Research and Application of Multi-Target Tracking Based on GM-PHD Filter

In recent years, multi-target tracking technology based on Gaussian Mixture- Probability Hypothesis Density (GM-PHD) filtering has become a hot field of information fusion research. This article outlines the generation and development of multi-target tracking methods based on GM-PHD filtering, and the principle and implementation method of GM-PHD filtering are explained, and the application status based on GM-PHD filtering is summarized, and the key issues of the development of GM-PHD filtering technology are analyzed.

Zika Virus and Its Association with Neurological Disorders

Zika virus (ZIKV) is a flavivirus that can be identified as a small envelope with a positive-stranded RNA and an important medical pathogen, which causes deadly human diseases. The virus is carried by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes through a blood meal and it is also spread through body fluids. ZIKV infection may present with symptoms like fever, myalgia, maculopapular rash as well as neurological sequelae, which include, microcephaly, epilepsy, and Guillain Barré syndrome (GBS). This put the virus on a scale of the public health burden of almost 87 countries. The potential threat of ZIKV infection is not completely eradicated in many countries in Africa, America, and the Western Pacific regions. There are no vaccines and treatments available to date. Since ZIKV causes microcephaly in utero by targeting neural progenitor cells, inducing apoptosis, and impairing neurodevelopment, this article hopes to evaluate the neurological disorders associated with the Zika virus infection while elucidating the current trends in the development of vaccines and drugs.

铜-氧化铈固溶体催化剂用于二氧化碳催化加氢制甲醇

由于工业快速发展和人类活动加剧,作为最重要温室气体二氧化碳(CO2)的排放问题已经受到全球广泛关注,因此将CO2转化成甲醇等碳氢化合物不仅具有重要的科学意义,还具有广阔应用前景.Cu/CeO2是重要的CO2加氢催化剂,但是由于CuO-CeO2界面存在状态在反应过程中较复杂,例如Cu氧化数可能存在0,+1和+2,Ce存在着+3和+4等氧化数;相应催化剂中氧化还原循环种类较多,存在着Cu^2+/Cu^+,Cu^2+/CuO,Cu^+/Cu^0和Ce^4+/Ce^3+等氧化还原对;CeO2极易形成氧空穴;此外,Cu与CeO2也易形成固溶体等,因此Cu/CeO2的催化活性中心目前仍存在着争议.同时Cu/CeO2催化剂价态和存在状态的多样性使得活性位点识别极具挑战.本文采用浸渍法合成负载型催化剂CuO/CeO2-Y,以水热法合成固溶体催化剂CuCeOx-Y,通过改变Cu的负载量调节Cu/Ce界面种类.HRTEM,XRD和Raman等结果发现,Cu/CeO2催化剂包括体相CuO与CeO2接触的界面结构(B-CuO-CeO2),CuO掺杂进入CeO2晶格中形成固溶体的结构(Cu-Ov-Cex)以及高度分散的CuO与CeO2接触的界面结构(D-CuO-CeO2).通过H2-TPR分析发现,随着CuO含量的增加,所制备的CuCeOx-Y系列催化剂中B-CuO-CeO2结构的含量逐渐从CuCeOx-1的2%增加到Cu CeOx-4的52%;D-CuO-CeO2结构则逐渐从46%减少到14%;而Cu-Ov-Cex结构则呈现出先增加后减少的趋势,其中Cu CeOx-2样品中Cu-Ov-Cex结构含量最多.而在CuO/CeO2-Y催化剂中,主要为B-CuO-CeO2结构.通过XPS分析发现,部分Ce^4+被还原成了Ce^3+,Cu^2+也被还原成Cu+或CuO.CuO/CeO2-Y催化剂中,Cu主要是以金属态存在;而CuCeOx-Y催化剂中则主要是以Cu^+的形式存在,并且比例随着体相CuO的增多而逐渐减少,说明负载在表面的CuO主要是以Cu金属态形式存在,而形成固溶体的Cu则以Cu^+的形式存在.CO吸附的原位红外漫反射实验表明,催化剂表面存在着Cu^+-CO吸附物种,定量分析发现,CuCeOx-Y催化剂的Cu^+-CO的含量要远远高于CuO/CeO2-Y催化剂,进一步说明CuCeOx-Y中存在着大量的Cu-Ov-Cex结构.ex-situ XRD研究发现,Cu/CeO2催化剂在还原过程容易发生表面重构,催化剂部分体相或高分散的CuO逐渐嵌入CeO2晶格中形成固溶体结构,这也解释了CuO/CeO2-Y催化剂在CO原位红外漫反射实验中存在着对应于Cu^+-CO物种的吸附峰.CO2催化加氢实验表明,随着Cu-Ov-Cex结构含量的增多,甲醇产率逐渐增高,呈现很好的线性相关性,且这种线性关系与催化剂的合成方式无关,仅与Cu与CeO2的界面类型相关.通过水热法合成构建的铜-氧化铈固溶体,具有相对更多的Cu-Ov-Cex结构;而浸渍法合成的负载型催化剂则在还原过程中发生表面重构,仅部分Cu嵌入CeO2的晶格中形成少量的Cu-Ov-Cex结构.综上所述,本文通过Cu/CeO2催化剂的可控合成,构建了具有不同Cu与CeO2界面结构的催化剂,分别为Cu-Ov-Cex,D-CuO-CeO2和B-CuO-CeO2;Cu/CeO2催化剂还原后Cu的化学态与其界面结构相关,Cu-Ov-Cex中的Cu价态以+1价形式存在,D-CuO-CeO2和B-CuO-CeO2中的Cu价态以0价形式存在;定量分析结果表明,Cu/CeO2催化CO2加氢生成甲醇产率与Cu-Ov-Cex结构的含量呈很好的线性相关性,因此Cu-Ov-Cex结构可能是Cu/CeO2催化CO2加氢制甲醇的活性位点.

