Identification of candidate genes that regulate the trade-off between seedling cold tolerance and fruit quality in melon (Cucumis melo L.)

Trade-offs between survival and growth are widely observed in plants.Melon is an annual,trailing herb that produces economically valuable fruits that are traditionally cultivated in early spring in China.Melon seedlings are sensitive to low temperatures,and thus usually suffer from cold stress during the early growth period.However,little is known about the mechanism behind the trade-offs between seedling cold tolerance and fruit quality in melon.In this study,a total of 31 primary metabolites were detected from the mature fruits of eight melon lines that differ with respect to seedling cold tolerance;these included 12 amino acids,10 organic acids,and 9 soluble sugars.Our results showed that concentrations of most of the primary metabolites in the cold-resistant melons were generally lower than in the cold-sensitive melons;the greatest difference in metabolite levels was observed between the cold-resistant line H581 and the moderately cold-resistant line HH09.The metabolite and transcriptome data for these two lines were then subjected to weighted correlation network analysis,resulting in the identification of five key candidate genes underlying the balancing between seedling cold tolerance and fruit quality.Among these genes,CmEAF7 might play multiple roles in regulating chloroplast development,photosynthesis,and the ABA pathway.Furthermore,multi-method functional analysis showed that CmEAF7 can certainly improve both seedling cold tolerance and fruit quality in melon.Our study identified an agriculturally important gene,CmEAF7,and provides a new insight into breeding methods to develop melon cultivars with seedling cold tolerance and high fruit quality.

Silencing of the Nonspecific Phospholipase C6(NPC6)Gene Induces Ricinoleic Acid Accumulation in Castor Seeds

Castor,scientifically known as Ricinus communis L.,is among the top ten oil crops globally.It is considered a renewable resource and is commonly referred to as‘green oil’.Castor seeds contain castor oil as their main component,which is predominantly composed of ricinoleic acid.This study utilized RNAi technology to silence the NPC6 gene in NO.2129 castor,resulting in the creation of mutant plants L1 and L2.The weight of 100 dry seed kernels from L1 and L2 exceeds that from NO.2129.The crude fat and ricinoleic acid levels of L1 and L2 were higher than those of NO.2129 at various developmental stages.In the proteomics analysis of 60-day-old castor seeds,a total of 21 differentially expressed proteins were identified,out of which 19 were successfully recognized.Eleven of the differentially expressed proteins identified were legumins,which play a crucial role in nutrient storage within the seed.Silencing the NPC6 gene results in the accumulation of ricinoleic acid in castor seeds.The findings of this study not only enhance our knowledge of NPC6’s role in regulating castor seed oil synthesis but also offer fresh perspectives for investigating oil synthesis and accumulation in other plant species.

Establishment of the Effectiveness of Follow-Up Protocols for Patients under COVID-19 Epidemic

Objectives: To control the Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) epidemic, it is meaningful to improve the home quarantine ability and home-quarantine compliancy of patients released from medical isolation, and to prevent cross-contamination. This study aimed to up protocols for COVID-19 patients released from medical isolation. Methods: A total of 35 patients discharged from the isolation ward of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Sun Yat-sen University from January 22, 2020 to February 18, 2020 were included. The patients received health education through discharge preparation, education leaflets and videos. The patients were followed up on the 2nd, 7th and 14th day after discharge through WeChat and phone call. On the 2nd and 14th day after discharge, the patients completed the knowledge assessment, self-perceived burden survey and satisfaction survey using a self-made home quarantine knowledge paper. Results: There were statistical differences in the knowledge and understanding of home quarantine and self-perceived burden between the 2nd day and 14th day after home quarantine (P < 0.05). The completion rate of home quarantine was 94.3%, and the satisfaction rate was 96.7%. Conclusion: By improving the discharge preparation, conducting in-time follow-up after discharge via WeChat and phone call, and performing multi-channel health education, the follow-up researchers could help the patients perform a more effective home quarantine, which could effectively prevent the spread of COVID-19 epidemic.

