Intelligent Oxygen-Enriched and “Sterilized” Underground Gyms: Background, Dilemmas and Pathways

The in-depth integration of healthy China with national fitness and the hope to achieve the long-term goal of “leading Sports Nation” by 2035, can’t be realized without gyms where people do physical exercise. The international academic community recognizes that the 21st century is the golden time for sustainable and quality development. Taking a national perspective, authors of this paper studied the feasibility of building underground gyms in China through the approach of interdisciplinary research, as well as its dilemmas and pathways, and found out that quality development of underground space can effectively address challenges for large cities in China by increasing the resilience of urban area, and give full engage to underground capacity in striving for the goal of carbon peak and carbon neutrality. Underground gyms can also be incorporated into resident’s 15-min fitness circle, satisfying people’s needs of doing exercise at any time and in an easily-accessible place. However, China’s underground area development has been hindered by unclear property rights, chaotic action and utilization, and relatively backward laws and regulations. Moreover, building underground gyms still has to solve many problems such as poor air quality, severe sweat smell, and excessive bacteria and viruses. It is suggested that the capable authorities shall first clarify laws and regulations over place compound utilization, property rights and fire protection to facilitate the process of building underground gyms;encourage fitness practitioners to explore underground areas as gyms, and transfer their ground business to underground;then produce an intelligent and systematic solution of air quality improvement featuring oxygen-enrichment and “sterilization” with integration, a variety of instruments to monitor air quality of indoor gyms in real-time, to realize automatic control and management, and truly create worry-free and oxygen-enriched underground gyms with no sweat smell and no fear of bacteria and viruses.

Chiral basket-handle porphyrin-Co complexes for the catalyzed asymmetric cycloaddition of CO_2 to epoxides

The catalytic synthesis of cyclic carbonates via the cycloaddition of CO2 to epoxides is a standard methodology for CO2 fixation.For this purpose,chiral basket-handle porphyrin-Co complexes were devised,prepared,and fully characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance,mass spectrometry,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy,and specific rotation.The proposed metalloporphyrin catalysts were synthesized with either 1,1'-bi-2-naphthol or L-phenylalanine,which have different chirality,and then applied to the coupling of propylene oxide and CO2 for generating chiral cyclic carbonates with good enantioselectivity under extremely mild conditions in the presence of tetrabutyl ammonium chloride as a co-catalyst.The good enantioselectivity in the cycloaddition reaction is attributed to a synergistic interplay between the chiral porphyrin catalysts and the substrate.The mechanism and enantioselectivity of the asymmetric cycloaddition reaction is discussed.

Hotspots and trends of biological water treatment based on bibliometric review and patents analysis

In order to reveal the hotspots and trends of biological water treatment from the perspectives of scientific and technological innovation, both of the bibliometric review and patents analysis were performed in this study. The Web of Science Core Collection database and Derwent Innovation Index database recorded 30023 SCI papers and 50326 patents, respectively were analyzed via information visualization technology. The results showed that China ranked the first in both papers and patents, while the United States and Japan had advantages in papers and patents, respectively. It was concluded through literature metrology analysis that microbial population characteristics, biodegradation mechanism,toxicity analysis, nitrogen and phosphorus removal and biological treatment of micropolluted wastewater were the research hotspots of SCI papers. Activated sludge process and anaerobic-aerobic combined process were the two mainstream technologies on the basis of patent technology classification analysis. Technology evolution path of biological water treatment was also elucidated in three stages based on the citation network analysis. Furthermore, the future directions including research on the law of interaction and regulation of biological phases and pollutants and the technology innovations towards the targeted biotransformation or selective biodegradation of pollutants and resource reuse of wastewater were prospected.

