A Review of Study of Yellow Water Disease in Tibetan Medicine Theory

Based on the Tibetan medical theory,the relevant information and diagnosis and treatment ideas of yellow water disease are discussed,and Mongolian medicine also takes its own basic medical theory as the starting point to discuss and explain,while traditional Chinese medicine has made less theoretical description of this disease,but there are also some understandings and treatment guidelines.This paper mainly discusses the cognitive aspects of this disease,starting from the essence,analyzes the relationship between this disease and traditional Chinese medicine diseases as well as modern medicine,and makes a theoretical description for a better understanding of the yellow water disease.

Significance of ultrasound evaluation of carotid atherosclerotic plaque for diagnosing ischemic cerebrovascular disease

BACKGROUND： Carotid artery is the main source for craniocerebral blood supply. Its intimal plaque formation and arterial stenosis degree both are the risk factors for ischemic cerebrovascular disease.Therefore, the close relationship of carotid atherosclerotic plaque and ischemic cerebrovascular disease, and ultrasound evaluation of carotid atherosclerotic plaque have become the hot spot in studying ischemic cerebrovascular disease.OBJECTIVE： This study was to detect the degree of carotid atherosclerosis of ischemic cerebrovascular disease patients by ultrasonography, and to analyze the situation of carotid atherosclerosis and its relationship with clinic.DESIGN： Clinical randomized concurrent control experiment.SETTING： Lintong Convalescent Hospital of Lanzhou Military Area Command of Chinese PLA.PARTICIPANTS： Totally 60 outpatients and inpatients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease, 42 males and 18 females, admitted to Lintong Convalescent Hospital of Lanzhou Military Area Command of Chinese PLA between January 2006 and December 2006 were involved in the patient group. They met the diagnosis criteria of ischemic cerebrovascular disease constituted by the 4th Cerebrovascular Disease Conference in 1996, and were confirmed to suffer from ischemic cerebrovascular disease by skull CT and MRI. Another 20 subjects who received healthy examination concurrently in the same hospital, 12 males and 8 females, were involved in the control group. Informed consents of detected items were obtained from involved subjects.METHODS： The plaque thickness of mid portion, distal end and crotch of common carotid artery （CCA）,internal carotid artery （ICA）, external carotid artery （ECA） and vertebral artery （VA） of involved subjects,who received health examination was separately detected with color Doppler ultrasonograph （HDI-5000）.Then, total integral of plaque was calculated. The intima-media thickness （IMT） was measured with two-dimensional ultrasonography. The inner diameter stenosis degree of subjects who had plaque was measured. Blood flow parameters were recorded, and stenosis degree and plaque area were calculated. Blood flow volume of bilateral carotid artery and VA was separately measured with ultrasound equipment software,and brain blood flow volume was calculated.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Atherosclerotic degree and blood flow volume of patients of two groups.RESULTS： Sixty patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease and twenty subjects who received health examination participated in the final analysis. ①The IMT thickness, total plaque score, and total plaque area of patient group was significantly superior to that of control group, respectively（ t=5.216 - 10.158, P 〈 0.05 ）.② There were significant differences in the stenosis degree of CCA, ICA and VA between patient group and control group （t=6.720 - 12.816, P 〈 0.05 ） . ③ The blood flow volume of CCA, ICA, VA and brain of patient group was significantly lower than that of control group, respectively （t=2.872 - 10.860, P 〈 0.05）.CONCLUSION： Ischemic cerebrovascular disease patients have different degrees of changes in atherosclerosis and arterial blood flow.

Preparation and In vitro Evaluation of Polydopamine-coated Immunoadjuvant Nanoparticles

[Objectives]The paper was to prepare immunoadjuvant nanoparticles with good photothermal conversion efficiency and to achieve the synergistic antitumor effect of phototherapy and immunotherapy.[Methods]Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)(PLGA)nanoparticles of imiquimod(R837)were prepared by emulsified solvent evaporation method.Dopamine was oxidized and self-polymerized to form polydopamine(PDA)under alkaline conditions,which then adhered to the surface of R837-PNPs(PDA-R837-PNPs).Particle size,Zeta potential and photothermal conversion capacity were used as indicators to select the best polymerization conditions.The photothermal conversion properties and photothermal stability of nanoparticles were investigated by near-infrared light(NIR)irradiation;the encapsulation efficiency and drug loading capacity of R837 were determined by HPLC;the cytotoxicity and cellular uptake of PDA-R837-PNPs were preliminarily investigated using 4T1 cells.[Results]PDA-R837-PNPs were prepared successfully.The optimal polymerization conditions were 0.5 mg/mL dopamine,3 h reaction time and 1.8 mg/mL R837-PNPs.The particle size of PDA-R837-PNPs was(186.7±4.81)nm;the PDI was 0.17±0.02;the Zeta potential was(-21.6±0.56)mV;the encapsulation efficiency was(58.02±0.04)%;and the drug loading capacity was(1.42±0.05)%.PDA-R837-PNPs had good photothermal conversion and photothermal stability in vitro.Cell experiments showed that PDA coating could significantly improve the celluar uptake of PNPs without obvious cytotoxicity,and PDA-R837-PNPs could produce heat to effectively kill 4T1 cells after NIR irradiation.[Conclusions]PDA-R837-PNPs have the characteristics of uniform particle size,good photothermal conversion effect and high cellular uptake rate,thus is expected to achieve efficient antitumor photoimmunotherapic effect.