Application of Intelligent Equipment on Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Designated Hospital

Objective: To explore the application of intelligent equipment in non-negative pressure isolation ward for COVID-2019 patients. Method: From February 1 to March 17, 2020, intelligent equipment, such as communication interaction system, intelligent disinfection robot, delivering robot, were used in non- negative pressure isolation ward of COVID-2019. With the help of communication interaction system to supervise the implementation of infection prevention and control, and observe the incorrect situation of pee use and personal behavior before and after the implementation. The disinfection robot and meal delivery robot were used in ward disinfection and life nursing combined with nursing practice. Result: Through the supervision of communication interaction system, the frequency of pee use and personal behavior was reduced. The frequency of bad articles before and after improvement was wearing protective clothing (2.80%/0.84%), taking off protective clothing (5.87%/0.84%), personal behavior observation (8.38%/1.90%), P < 0.01. The robot disinfected and delivered medicine for 912.5 h, saving 225 shifts of nursing staff. Conclusion: Intelligent equipment is a good option for infection control in isolation ward of COVID-2019. It can not only reduce the workload of health workers, but also the cross-infection.

单纳米粒子表面的甲醇电催化氧化过程

由于全球资源短缺和环境污染等问题日益加剧,开发利用洁净高效的新能源已成为当今社会研究热点.其中,直接甲醇燃料电池(DMFC)具有低温启动、无需重整制氢、洁净环保和体积小巧等特性,展现出较好的应用前景.DMFC的阳极反应为甲醇氧化反应,甲醇的完全氧化涉及到复杂的六步电子转移反应过程.揭示甲醇氧化的反应路径与机理,阐明催化剂的真实活性中心以及毒化效应,对于高效催化剂的设计和制备至关重要.随着纳米技术的发展,在单颗粒水平对纳米催化剂进行表征受到了越来越多的关注.因此,亟需发展具有高灵敏度的原位界面表征方法,实现纳米尺度的精准测量,排除催化剂平均效应,获取纳米表界面真实的催化反应信息.本文结合纳米等离子共振散射光谱与电化学技术,获得了单个纳米催化剂的同步光电响应信号,实现单颗粒水平纳米粒子表面化学、电化学反应过程(如电荷转移、分子吸附等)的高灵敏监测,揭示纳米尺度表界面催化反应机制.利用这一技术,动态监测了单个金/铂包金纳米颗粒表面的甲醇氧化过程.结果表明,在金纳米颗粒表面,甲醇氧化主要通过HCOOH路径,生成产物为HCOOH或CO_(2).其中,反应中间体与羟基离子的竞争性吸附起到重要作用,反应决速步为Au-OH和Au-CHO的共吸附.而铂催化甲醇氧化主要经过CO路径,决速步为Pt-OH和Pt-CO氧化生成Pt-COOH过程.此外,观测到金和铂氢氧化物为催化反应的活性物种,进一步证实了金属氧化物对于催化活性的钝化作用.结合密度泛函理论模拟,明确了甲醇氧化反应中间体吸附与金属氢氧化物演变之间的内在联系.综上,本文利用纳米等离子共振散射光谱,原位监测了单个纳米粒子表面的甲醇电催化氧化过程,实现了催化剂真实活性物种演变与失活过程的直接观测,揭示了不同催化剂表面的决速步骤,为提高催化反应效率提供了更加准确的反应信息.本文将有益于纳米等离子共振散射光谱在电催化反应高灵敏监测方面的广泛应用,并为高效甲醇催化剂的制备提供参考.

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide treatment confers resistance to neonatal ischemia and hypoxia:effects on neurobehavioral phenotypes

Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury is the main cause of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and cerebral palsy.Currently,there are few effective clinical treatments for neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury.Here,we investigated the neuroprotective and molecular mechanisms of exogenous nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide,which can protect against hypoxic injury in adulthood,in a mouse model of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury.In this study,nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(5 mg/kg)was intraperitoneally administered 30 minutes befo re surgery and every 24 hours thereafter.The results showed that nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide treatment improved body weight,brain structure,adenosine triphosphate levels,oxidative damage,neurobehavioral test outcomes,and seizure threshold in experimental mice.Tandem mass tag proteomics revealed that numerous proteins were altered after nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide treatment in hypoxic-ischemic brain injury mice.Parallel reaction monitoring and western blotting confirmed changes in the expression levels of proteins including serine(or cysteine)peptidase inhibitor,clade A,member 3N,fibronectin 1,5'-nucleotidase,cytosolic IA,microtubule associated protein 2,and complexin 2.Proteomics analyses showed that nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide ameliorated hypoxic-ischemic injury through inflammation-related signaling pathways(e.g.,nuclear factor-kappa B,mitogen-activated protein kinase,and phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/protein kinase B).These findings suggest that nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide treatment can improve neurobehavioral phenotypes in hypoxic-ischemic brain injury mice through inflammation-related pathways.