The Future of Environmental Engineering Technology:A Disruptive Innovation Perspective

Scientific and technological revolutions and industrial transformations have accelerated the rate of innovation in environmental engineering technologies.However,few researchers have evaluated the current status and future trends of technologies.This paper summarizes the current research status in eight major subfields of environmental engineering—water treatment,air pollution control,soil/solid waste management,environmental biotechnology,environmental engineering equipment,emerging contaminants,synergistic reduction of pollution and carbon emissions,and environmental risk and intelligent management—based on bibliometric analysis and future trends in greenization,low carbonization,and intelligentization.Disruptive technologies are further identified based on discontinuous transformation,and ten such technologies are proposed,covering general and specific fields,technical links,and value sources.Additionally,the background and key innovations in disruptive technologies are elucidated in detail.This study not only provides a scientific basis for strategic decision-making,planning,and implementation in the environmental engineering field but also offers methodological guidance for the research and determination of breakthrough technologies in other areas.

温州某医院258例真菌性角膜炎诊疗分析

目的:通过分析温州地区真菌性角膜炎患者的病原学、药敏、实验室检查及治疗方式等,进一步为真菌性角膜炎的诊疗及预后评估提供依据。方法:回顾性研究。收集2017年1月至2019年12月在温州医科大学附属眼视光医院拟诊为真菌性角膜炎患者共258例(258眼),将患者分别按性别、年龄、职业、致病因素、致病菌属分为男性组和女性组,老年组(≥65岁)和非老年组(<65岁),农民组和非农民组,植物伤组和非植物伤组,镰刀菌属组和非镰刀菌属组,分别统计各组的手术率。采用χ^2检验对各因素与手术率之间的关系进行分析比较,同时对病原学检查的阳性检出率做比较,并统计主要致病菌的药敏情况。结果:9─11月份是真菌性角膜炎的高发期,占全年的48.1%,其中农民(60.5%)为主要的患病人群。植物伤(34.5%)为首要致病因素。镰刀菌属(45.3%)是主要的致病菌。真菌培养的阳性率为68.6%,高于涂片检查的43.0%(χ^2=4.522,P=0.033)。镰刀菌属对两性霉素B、伊曲康唑、伏立康唑的最小抑菌浓度值的几何均数分别为4.283、17.290、1.105μg/ml;曲霉菌属分别为3.389、2.661、0.125μg/ml;链格孢属分别为0.604、0.531、0.258μg/ml;假丝酵母菌属分别为0.317、0.552、0.047μg/ml。258例真菌性角膜炎患者中,44例(17.0%)接受了手术治疗,进一步分析发现老年患者(χ^2=5.293,P=0.036),植物伤患者(χ^2=11.386,P=0.001),镰刀菌属感染患者(χ^2=3.939,P=0.044)的手术概率较高。结论:镰刀菌属是温州地区真菌性角膜炎的主要致病菌,而植物伤为首要致病因素。老年患者、植物伤以及镰刀菌属感染导致的真菌性角膜炎较严重,需要手术治疗的概率更高。

The Meso-inhomogeneous Deformation of Pure Copper under Tension-Compression Cyclic Strain Loading

The investigation based on experiments and crystal plasticity simulation is carried out to undertake research on mesodeformation inhomogeneity of metals under cyclic loading at grain level.Symmetrical tension-compression cycle tests are performed on pure copper specimens to observe the inhomogeneous distribution of slip deformation and its evolution with cycle number.Cyclic hardening process and stable hysteretic behavior of pure copper under cyclic loading are simulated by applying a crystal plasticity constitutive model including nonlinear kinematic hardening associated with the polycrystalline representative volume element(RVE)constructed by Voronoi tessellation.Inhomogeneous deformation processes of materials under six different strain amplitudes are simulated by 1600 cycles,respectively.We discuss the variation law of the inhomogeneous meso-deformation distribution of material with the increase in cycle number,and research the rationality of characterizing the inhomogeneous deformation distribution and variation with the statistical standard deviation of the micro-longitudinal strain or the statistical average of the first principal strain based on the statistical analysis of the inhomogeneous deformation of the polycrystalline RVE model during the cycling process.It is found that these two parameters are related to and approximately inversely proportional to the length of measuring gauge.