基于网络药理学探讨阳和汤对软组织肉瘤和动脉硬化闭塞症“异病同治”的作用机制

目的:在中医学对疾病病因病机认识的指导下,通过网络药理学方法探讨阳和汤“异病同治”软组织肉瘤和动脉硬化闭塞症的作用机制,为中医学“异病同治”理论提供现代医学证据。方法:通过TCMSP数据库及文献检索获取候选化合物及化合物潜在作用靶点,在GeneCards数据库、DisGeNET数据库、Drugbank数据库搜集软组织肉瘤和动脉硬化闭塞症的相关疾病靶点,找到化合物与两种疾病的共有靶点;通过STRING 11.0数据库,得出共有靶点的蛋白质间相互作用关系并导入Cytoscape 3.7.2绘制共有靶点蛋白质间相互作用网络并进行网络拓扑分析,筛选出关键共有靶点;采用Metascape对关键共有靶点进行G0功能富集分析及KEGG通路富集分析,并构建“化合物-靶点-通路”网络图。结果:本研究通过网络药理学方法筛选出阳和汤“异病同治”软组织肉瘤和动脉硬化闭塞症的重要信号通路有AGE-RAGE信号通路、IL-17信号通路、HIF-1信号通路、TNF信号通路、细胞因子与细胞因子受体的相互作用、Th17细胞分化、NOD样受体信号通路;在参与这些通路的化合物和靶点中,槲皮素、木樨草素、山奈酚是本研究的核心化合物;TNF、IL-6、MAPK1是本研究的核心靶点。结论:本研究揭示了阳和汤“异病同治”软组织肉瘤和动脉硬化闭塞症的机制主要涉及细胞增殖、分化,血管生成,炎症,免疫应答,氧化应激等相关的信号通路,为后期的实验研究提供参考。

Broadband Pulsed Fiber Laser Generation with Topological Insulator: Towards the Mid-Infrared Regime

In recent years, topological insulators have aroused the attention of a great number of scientists due to their unique electronic structures and peculiar physical properties. Triggered by the similar electronic structures as graphene, the broadband nonlinear absorption properties of topological insulator were investigated. Moreover, the mode-locked or Q-switched fiber lasers based on topological insulator were realized for broadband operating wavelength. Here, we present an overview of the preparation, transferring, linear and nonlinear optical properties and their applications of topological insulators in pulsed fiber lasers. The pulsed fiber lasers towards mid- infrared regimes have been proposed.

Severe graft-versus-host disease post allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation due to loss of HLA heterozygosity in recipient lymphocytes after full graft rejection

Germ cell tumors complicated by hematological malignancy(HM)are a rare clinical phenomenon.Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(allo-HSCT)is a potentially effective therapy,but graft-versus-host disease(GVHD)is a life-threatening complication.We report a case of a 13-year-old female patient diagnosed with germ cell tumors followed by acute lymphoblastic leukemia.After chemotherapy,she received allo-HSCT and her chimerism rate decreased rapidly to near zero by 6 months without evidence of HM recurrence.However,she developed severe,multiorgan GVHD-like manifestations.DNA analysis revealed the pathogenesis of GVHD to be loss of HLA heterozygosity in recipient hematopoietic cells.

多环芳烃污染土壤生物修复研究进展

多环芳烃(Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,PAHs)是一类广泛分布于环境中的持久性污染物,结构稳定、难以降解,对生态环境和生物具有“三致”毒害性,其环境去除和修复备受关注。绿色、安全、经济的生物修复技术被广泛应用于PAHs污染土壤的修复。本文从土壤中PAHs的来源、迁移、归趋和污染水平总结了目前我国土壤多环芳烃污染的基本状况;归纳了具有PAHs降解作用的微生物、植物种类及机理;比较了微生物修复、植物修复和联合修复3类主要的生物修复技术。指出植物与微生物的互作机理的解析,抗逆菌株、植株的筛选与培育,实际应用的安全和效能评估应成为多环芳烃污染土壤修复领域未来的研究方向。

Microbiome analysis and-omics studies of microbial denitrification processes in wastewater treatment: recent advances

Nitrogen pollution is an increasingly severe worldwide problem because of drainage of nitrogen-containing wastewater and intensive application of nitrogen-containing fertilizers. Denitrification, a key process in nitrogen cycles, is commonly employed for nitrogen removal in engineered wastewater treatment systems. Biological denitrification is performed by denitrifying microbes(bacteria) that use nitrate as terminal electron acceptor. Better understanding the functions of diverse microbial populations in denitrification-based wastewater treatment systems, and the interactions of these populations with operating environments, is essential for improving both treatment performance and system stability. Recent advances in "meta-omics"(e.g., genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics), other molecular biology tools, and microbiome analysis have greatly enhanced such understanding. This minireview summarizes recent findings regarding microbial community structure and composition, key functional microbes and their physiology, functional genes involved in nitrogen cycle, and responses of microbes and their genes to changes of environmental factors or operating parameters, in denitrification processes in wastewater treatment systems. Of particular interest are heterotrophic denitrification systems(which require alternative organic carbon sources) and the autotrophic denitrification systems(which do not require an external carbon source). Integrated microbiome and-omics approaches have great future potential for determination of optimal environmental and biotechnological parameters,novel process development, and improvement of nitrogen removal efficiency and system stability.