Oncogenic induction of cellular high CpG methylation by Epstein-Barr Barr virus in malignant epithelial cells

Epstein-Barr virus(EBV)is a well-known human herpesvirus associated with virtually all nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC)and^10%of gastric cancer(GC)worldwide.Increasing evidence shows that acquired genetic and epigenetic alterations lead to the initiation and progression of NPC and GC.However,even deep whole exome sequencing studies showed a relatively low frequency of gene mutations in NPC and EBV-associated GC(EBVa GC),suggesting a predominant role of epigenetic abnormities,especially promoter Cp G methylation,in the pathogenesis of NPC and EBVa GC.High frequencies of promoter methylation of tumor suppressor genes(TSGs)have been frequently reported in NPC and EBVa GC,with several EBV-induced methylated TSGs identified.Further characterization of the epigenomes(genome-wide Cp G methylation profile—methylome)of NPC and EBVa GC shows that these EBV-associated tumors display a unique high Cp G methylation epigenotype with more extensive gene methylation accumulation,indicating that EBV acts as a direct epigenetic driver for these cancers.Mechanistically,oncogenic modulation of cellular Cp G methylation machinery,such as DNA methyltransferases(DNMTs),by EBV-encoded viral proteins accounts for the EBV-induced high Cp G methylation epigenotype in NPC and EBVa GC.Thus,uncovering the EBV-associated unique epigenotype of NPC and EBVa GC would provide new insight into the molecular pathogenesis of these unique EBVassociated tumors and further help to develop pharmacologic strategies targeting cellular methylation machinery in these malignancies.

Periodontitis may induce gut microbiota dysbiosis via salivary microbiota

The aim of this study was to identify whether periodontitis induces gut microbiota dysbiosis via invasion by salivary microbes.First,faecal and salivary samples were collected from periodontally healthy participants(PH group,n=16)and patients with severe periodontitis(SP group,n=21)and analysed by 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing.Significant differences were observed in both the faecal and salivary microbiota between the PH and SP groups.Notably,more saliva-sourced microbes were observed in the faecal samples of the SP group.Then,the remaining salivary microbes were transplanted into C57BL6/J mice(the C-PH group and the C-SP group),and it was found that the composition of the gut microbiota of the C-SP group was significantly different from that of the C-PH group,with Porphyromonadaceae and Fusobacterium being significantly enriched in the C-SP group.In the colon,the C-SP group showed significantly reduced crypt depth and zonula occludens-1 expression.The m RNA expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines,chemokines and tight junction proteins were significantly higher in the C-SP group.To further investigate whether salivary bacteria could persist in the intestine,the salivary microbiota was stained with carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester and transplanted into mice.We found that salivary microbes from both the PH group and the SP group could persist in the gut for at least 24 h.Thus,our data demonstrate that periodontitis may induce gut microbiota dysbiosis through the influx of salivary microbes.

Mechanisms of inhibition by aspirin of endometrial carcinoma cell proliferation, migration and invasion

Objective:To investigate the effects and mechanisms of aspirin on the proliferation,migration and invasion of endometrial carcinoma HEC-1 A cell lines.Methods:HEC-1 Acells were cultured to the exponential phase and treated with different concentrations of aspirin(0.625 mmol/L,1.25 mmol/L,2.5 mmol/L,5 mmol/L and 10 mmol/L)for 24 to 120 hours.Cell proliferation was assessed by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT)assay.The migration and invasion of HEC-1 Acells were detected by transwell assay.The protein expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)and ascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2(VEGFR-2)in HEC-1 Acells were determined by western blotting.Results:MTT results showed that aspirin inhibited the growth and proliferation of endometrial cancer cells in concentration and time-dependent manner.Aspirin had a significant inhibitory effect on the migration and invasion of HEC-1 Acells(P<0.05).In addition,aspirin obviously suppressed concentration-dependently the expression levels of VEGF and VEGFR-2(P<0.05).Conclusion:Aspirin could inhibit the proliferation,migration and invasion of endometrial cancer cells.The anti-tumor mechanism of aspirin might be related to the inhibition of tumor angiogenesis via blocking the VEGF/VEGFR-2 signaling pathway.