Preparation Process of Hydroxypropyl Tetrahydropyrantriol Liposomes

[Objectives] To explore the optimal process for preparing hydroxypropyl tetrahydropyrantriol liposomes. [Methods] A refractive index method was used to determine the content of hydroxypropyl tetrahydropyrantriol. Using particle size distribution and encapsulation rate as evaluation indicators, the effects of hydration time, ratio of organic phase to aqueous phase, granulation method, as well as thin film dispersion and reverse evaporation methods on liposomes preparation were investigated, and the optimal preparation method was selected. Single factor experiments were used to screen the drug phospholipid ratio, ultrasound time, and phospholipid cholesterol ratio, and the preparation process was optimized through orthogonal experiments. [Results] The optimal process of preparing hydroxypropyl tetrahydropyrantriol liposomes was as below: 1 : 10 of drug phospholipid ratio, 6 min of ultrasound time, 4 : 1 of phospholipid cholesterol ratio, (60.94%±7.24%) of entrapment efficiency, (86.44±6.08) nm of particle size, (0.195±0.077) of PDI. [Conclusions] The optimal preparation process of hydroxypropyl tetrahydropyrantriol liposomes selected by orthogonal experiment could effectively improve the encapsulation efficiency of hydroxypropyl tetrahydropyranotriol and reduce particle size. Moreover, the method was stable and reliable.

Recommendation Algorithm Based on Probabilistic Matrix Factorization with Adaboost

A current problem in diet recommendation systems is the matching of food preferences with nutritional requirements,taking into account individual characteristics,such as body weight with individual health conditions,such as diabetes.Current dietary recommendations employ association rules,content-based collaborative filtering,and constraint-based methods,which have several limitations.These limitations are due to the existence of a special user group and an imbalance of non-simple attributes.Making use of traditional dietary recommendation algorithm researches,we combine the Adaboost classifier with probabilistic matrix factorization.We present a personalized diet recommendation algorithm by taking advantage of probabilistic matrix factorization via Adaboost.A probabilistic matrix factorization method extracts the implicit factors between individual food preferences and nutritional characteristics.From this,we can make use of those features with strong influence while discarding those with little influence.After incorporating these changes into our approach,we evaluated our algorithm’s performance.Our results show that our method performed better than others at matching preferred foods with dietary requirements,benefiting user health as a result.The algorithm fully considers the constraint relationship between users’attributes and nutritional characteristics of foods.Considering many complex factors in our algorithm,the recommended food result set meets both health standards and users’dietary preferences.A comparison of our algorithm with others demonstrated that our method offers high accuracy and interpretability.

A Method of Identifying Thunderstorm Clouds in Satellite Cloud Image Based on Clustering

In this paper,the clustering analysis is applied to the satellite image segmentation,and a cloud-based thunderstorm cloud recognition method is proposed in combination with the strong cloud computing power.The method firstly adopts the fuzzy C-means clustering(FCM)to obtain the satellite cloud image segmentation.Secondly,in the cloud image,we dispose the‘high-density connected’pixels in the same cloud clusters and the‘low-density connected’pixels in different cloud clusters.Therefore,we apply the DBSCAN algorithm to the cloud image obtained in the first step to realize cloud cluster knowledge.Finally,using the method of spectral threshold recognition and texture feature recognition in the steps of cloud clusters,thunderstorm cloud clusters are quickly and accurately identified.The experimental results show that cluster analysis has high research and application value in the segmentation processing of meteorological satellite cloud images.

