO_(2)capture.

Upregulation of annexin A5 affects the biological behaviors of lung squamous carcinoma cells in vitro

Annexin A5 is a Ca2?-dependent phospholipidbinding protein and protein kinase C inhibitory protein. It has a potential role in cellular signal transduction, inflammation, growth and differentiation. In this study, we evaluated the expression of this protein in lung tumor tissues and subsequently established a NCI-H520 cell line that stably expresses the wild-type ANXA5 gene to determine the effects of annexin A5 upregulation on the cell morphology, proliferation and metastasis potential in vitro.The effects of annexin A5 on NCI-H520 cells were tested by crystal violet staining, CCK-8 assay, scratch wound assay, and Transwell assay. The expressions of Akt,PCNA, vimentin, and E-cadherin were examined by Western blot assay. In this study, we demonstrated that annexin A5 is expressed at lower levels in tumor tissues compared with normal tissues. Additionally, the upregulation of this protein may inhibit the proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities of NCI-H520 cells in vitro. The transfected cells were arrested in the G1/S phase of the cell cycle, and the expression levels of Akt, PCNA and Vimentin were downregulated, while E-cadherin was upregulated.

Synteny search identifies carnivore Y chromosome for evolution of male specific genes

The explosive accumulation of mammalian genomes has provided a valuable resource to characterize the evo­lution of the Y chromosome.Unexpectedly,the Y-chromosome sequence has been characterized in only a small handful of species,with the majority being model organisms.Thus,identification of Y-linked scaffolds from un­ordered genome sequences is becoming more important.Here,we used a syntenic-based approach to generate the scaffolds of the male-specific region of the Y chromosome(MSY)from the genome sequence of 6 male car­nivore species.Our results identified 14,15,9,28,14 and 11 Y-linked scaffolds in polar bears,pacific walruses,red pandas,cheetahs,ferrets and tigers,covering 1.55 Mbp,2.62 Mbp,964 Kb,1.75 Mb,2.17 Mbp and 1.84 Mb MSY,respectively.All the candidate Y-linked scaffolds in 3 selected species(red pandas,polar bears and ti­gers)were successfully verified using polymerase chain reaction.We re-annotated 8 carnivore MSYs including these 6 Y-linked scaffolds and domestic dog and cat MSY;a total of 11 orthologous genes conserved in at least 7 of the 8 carnivores were identified.These 11 Y-linked genes have significantly higher evolutionary rates com­pared with their X-linked counterparts,indicating less purifying selection for MSY genes.Taken together,our study shows that the approach of synteny search is a reliable and easily affordable strategy to identify Y-linked scaffolds from unordered carnivore genomes and provides a preliminary evolutionary study for carnivore MSY genes.

Performance of CH4MOD_(wetland) for the case study of different regions of natural Chinese wetland

Reliable national estimates of CH_4 emissions from natural wetlands depend on model validation based on site observations.We therefore evaluated the performance of the CH_4 MODwetlandmodel in simulating CH_4 emissions from 11 representative wetland sites in five regions of China.Model performance analysis showed that this method effectively simulates differences in the CH_4 fluxes between different sites and regions.The model efficiency for estimating the daily CH_4 fluxes in the northeastern China（NE）,Inner Mongolia and northwestern China（NW）,the North China plain and the Middle-Lower Yangtze Plain（E） and the Qinghai Tibetan Plateau（SW） was 0.51,0.20,0.52 and 0.65,respectively.The efficiency for estimating the annual mean CH_4 fluxes in southern China（S） was 0.99.Systematic negative deviation between the simulated and observed CH_4 emissions existed in all regions,especially in the NW region,which had a mean deviation（RMD） value of-36.7%.On the national scale,the root mean square error（RMSE）,the RMD,the model efficiency（EF）between the simulated and observed seasonal values were 28.7%,-7.8% and 0.93,respectively.The CH_4 emissions showed the highest sensitivity to air temperature in the NE and SW regions,and to water table depth in the E region.Based on the sensitivity analysis,future climate warming and wetting are likely to increase the wetland CH_4 emissions at different levels in all regions of China.

Corrigendum to"Upregulation of annexin A5 affects the biological behaviors of lung squamous carcinoma cells in vitro"[Chin.Sci.Bull.(2014)59(28)3610-3620]

The authors regret that due to their neglect when doing the picture layout of Fig.5C,the wrong image was pasted for the“pCDNA3.1-NCI-H520-ANXA5-2”in the original paper,causing a duplicate with image“pCDNA3.1-NCI-H520-ANXA5-1”.The image has been corrected.The related statistics results based on Fig.5c,as shown in the Fig.5d,also have been updated.However,the conclu-sions of the original article(https://doi.org/10.1007/s11434-014-0301-y)are not affected.