An analysis on ecological civilization construction in Gansu based on a quantified SWOT framework

Ecological civilization （EC） construction has become one of the key elements of China＇s reform and development process, since it was put forward at the 17th National People＇s Congress （NPC） in 2007 and improved at the 18th NPC in 2012, and stressed at the third plenary session of the 18th NPC. The provincial areas are the most important pilot units of EC strategy. Therefore, research on EC at the provincial level can meet the practical demand for EC in China. Based on the existing provincial circumstances in Gansu and its significant position as an ecological barrier in northwestern China, and aiming at the core issue of why and how to build EC in Gansu, this paper employs SWOT （strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats） analysis, the Delphi method, and a combined quantitative analysis and coordinate method, and then calculates the relevant strategic orientation angle （0 = 1.4605） and strength coefficient （p = 0.53）. The results show that Gansu should take an opportunities-dominated strategy, and choose opportunity-strength measures, so the province can increase its in- ternal strengths and decrease its weaknesses with external promote an EC construction strategy. opportunities. Specific measures are recommended to actively

Simultaneous Determination of Effective Components of Gegen Qinlian Tablets by HPLC

[Objectives]To establish a HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of 14 characteristic components in Gegen Qinlian tablets and the content of Gegen Qinlian tablets in 11 manufacturers.[Methods]A Inertsil ODS-3(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography column was used with acetonitrile-0.02 mol/L ammonium acetate+0.03%triethylamine solution(adjusted with glacial acetic acid to pH of 4.3)as the mobile phase for gradient elution at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min.The determination wavelength of 8 components(puerarin,daidzin,liquiritin,baicalin,wogonoside,daidzein,ammonium glycyrrhizinate,baicalein)was 250 nm;the determination wavelength of wogonoside was 280 nm;the determination wavelength of 5 components(epierberine,jatrorrhizine hydrochloride,coptisine,palmatine hydrochloride and berberine hydrochloride)was 346 nm.[Results]There was a good linear relationship between the injection volume of puerarin,daidzin,liquiritin,baicalin,wogonoside,epierberine,jatrorrhizine hydrochloride,coptisine,daidzein,palmatine hydrochloride,ammonium glycyrrhizinate,berberine hydrochloride,baicalein and wogonin and peak area(r>0.9990)in the range of 146.26-5850.24,24.13-965.04,18.45-738.00,79.18-3167.32,9.57-382.80,4.76-190.40,2.57-102.80,13.41-536.40,10.60-424.00,11.33-453.22,12.08-483.20,46.73-1869.25,20.28-811.20,12.11-484.50 ng,respectively;the average recovery rates(n=6)were 2.18%,1.79%,1.81%,1.68%,2.27%,2.13%,1.96%,1.07%,0.93%,0.61%,2.92%,0.77%,2.79%and 0.62%,respectively;the precision,repeatability and stability were good,and the RSD was less than 3%.This method was used to determine 16 batches of Gegen Qinlian tablets produced by 11 enterprises.Wogonoside was not detected in a lot of samples,but 14 components were detected for other enterprises,but the content was different.[Conclusions]The method was accurate and feasible and could be used for the overall quality control of this variety.

The evolution and enlightenment of water resourcesaccounting from accounts to balance sheet

The Third Plenary Session of the 18 th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China has proposed an important national strategic decision: to explore and establish the balance sheet of natural resources, to implement leaders’ of-office auditing system about natural resources assets. Water is one of the most essential nature resources of human beings; water resources accounting, as an important water resources management tool, is an essential part of compiling the natural resources balance sheet. In this paper, we provide a summary of the historic evolution of water resources accounting and analyze its application in some typical countries. Although water resources accounting and water resources balance sheet reflect different implications and focus, both require water resources accounts as the basis in system establishment.

