调整未成年人刑事责任年龄问题反思及对策

低龄未成年人涉罪问题频发,引起了学界关于调整刑事责任年龄问题的争议,无论是主张降低刑事责任年龄、引入恶意补充年龄规则,还是建立弹性刑事责任年龄规则的观点,均存在不足之处。从未成年人犯罪承担刑事责任的本质要求、未成年人刑事责任年龄的实质表现及未成年人特殊保护的刑事政策角度,都应维持现有的刑事责任年龄规定。针对低龄未成年人的涉罪问题,应当以教育、矫治和帮教为主,建立健全亲职教育制度、综合处遇措施和收容教养制度,构建低龄未成年人涉罪行为的综合治理对策体系。

Fast Sentiment Analysis Algorithm Based on Double Model Fusion

Nowadays,as the number of textual data is exponentially increasing,sentiment analysis has become one of the most significant tasks in natural language processing(NLP)with increasing attention.Traditional Chinese sentiment analysis algorithms cannot make full use of the order information in context and are inefficient in sentiment inference.In this paper,we systematically reviewed the classic and representative works in sentiment analysis and proposed a simple but efficient optimization.First of all,FastText was trained to get the basic classification model,which can generate pre-trained word vectors as a by-product.Secondly,Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory Network(Bi-LSTM)utilizes the generated word vectors for training and then merges with FastText to make comprehensive sentiment analysis.By combining FastText and Bi-LSTM,we have developed a new fast sentiment analysis,called FAST-BiLSTM,which consistently achieves a balance between performance and speed.In particular,experimental results based on the real datasets demonstrate that our algorithm can effectively judge sentiments of users’comments,and is superior to the traditional algorithm in time efficiency,accuracy,recall and F1 criteria.

Mycorrhizal symbiosis modulates the rhizosphere microbiota to promote rhizobia–legume symbiosis

Plants establish symbioses with mutualistic fungi,such as arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM)fungi,and bacteria,such as rhizobia,to exchange key nutrients and thrive.Plants and symbionts have coevolved and represent vital components of terrestrial ecosystems.Plants employ an ancestral AM signaling pathway to establish intracellular symbioses,including the legume–rhizobia symbiosis,in their roots.Nevertheless,the relationship between the AM and rhizobial symbioses in native soil is poorly understood.Here,we examined how these distinct symbioses affect root-associated bacterial communities in Medicago truncatula by performing quantitative microbiota profiling(QMP)of 16S rRNA genes.We found that M.truncatula mutants that cannot establish AM or rhizobia symbiosis have an altered microbial load(quantitative abundance)in the rhizosphere and roots,and in particular that AM symbiosis is required to assemble a normal quantitative root-associated microbiota in native soil.Moreover,quantitative microbial co-abundance network analyses revealed that AM symbiosis affects Rhizobiales hubs among plant microbiota and benefits the plant holobiont.Through QMP of rhizobial rpoB and AM fungal SSU rRNA genes,we revealed a new layer of interaction whereby AM symbiosis promotes rhizobia accumulation in the rhizosphere of M.truncatula.We further showed that AM symbiosis-conditioned microbial communities within the M.truncatula rhizosphere could promote nodulation in different legume plants in native soil.Given that the AM and rhizobial symbioses are critical for crop growth,our findings might inform strategies to improve agricultural management.Moreover,our work sheds light on the co-evolution of these intracellular symbioses during plant adaptation to native soil conditions.