A Revised Satellite Cloud-Derived Wind Inversion Algorithm Based on Computer Cluster

In view of the satellite cloud-derived wind inversion has the characteristics of large scale,intensive computing and time-consuming serial inversion algorithm is very difficult to break through the bottleneck of efficiency.We proposed a parallel acceleration scheme of cloud-derived wind inversion algorithm based on MPI cluster parallel technique in this paper.The divide-and-conquer idea,assigning winds vector inversion tasks to each computing unit,is identified according to a certain strategy.Each computing unit executes the assigned tasks in parallel,namely divide-and-rule the inversion task,so as to reduce the efficiency bottleneck of long inversion time caused by serial time accumulation.In the scheme of parallel acceleration based on MPI cluster,an algorithm based on performance prediction is proposed to effectively implement load balance of MPI clusters.Through the comparative analysis of experiment data using the parallel scheme of this parallel technology framework,it shows that this parallel technology has a certain acceleration effect on the cloud-derived wind inversion algorithm.The speedup of the MPI-based parallel algorithm reaches 14.96,which achieved the expected estimate.At the same time,this paper also proposes an efficiency optimization algorithm for cloud-derived wind inversion.In the case that the inversion of wind vector accuracy loss is minimal,the optimized algorithm execution time can be up to 13 times faster.

Canagliflozin Regulates Ferroptosis, Potentially via Activating AMPK/PGC-1α/Nrf2 Signaling in HFpEF Rats

Aims:Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2(SGLT2)inhibitors have been found to ameliorate major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction(HFpEF),but the exact mechanism is unknown.Ferroptosis is a form of programmed necrosis.Herein,we verified that canagliflozin(CANA)ameliorates heart function in HFpEF rats,partly by regulating ferroptosis,which may be activated by AMPK/PGC-1α/Nrf2 signaling.Methods:An HFpEF model was established and subjected to CANA treatment.Blood pressure was monitored,and echocardiography was performed at the 12th week.Pathological examination was performed,and expression of ferroptosis-associated proteins and AMPK/PGC-1α/Nrf2 signaling related proteins was detected.Results:CANA had an antihypertensive effect and increased E/A ratios in HFpEF rats.Myocardial pathology was ameliorated,on the basis of decreased cross-sectional area and intercellular fibrosis.Acyl-CoA synthetase longchain family member 4(ACSL4)expression increased,whereas ferritin heavy chain 1(FTH1)expression decreased in HFpEF rats,which showed iron overload.CANA reversed changes in ACSL4 and FTH1,and decreased iron accumulation,but did not alter glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4)expression.The expression of AMPK/PGC-1α/Nrf2 signaling related proteins and heme oxygenase 1(HO-1)in the HFpEF group decreased but was reverted after CANA treatment.Conclusions:CANA regulates ferroptosis,potentially via activating AMPK/PGC-1α/Nrf2 signaling in HFpEF rats.

Analysis of Semi-Supervised Text Clustering Algorithm on Marine Data

Semi-supervised clustering improves learning performance as long as it uses a small number of labeled samples to assist un-tagged samples for learning.This paper implements and compares unsupervised and semi-supervised clustering analysis of BOA-Argo ocean text data.Unsupervised K-Means and Affinity Propagation(AP)are two classical clustering algorithms.The Election-AP algorithm is proposed to handle the final cluster number in AP clustering as it has proved to be difficult to control in a suitable range.Semi-supervised samples thermocline data in the BOA-Argo dataset according to the thermocline standard definition,and use this data for semi-supervised cluster analysis.Several semi-supervised clustering algorithms were chosen for comparison of learning performance:Constrained-K-Means,Seeded-K-Means,SAP(Semi-supervised Affinity Propagation),LSAP(Loose Seed AP)and CSAP(Compact Seed AP).In order to adapt the single label,this paper improves the above algorithms to SCKM(improved Constrained-K-Means),SSKM(improved Seeded-K-Means),and SSAP(improved Semi-supervised Affinity Propagationg)to perform semi-supervised clustering analysis on the data.A DSAP(Double Seed AP)semi-supervised clustering algorithm based on compact seeds is proposed as the experimental data shows that DSAP has a better clustering effect.The unsupervised and semi-supervised clustering results are used to analyze the potential patterns of marine data.

Application of Curcumin Microneedles

[Objectives]To prepare curcumin solid dispersion(Cur SD)by the melting method,using povidone(PVP K30),polyethylene glycol 6000(PEG 6000),and poloxamer 188(block polyether F-68,poloxamer 188,F68)as the carrier matrix,the body was directly inverted and pressed to make microneedles,and the dissolution was examined.[Methods]The dissolution in 0.2%sodium lauryl sulfate(SDS)solution within 120 min was studied,and the objects were identified by scanning electron microscopy,differential scanning calorimetry and infrared spectroscopy.[Results]The cumulative dissolution rate of 10%solid dispersion microneedles reached more than 60%in 120 min.The results of object identification also showed that curcumin was dispersed in the carrier matrix in an amorphous state.[Conclusions]Microneedles were well formed and curcumin solid dispersion significantly improved the dissolution of curcumin in 120 min.