Effects of Several Factors on Trapping Quantity of Grapholitha molesta Busck by Sex Pheromone

The key application technology for sex pheromone of Grapholitha molesta was studied from the aspects of different hanging heights and orientations, dif- ferent doses and types of traps through the tests on trapping quantity of G. molesta in fields. The results showed that the trapping effect was enhanced when the hanging height was increased, and the trapping effect was the best in west direction. The trapping effect was enhanced when the dosage was increased. When it was up to 6 lures, the trapping effect was the best with 38.75 head/trap; the next was 2 lures with 31.00 head/trap. All types of traps had trapping ability to G. mo- lesta, among which triangle trapper was the best, followed by self-made bottle trap. Their trapping effects were 138.75 and 100.25 head/trap, respectively.

Application of Five-in-One Community Management Mode plus Wuhan’s Regional WeChat Platform in the Novel Coronavirus Control

In this study, the five-in-one community mass prevention and mass treatment group established in Wuhan to curb novel coronavirus outbreak in 2019 to 2020 is introduced. Various public health propaganda methods are used, including community loudspeakers and community bulletin boards. In the meantime, WeChat platform account named “Wuhan neighborhood on WeChat” is registered and opened, and a Group Chat on WeChat is created for grid management. A diversity of on-line and off-line countermeasures against the novel coronavirus outbreak are implemented via the WeChat platform: three-early measures (early discovery, early reporting, and early treatment), centralized management, community-based reporting, hierarchical diagnosis, and treatment system, isolation of mild patients at designated facilities, diagnosis and treatment appointment system for patients with fever, patient transferral in special vehicles, terminal disinfection at homes, psychological support and daily caring plan for special populations. This WeChat platform allows for an all-region, all-around, all-time and entire population-coverage control of novel coronavirus outbreak, with the extension and strengthening of health propaganda, guidance for seeking medical assistance, mass prevention and mass treatment, and health self-management among the community residents. Great effect has been achieved in novel coronavirus control so far. The five-in-one community management mode of Wuhan plus “Wuhan neighborhood on WeChat” plays an important role in relieving the shortage of health service resources and resolving the problem of limited service scope of professional medical staff in Wuhan, and ultimately contributes to the overall novel coronavirus control.

Evaluation on Application and Spraying Effect of Air-Assisted Sprayer in Apple Orchard with Dwarfing Rootstocks

The application and spraying effect of 3 WG-1200 A air-assisted sprayer in dwarfing rootstock apple orchard were evaluated by investigating the droplet density, coverage and volume median diameter(VMD) in different canopy layers(2.0, 1.5, 1.0 m) and five directions(east, south, west, north and middle) of apple trees. The results showed that the droplet density was 166.99 per square centimeter, the coverage was 48.23%, and the VMD was 138.63 μm. The droplet density in different canopy layers of the trees had consistent trend with the coverage. The droplet density and coverage in the upper and middle canopy(2.0 m and 1.5 m) had no significant difference, but they were both higher than those in the lower canopy, while the VMD in different canopy layers showed an opposite trend. The change trends of the coverage and VMD in the five directions were consistent, and the values in the middle and east were the highest, followed by the north, south and west, respectively. The results indicated that droplet characteristics of the 3 WG-1200 A air-assisted sprayer met the basic requirements for pest and pathogen control. This study provides a theoretical basis and data support for the application and improvement of orchard application equipments in dwarfing rootstock apple orchard.

Effects of Sand Grain Size on Habitat Selection in Steppe Toad-headed Lizard(Phrynocephalus frontalis)

To understand the effects of sand grain size on habitat selection, we conducted a field study on the steppe toad-headed lizard in Hunshandake Desert northern China. Methods of mark-recapture and transect survey were used to investigate the density of steppe toad-headed lizards and the environmental variables. The comparison on lizard densities among the habitats with different environmental factors revealed that： 1） population density of the steppe toad-headed lizard differed significantly among the habitats with different sand grain size indexes（SGSIs, representing roughness of sand substrate）： the highest lizard density was found in the group with an SGSI of 〉 0.30, whereas the lowest density was found in the group with an SGSI of 0–0.15; and 2） vegetation cover, soil moisture, invertebrate diversity index, and abundance had no significant effects on the lizard density. These results implied that the sand grain size was the most important determinant of habitat selection for steppe toad-headed lizards in Hunshandake Desert. Steppe toad-headed lizards could avoid structural habitats that have negative effects on their maximal sprinting capabilities. Considering the changing sand grain size in the development phase of sand dunes, the sand lizard could be used as an indicator of the process of desertification.