Tunable Schottky barrier width and enormously enhanced photoresponsivity in Sb doped SnS2 monolayer

Doping, which is the intentional introducti on of impurities into a material, can improve the metal-semiconductor interface by reducing Schottky barrier width. Here, we prese nt high-quality two-dime nsional SnS2 nano sheets with well-controlled Sb dopi ng concen tration via direct vapor growth approach and following micromechanical cleavage process. X-ray photoelectro n spectroscopy (XPS) measureme nt dem on strates that Sb contents of the doped samples are approximately 0.22%, 0.34% and 1.21%, respectively, and doping in duces the upward shift of the Fermi level with respect to the pristi ne SnS2. Tran smissio n electro n microscopy (TEM) characterizatio n exhibits that Sb-doped SnS2 nano sheets have a high-quality hexagonal symmetry structure and Sb element is uniformly distributed in the nano sheets. The phototra nsistors based on the Sb-doped SnS2 mono layers show n-type behavior with high mobility which is one order of magn itude higher than that of pristi ne SnS2 phototra nsistors. The photorespo nsivity and exter nal quantum efficiency (EQE) of Sb-S nS2 mono layers phototra nsistors are approximately three orders of magnitude higher than that of pristine SnS2 phototransistor. The results suggest that the method of reducing Shottky barrier width to achieve high mobility and photoresp on sivity is effective, and Sb-doped SnS2 mono layer has significant potential in future nanoelectronic and optoelectronic applications.

High-performance asymmetric electrodes photodiode based on Sb/WSe2 heterostructure

Two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdWs) metal-semiconductor heterostructures with atomically sharp interface and matched work functions have recently attracted great attention due to their unique electronic and optoelectronic properties. Here we report the vapor phase epitaxial growth of large-scale vertical Sb/WSe2 metal-semiconductor vdWs heterostructures with uniform stacking orientation. Compared with the growth on S1O2/S1 substrate, the thick ness of Sb nan osheet on WSe2 can be reduced effectively to mono layer. We con struct Sb-WSe2-Au asymmetric electrodes photodiode based on the Sb/WSe2 heterostructures. Electrical transport measurements indicate that the photodiode show obvious rectifying effect. Optoelectronic characterizations show prominent photoresponse with a high photoresposivity of 364 mA/W, a fast response time of less than 8 ms, a large open-circuit voltage of 0.27 V and a maximum electrical power output of 0.11 nW. The direct growth of high-quality metal-semiconductor vdWs heterostructures may open up new realms in 2D functional electronics and optoelectronics.

Highly stable femtosecond pulse generation from a MXene Ti_3C_2T_x(T = F, O, or OH) mode-locked fiber laser

Ultrafast fiber lasers are in great demand for various applications, such as optical communication, spectroscopy,biomedical diagnosis, and industrial fabrication. Here, we report the highly stable femtosecond pulse generation from a MXene mode-locked fiber laser. We have prepared the high-quality Ti_3C_2 T_x nanosheets via the etching method, and characterized their ultrafast dynamics and broadband nonlinear optical responses. The obvious intensity-and wavelength-dependent nonlinear responses have been observed and investigated. In addition, a highly stable femtosecond fiber laser with signal-to-noise ratio up to 70.7 dB and central wavelength of 1567.3 nm has been delivered. The study may provide some valuable design guidelines for the development of ultrafast, broadband nonlinear optical modulators, and open new avenues toward advanced photonic devices based on MXenes.

Broadband ultrafast nonlinear optical response of few-layers graphene: toward the mid-infrared regime

Gapless linear energy dispersion of graphene endows it with unique nonlinear optical properties, including broadband nonlinear absorption and giant nonlinear refractive index. Herein, we experimentally observed that fewlayers graphene has obvious nonlinear absorption and large nonlinear refraction, as investigated by the Z-scan technique in the mid-infrared（mid-IR） regime. Our study may not only, for the first time to our knowledge, verify the giant nonlinear refractive index of graphene(～10-7cm2∕W) at the mid-IR, which is 7 orders of magnitude larger than other conventional bulk materials, but also provide some new insights for graphene-based mid-IR photonics,potentially leading to the emergence of several new conceptual mid-IR optoelectronics devices.

Ti2CTx MXene-based all-optical modulator

MXenes,a new class of 2D transition metal carbides,nitrides,and carbonitrides,have attracted much attention due to their outstanding properties.Here,we report the broadband spatial self-phase modulation of Ti2CTx MXene nanosheets dispersed in deionized water in the visible to near-infrared regime,highlighting the broadband nonlinear optical(NLO)response of Ti2CTx MXene.Using ultrafast pulsed laser excitation,the nonlinear refractive index n2 and the thirdorder nonlinear susceptibility χ^(3)monolayer of Ti2CTx MXene were measured to be^10^−13 m^2/W and ~10^−10 esu,respectively.Leveraging the large optical nonlinearity of Ti2CTx MXene,an all-optical modulator in the visible regime was fabricated based on the spatial cross-phase modulation effect.This work suggests that 2D MXenes are ideal broadband NLO materials with excellent prospects in NLO applications.

Broadband mid-infrared nonlinear optical modulator enabled by gold nanorods:towards the mid-infrared regime

Mid-infrared pulsed lasers operating around the 3 μm wavelength regime are important for a wide range of applications including sensing, spectroscopy, imaging, etc. Despite the recent advances in technology, the lack of a nonlinear optical modulator operating in the mid-infrared regime remains a significant challenge. Here, we report the third-order nonlinear optical response of gold nanorods(GNRs) ranging from 800 nm to the mid-infrared regime(2810 nm) enabled by their size and overlapping behavior-dependent longitudinal surface plasmon resonance. In addition, we demonstrate a wavelength-tunable Er3+-doped fluoride fiber laser modulated by GNRs, which can deliver pulsed laser output, with the pulse duration down to 533 ns, tunable wavelength ranging from 2760.2 to 2810.0 nm, and spectral 3 d B bandwidth of about 1 nm. The experimental results not only validate the GNRs’ robust mid-infrared nonlinear optical response, but also manifest their application potential in high-performance broadband optoelectronic devices.