Numerical simulation of the dynamic migration mechanism and prediction of saturation of tight sandstone oil

Quantitative characterization of tight sandstone oil migration and accumulation is an emerging research frontier in the field of oil and gas exploration.In this study,a conceptual model containing multiple basic geological elements is developed,and a nonlinear seepage numerical model for tight sandstone oil migration and accumulation is established.The effects of the slip effect,overpressure driving force,buoyancy,and capillary force on the migration and accumulation of tight oil are examined.The results showed that(1)the differences in oil migration and accumulation between tight and conventional reservoirs are reflected in the growth mode of oil saturation,distribution characteristics of oil and water,and extent of the effect of the formation dip angle;(2)the slip effect has a significant impact when the average pore throat radius is less than 150 nm and the overpressure driving force and capillary force are the main mechanical mechanisms controlling oil migration and accumulation in tight sandstone,while the coupling effect of buoyancy,capillary force,and overpressure driving force controls the upper and lower limits of oil saturation.Finally,a dimensional and dimensionless identification chart for rapidly predicting the oil saturation of tight sandstone is proposed and verified using the measured data.This study provides a basis for analyzing the migration and accumulation mechanisms of tight sandstone oil and a new approach for predicting oil saturation.Additionally,we developed digital and visual analysis methods for the migration results,enriching the expression of the dynamics of hydrocarbon accumulation.

Quantitative characterization of pore structure of the CarboniferousePermian tight sandstone gas reservoirs in eastern Linqing depression by using NMR technique

Micro-nano scale pores can accurately and fastly be measured by the nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)technique,which provides a new method to quantitatively characterize pore structures in tight sandstone.Based on the method of calibration of mercury pressure data for NMR T_(2) spectrum,for the measurement inaccuracy due to the mercury saturation less than 100%in tight sandstone,the mercury pressure curve and T_(2) spectrum is used to cumulate from the maximum pore on the right boundary to the small pores in the left,the range of pore-throat radius measured by the mercury injection in the leftward cumulative curve is selected as a comparable interval of NMR pore-throat radius,and the longitudinal interpolation method and the least square method are utilized to construct the distribution curve of pore-throat radius transformed by T_(2) spectrum.The modified method is used to obtain NMR T_(2) spectrum,conversion coefficient of pore-throat radius and pore-throat radius distribution of the Carboniferous-Permian tight sandstone gas reservoirs in the eastern Linqing depression,and characteristics of reservoir pore structures are quantitatively investigated;in addition,in combination with analysis of thin section and scanning electron microscopy,the reservoir effectiveness and cause of the pore structure variability in the tight sandstone are also well studied.The results show that the NMR pore-throat radius curve obtained by the modified method has a high consistency with the mercury injection curve,and the NMR test accuracy of tight sandstone is significantly improved.In the study area,the pore-throat radius of the Carboniferous-Permian tight sandstone mainly ranges from 0.002 to 2 mm,the pore is generally submicro-nano scale,but the pore-throat radius distribution of different types of sandstone varies significantly.The lithic quartz sandstone is rich in siliceous matter and poor in plastic detritus and matrix,generally dominated by submicro-scale pore-throats including micro-scale porethroats;lithic feldspar sandstone and quartz-rich feldspar lithic sandstone are rich in quartz and poor in plastic detritus and matrix,dominated by submicro-nano scale pore-throats(nano-scale pore-throats predominantly);the lithic fragment-rich feldspar lithic sandstone and lithic sandstone are poor in quartz and rich in plastic detritus and matrix,mainly dominated by nano-scale pore-throats smaller than 0.05 mm.Micropetrographic components are key factors to control pore structure difference and reservoir effectiveness,and the reservoir quality may be macroscopically controlled by sedimentary microfacies;the lithic quartz sandstones of coarse-and fine-grained point bar/riverbed microfacies are the most favorable reservoirs;the lithic feldspar sandstone of fine-grained point bar microfacies,the quartzrich feldspar lithic sandstone of fine-grained distributary channel and barrier bar microfacies are relatively favorable reservoirs,while both lithic fragment-rich feldspar lithic sandstone and lithic sandstone of tidal-flat facies are ineffective reservoirs with very poor porosity and permeability.