Functional Studies of Castor(Ricinus communis L.)PLC Family Genes in Arabidopsis Inflorescence Development

Castor(Ricinus communis L.)is one of the top 10 oil crops in the world,and inflorescence is a trait that directly affects its yield.Phospholipase C(PLCs)is involved in many plant activities and metabolic processes.To study the functions of PLC family genes in the regulation of the inflorescence development of the female line of Lm-type castor aLmAB2,we determined the expression levels of six PLC family genes of three types of inflorescences of aLmAB2(isofemale line,female line,bisexual line)at different developmental stages.The results showed that the 6 genes of the castor PLC family had relative expression levels at different developmental stages of the three types of inflorescences.The subcellular location of all six protein products was the cell membrane.The six genes were heterologously overexpressed in Arabidopsis thaliana to obtain the T3 generation-resistant Arabidopsis thaliana plants.The results showed that the overexpression of six genes significantly promoted the maturation of Arabidopsis thaliana,the growth of lateral moss,and the development of flowers and pods,but the development of basal leaves and stem leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana was significantly inhibited.According to homology analysis,it is speculated that PLC2,PLC2M,PLC2N,PLC4,PLC4X2,and PLC6 genes have the same regulatory function.

循证护理在急性心肌梗死护理中的应用效果观察及有效性分析

目的探讨观察循证护理在急性心肌梗死护理中的应用效果及有效性。方法选择78例急性心肌梗死患者,采用双盲法进行分组,设为对照组和研究组,每组39例,对照组给予常规护理,研究组给予循证护理,比较护理效果。结果与对照组比较,研究组的并发症发生率更低,差异显著(P<0.05);研究组的住院时间比对照组短,而护理满意度高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论急性心肌梗死护理中,循证护理的效果显著,建议推广。

YKL-40基因沉默对裸鼠子宫内膜癌移植瘤生长及CD68表达的影响（英文）

目的:探讨YKL-40基因沉默对裸鼠子宫内膜癌移植瘤生长及CD68表达的影响。方法:采用小干扰RNA技术沉默人子宫内膜癌(HEC)-1A细胞中的YKL-40基因,将HEC-1A细胞分为对照组(未经慢病毒转染)、空载体组(只转染空病毒)和YKL-40-siRNA组(转染带有YKL-40siRNA干扰片段慢病毒)。将HEC-1A细胞皮下注射于4周龄BALB/c裸鼠腋窝,建立裸鼠子宫内膜癌模型,观察裸鼠移植瘤的生长情况。采用免疫组化法检测裸鼠移植瘤组织中YKL-40和CD68的表达水平。结果:YKL-40-siRNA组移植瘤体积明显小于阴性对照组和空白对照组(均P<0.05)。重组慢病毒载体YKL-40-siRNA注射组裸鼠肿瘤组织中YKL-40表达水平显著降低(P<0.05)。YKL-40表达的抑制降低了CD68在肿瘤组织中的表达(P<0.05)。相关分析表明,YKL-40在裸鼠肿瘤组织中的表达与CD68的表达呈正相关关系。结论:沉默YKL-40基因可抑制子宫内膜癌肿瘤的生长,降低CD68的表达。

Preparation of WO3 thin films by dip film-drawing for photoelectrochemical performance

Here we report the WO3 thin films on F-doped SnO2 conducting glass (FTO) substrates which were prepared by using dip film-drawing method. Dip film-drawing was a simple, convenient, economical method and in largescale to prepare photoanodes for future applications. The FTO substrates were dipped in tungstic acid solution then film-drawn included 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 times for prepared different thicknesses of WO3 thin film photoanodes. Then the photoa no des were employed as the electrodes in photoelectrochemical property Keywords: WO3 thin films Dip film-drawing Photoelectrochemical Thicknesses Large-scale measurements, which include scan linear sweep, repeated on/off illumination cycles, electrochemical impedanee spectroscopy and incident phot on to current conversion efficiency, respectively. The results showed that the WO3 thin films dipped 9 times with 175 nm thicknesses had the best photoelectrochemical performance of 0.067 mA·cm^-2 at 1.23 V versus RHE.