Transdermal Study of Curcumin Solid Dispersion Microneedles in vitro

[Objectives]To investigate the in vitro transdermal effect of curcumin solid dispersion needles prepared with povidone K 30(PVP K30),polyethylene glycol 6000(PEG 6000)and poloxamer 188(block polyether F68,poloxamer 188,F68)as carrier matrix,respectively.[Methods]Vertical Franz diffusion cell and HPLC method were used to detect the cumulative penetration and skin retention of the microneedles within 12 h.[Results]Within 12 h,the cumulative penetration of PVP K30 microneedles was as high as 7.098μg/cm2,and the skin retention reached 35.28μg/cm2;PEG 6000 and poloxamer 188 microneedles all showed good transdermal effect;while normal curcumin solid dispersion(control)had no obvious transdermal effect.[Conclusions]The transdermal penetration of curcumin is improved after prepared into solid dispersion microneedles,and among different matrixes,PVP K30 is the best choice.

Preparation and in vitro Evaluation of Salidroside Nanoparticle

[Objectives]To use poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)(PLGA)nanoparticles to improve the bioavailability and brain entrance capability of Salidroside(Sal).[Methods]An emulsion solvent evaporation approach was used to create PLGA nanoparticles(Sal-NP).The preparation parameters were optimized using a single factor experiment.The particle size and zeta potential were determined using the laser particle analyzer,and the morphology of the nanoparticles was observed using transmission electron microscopy.The encapsulation efficiency and drug loading were determined using HPLC.Subsequently,the in vitro drug release was determined using a dynamic dialysis method,and the cellular uptake and cytotoxicity were determined using the bEnd3 cell model.[Results]The ultrasonic time and power for preparing Sal-NP were 6 min and 100 W,respectively.The size of the nanoparticles was 162.0±74.86 nm,and the morphology of Sal-NP was spherical like.After 48 h,the cumulative release of Sal-NP was 62%,indicating that Sal showed a controlled release property in Sal-NP.Cellular uptake study showed that the PLGA nanoparticles remarkably increased the internalization than control group(P<0.001).In addition,Sal-NPs were non-toxic to cells at concentrations ranging from 12.5 to 100μM.[Conclusions]PLGA nanoparticles is promising to be exploited in Alzheimer's disease research due to the increasing absorption and controlled release advantages for Sal.

Simultaneous Determination of Six Active Components of Smilacis Glabrae Rhizome by UPLC-DAD

[Objectives] To determine the content of neoastilbin,astilbin,neoisoastilbin,isoastilbin,engeletin,and resveratrol in Smilacis glabrae rhizome. [Methods] The ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography method with diode array detection( UPLC-DAD) was developed. Analysis conditions as follows: waters Acquity UHPLC HT3 C18 chromatographic column( 2.1 × 100 mm),column temperature 30 ℃,mobile phase acetonitrile( A)-0.1% phosphoric acid( B) gradient elution,flow rate 0.2 mL/min,and detection wavelength 327 nm. [Results]Results indicated that the content of astilbin,neoastilbin,isoastilbin,neoisoastilbin,engeletin,and resveratrol in 10 samples of Smilacis glabrae rhizome was 1.313-6.1755 mg,0.013-3.699 mg,0.146-0.975 mg,0.137-0.7 mg,0.147-0.797 mg,0.077-0.112 mg,respectively. [Conclusions]This method is high efficient,convenient and accurate,and can be used as the method for quality control of Smilacis glabrae rhizome.