外泌体miR-10b通过调控巨噬细胞M2极化促进肺腺癌A549细胞的侵袭和上皮间质转化

背景与目的肺癌转移是引起死亡的主要原因。先天免疫细胞特别是巨噬细胞在肿瘤转移中扮演非常重要的角色。外泌体在肿瘤细胞与巨噬细胞间的通讯非常重要,因此本研究探讨肺腺癌A549细胞外泌体中的miR-10b对其细胞生长侵袭及上皮间质转化(epithelial mesenchymal transition,EMT)的影响。方法从A549细胞中分离外泌体,通过透射电镜及蛋白质印迹法对外泌体进行鉴定。采用CCK-8试剂盒和流式细胞术检测A549细胞的增殖和凋亡。Transwell法检测细胞侵袭以及通过定量逆转录聚合酶链式反应(quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction,RT-qPCR)和Western blot分别检测A549细胞中mRNA和蛋白的表达。结果miR-10b在非小细胞肺癌(A549、NCI-H1650和NCI-H1299)中表达上调,miR-10b inhibitor可抑制非小细胞肺癌的增殖。同时,外泌体miR-10b通过促进巨噬细胞M2极化,进而促进A549细胞的侵袭和EMT。结论外泌体miR-10b通过M2巨噬细胞极化促进A549细胞的侵袭和EMT。

Material design at nano and atomic scale for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction

Electrocatalytic CO2 reduction (ECR) into value-added chemicals offers potential solution for renewable energy as well as global carbon footprint concerns. In this review we introduce the general methods and metrics that are commonly applied in ECR, followed by a discussion of current reaction mechanisms and different pathways. We highlight how size and structure of electrocatalysts affect ECR performance and review recent advances in metalfree and single-atom catalysts. The challenges of ECR are also discussed and optimistic perspectives are made for future work.

Understanding oxygen electrochemistry in aprotic Li-O_2 batteries

In the past decade, the aprotic lithium-oxygen(Li-O_2) battery has generated a great deal of interest because theoretically it can store more energy than today's lithium-ion batteries. Although considerable research efforts have been devoted to the R&D of this potentially disruptive technology, many scientific and engineering obstacles still remain to be addressed before a practical device could be realized. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the fundamental understanding of the O_2 electrochemistry in Li-O_2 batteries, including the O_2 reduction to Li_2O_2 on discharge and the reverse Li_2 O_2 oxidation on recharge and factors that exert strong influences on the redox of O_2/Li_2O_2. In addition,challenges and perspectives are also provided for the future study of Li—O_2 batteries.