卡格列净对动脉粥样硬化小鼠氨基酸代谢的作用

目的探索钠-葡萄糖共转运蛋白-2抑制剂卡格列净防治动脉粥样硬化(AS)的可能机制。方法使用西方饮食饲养ApoE-/-小鼠并随机分为模型组(n=10)和卡格列净组(n=10);普通饲料喂养C57BL/6 J小鼠作为对照组(n=10)。给予卡格列净组小鼠卡格列净每日灌胃。干预周期为14周。留取心脏组织行主动脉根部HE染色和油红O染色以评价造模情况及AS损伤程度;PCR法检测一氧化氮合酶的基因表达。采用RNA-seq和液相-质谱法分别进行小鼠肝脏转录组学分析和氨基酸靶向检测。结果主动脉根部HE染色和油红O染色显示西方饮食饲养ApoE-/-小鼠14周可成功构建AS模型;卡格列净可减少小鼠主动脉根部斑块面积(P=0.012)。肝脏转录组学分析提示卡格列净对ApoE-/-小鼠氨基酸代谢有影响,尤其是精氨酸生物合成途径。氨基酸靶向检测显示,卡格列净可减少肝脏L-丝氨酸、L-天冬氨酸、酪氨酸、L-羟脯氨酸和L-瓜氨酸含量,且增加了L-精氨酸含量(P均<0.05);与模型组比较,卡格列净组血清精氨酸、一氧化氮水平及主动脉一氧化氮合酶mRNA相对表达量均较高(P均<0.05)。结论卡格列净可调节动脉粥样硬化小鼠氨基酸代谢,减少生糖氨基酸,并促进精氨酸的生物合成。

Semi-elastic core-shell nanoparticles enhanced the oral bioavailability of peptide drugs

The rigidity of nanoparticles was newly reported to influence their oral delivery.Semi-elastic nanoparticles can enhance the penetration in mucus and uptake by epithelial cells.However,it is still challenging and unclear that the semi-elastic core-shell nanoparticles can enhance the oral bioavailability of peptide drugs.This study was for the first time to validate the semi-elastic coreshell poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)(PLGA)-lipid nanoparticles(LNPs)as the carrier of the oral peptide drug.The antihypertensive peptide Val-Leu-Pro-Val-Pro(VP5)loaded LNPs(VP5-LNPs)were prepared by a modified thin-film ultrasonic dispersion method.Uptake experiment was performed in Caco-2 and HT-29 cells and monito red by high content screening(HCS)and flow cyto metric(FCM).Pharmacokinetics of VP5-LNPs was carried out in Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats and analyzed by DAS 2.0.The optimal VP5-LNPs had an average particle size of 247.3±3.8 nm,zeta potential of-6.57±0.45 mV and excellent entrapment efficiency(EE)of 89.88%±1.23%.Transmission electron microscope(TEM)and Differential scanning calorimeter(DSC)further confirmed the core-shell structure.VP5-LNPs could increase the cellular uptake in vitro and have a 2.55-fold increase in AUC0-72 h,indicating a great promotion of the o ral bioavailability.The semi-elastic LNPs remarkably improved the oral availability of peptide and could be a promising oral peptide delivery system for peptide drugs in the future.

Synthesis and photoconductivities of bisazo charge generation materials

Six bisazo compounds were synthesized by coupling 2-(49-aminophenyl)-6-aminobenzoxazole as diazo component with N-phenyl-N9-(2-hydroxy-3-naphthoyl)urea derivatives,and characterized by ultraviolet and visible spectroscopy(UV-Vis),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR)and elemental analysis(EA).Using these bisazo compounds as charge generation materials and CT-191(2-methyl-4-(N,N-dibenzyl)aminobenzoaldehyde-1,1-diphenylhydrazone)as charge transportation material,organic photoconductive devices were prepared.The result from photoconductivity measurement of the devices shows that the bisazo compound from N-(2-methylphenyl)-N9-(2-hydroxy-3-naphthoyl)urea has the best xerographic performance,V_(0)=600 V,V_(R)=30 V,R_(d)=15 V·s^(-1),E_(1/2)=3.5 lx·s.

Twist基因蛋白表达在甲状腺乳头状癌诊断与鉴别诊断中的意义

目的探讨Twist基因蛋白在甲状腺乳头状癌中的表达状况，寻找更特异的标记物，用于甲状腺乳头状癌（PTC）与滤泡状腺瘤（FA）和良性乳头病变（BPL）的鉴别诊断。方法以50例PTC为研究组，以48例FA和47例BPL作对照组。在自制组织芯片上行免疫组织化学（SP法）标记，检测Twist基因蛋白和HBME-1，并以CK19进行对照。结果3种指标（Twist、HBME-1、CK19）阳性表达率：在PTC组分别为100％（48／48）、94．0％（47／50）和78．0％（39／50）；在FA组分别为0、6．7％（3／45）和0；在BPL组分别为7．0％（3／43）、2．1％（1／47）和0。PTC组分别与FA和BPL组比较差异均有统计学意义（P=0．000）。3种指标在鉴别诊断甲状腺良、恶性病变的灵敏度分别为：100％、96．4％和97．7％，特异度分别为：94．0％、95．7％和95．1％，准确度分别为：78．0％、100％和91．9％。结论Twist可应用于辅助诊断PTC，并可应用在对FA或BPL的鉴别诊断。