锂-空气电池的实用化之路:规避二氧化碳负面效应

与其他的锂电池体系相比,锂-空气电池具有最高的理论比能量,被认为有潜力成为终极能量转换和储存装置。目前的锂-空气电池常常使用气体钢瓶提供纯氧气,而非空气中的氧气,这种电池设计极大降低了锂-空气电池的能量密度和实用性。然而,当空气作为锂-空气电池的氧气供给源时,二氧化碳作为杂质会引起严重的副反应,从而降低锂-空气电池的性能。要解决二氧化碳引起的副反应,理解其反应机制至关重要。本文综述了锂-空气电池中有关二氧化碳诱发的化学/电化学反应的研究进展;总结了可缓解二氧化碳负面效应的有效策略。此外,对二氧化碳选透膜材料和分离技术用于锂-空气电池进行了展望。

Antiglycating effects of citrus flavonoids and associated mechanisms

Glycation of proteins and DNA forms advanced glycation end products(AGEs)causing cell and tissue dysfunction and subsequent various chronic diseases,in particular,metabolic and age-related diseases.Targeted AGE inhibition includes scavengers of reactive carbonyl species(RCS)such as methylglyoxal(MG),glyoxalase-1 enhancers,Nrf2/ARE pathway activators,AGE/RAGE formation inhibitors and other antiglycatng agents.Citrus flavonoids have demonstrated antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects and are also found to be effective antiglycating agents.Herein,we reviewed the up to date progress of the antiglycation effects of citrus flavonoids and associated mechanisms.Major citrus flavonoids,hesperedin and its aglycone,hesperetin,inhibited glycation by scavenging MG forming mono-or di-flavonoid adducts with MG,enhanced the activity of glyoxase-1,activated Akt/Nrf2 signal pathway while inhibiting AGE/RAGE/NF-κB pathway,reduced the formation of Nε-(carboxylmethyl)lysine(CML)and pentosidine,inhibited aldol reductase activity and decreased the levels of fructosamine.The antiglycating activity and mechanisms of other flavonoids was also summarized in this review.In conclusion,citrus flavonoids possess effective antiglycating activity via different mechanisms,yet there are many challenging questions remaining to be studied in the near future such as in vivo testing and human study of citrus flavonoids for efficacy,effectiveness and adverse effects of citrus flavonoids as a functional food in managing high levels of AGEs and controlling AGE-induced chronic diseases,diabetic complications in particular.

Ternary mesoporous cobalt-iron-nickel oxide efficiently catalyzing oxygen/hydrogen evolution reactions and overall water splitting

Among various efficient electrocatalysts for water splitting,CoFe and NiFe-based oxides/hydroxides are typically promising candidates thanks to their extraordinary activities towards oxygen evolution reaction (OER).However,the endeavor to advance their performance towards overall water splitting has been largely impeded by the limited activities for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER).Herein,we present a CoFeNi ternary metal-based oxide (CoFeNi-O) with impressive hierarchical bimodal channel nanostructures,which was synthesized via a facile one-step dealloying strategy.The oxide shows superior catalytic activities towards both HER and OER in alkaline solution due to the alloying effect and the intrinsic hierarchical porous structure.CoFeNi-O loaded on glass carbon electrodes only requires the overpotentials as low as 230 and 278 mV to achieve the OER current densities of 10 and 100 mA·cm-2,respectively.In particular,extremely low overpotentials of 200 and 57.9 mV are sufficient enough for Ni foam-supported CoFeNi-O to drive the current density of 10 mA·cm-2 towards OER and HER respectively,which is comparable with or even better than the already-developed state-of-the-art non-noble metal oxide based catalysts.Benefiting from the bifunctionalities of CoFeNi-O,an alkaline electrolyzer constructed by the Ni foam-supported CoFeNi-O electrodes as both the anode and the cathode can deliver a current density of 10 mA·cm-2 at a fairly low cell-voltage of 1.558 V.In view of its electrocatalytic merits together with the facile and cost-effective dealloying route,CoFeNi-O is envisioned as a promising catalyst for future production of sustainable energy resources.

TWO INNOVATIVE COALITION FORMATION MODELS FOR DYNAMIC TASK ALLOCATION IN DISASTER RESCUES

This paper addresses the problem of multi-objective coalition formation for task allocation. In disaster rescue, due to the dynamics of environments, heterogeneity and complexity of tasks as well as limited available agents, it is hard for the single-objective and single （task）-to-single （agent） task allocation approaches to handle task allocation in such circumstances. To this end, two multi-objective coalition formation for task allocation models are proposed for disaster rescues in this paper. First, through coalition formation, the proposed models enable agents to cooperatively perform complex tasks that cannot be completed by single agent. In addition, through adjusting the weights of multiple task allocation objectives, the proposed models can employ the linear programming to generate more adaptive task allocation plans, which can satisfy different task allocation requirements in disaster rescue. Finally, through employing the multi-stage task allocation mechanism of the dynamic programming, the proposed models can handle the dynamics of tasks and agents in disaster environments. Experimental results indicate that the proposed models have good performance on coalition formation for task allocation in disaster environments, which can generate suitable task allocation plans according to various objectives of task allocation.

Comparative study of CO_(2) hydrogenation to methanol on cubic bixbyite-type and rhombohedral corundum-type indium oxide

Hydrogenation of CO_(2) to value-added chemicals has attracted much attention all through the world.In2 O_(3) with cubic bixbyite-type(denoted as c-In2O_(3))is well known for its high CO_(2) hydrogenation activity and CH3 OH selectivity at high temperature.However,the other structure of In2O_(3) with rhombohedral corundum-type(denoted as rh-In2O_(3))rarely been investigated as catalyst.Herein,c-In2O_(3) and rh-In2O_(3) were prepared and comparatively studied for CO_(2) hydrogenation.The results indicated that c-In2O_(3) showed higher CO_(2) conversion activity than rh-In2O_(3) due to the impressive reducibility and reactivity.Whereas rh-In2O_(3) had higher CH3 OH selectivity due to weaker CH3 OH and stronger CO adsorption on rhIn2O_(3).Although c-In2O_(3) and rh-In2O_(3) catalysts showed different CO_(2) hydrogenation perfo rmance,in-situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy showed CO_(2) can be reduced to CO through redox cycling and hydrogenation to CH3 OH through formate path.

An Innovative Approach for the Short-term Traffic Flow Prediction

Traffic flow prediction plays an important role in intelligent transportation applications,such as traffic control,navigation,path planning,etc.,which are closely related to people's daily life.In the last twenty years,many traffic flow prediction approaches have been proposed.However,some of these approaches use the regression based mechanisms,which cannot achieve accurate short-term traffic flow predication.While,other approaches use the neural network based mechanisms,which cannot work well with limited amount of training data.To this end,a light weight tensor-based traffic flow prediction approach is proposed,which can achieve efficient and accurate short-term traffic flow prediction with continuous traffic flow data in a limited period of time.In the proposed approach,first,a tensor-based traffic flow model is proposed to establish the multi-dimensional relationships for traffic flow values in continuous time intervals.Then,a CANDECOMP/PARAFAC decomposition based algorithm is employed to complete the missing values in the constructed tensor.Finally,the completed tensor can be directly used to achieve efficient and accurate traffic flow prediction.The experiments on the real dataset indicate that the proposed approach outperforms many current approaches on traffic flow prediction with limited amount of traffic flow data.

The origin of potential rise during charging of Li-O2 batteries

When aprotic Li-O_2 batteries recharge, the solid Li_2O_2 in the positive electrode is oxidized, which often exhibits a continuous or step increase in the charging potential as a function of the charging capacity, and its origin remains incompletely understood.Here, we report a model study of electro-oxidation of a Li_2O_2 film on an Au electrode using voltammetry coupled with in situ Raman spectroscopy. It was found that the charging reaction initializes at the positive electrode|Li_2O_2 interface, instead of the previously presumed Li_2O_2 surface, and consists of two temporally and spatially separated Li_2O_2 oxidation processes, accounting for the potential rise during charging of Li-O_2 batteries. Moreover, the electrode surface-initialized oxidation can disintegrate the Li_2O_2 film resulting in a loss of Li_2O_2 into electrolyte solution, which drastically decreases the charging efficiency and highlights the importance of using soluble electro-catalyst for the complete charging of Li-O_2 batteries.

Simultaneously improving piezoelectric properties and temperature stability of Na_(0.5)K_(0.5)NbO_(3)(KNN)-based ceramics sintered in reducing atmosphere

It is a very difficult work to sinter K_(0.5)Na_(0.5)NbO_(3)(KNN)-based materials with good reduction resistance in strong reducing atmosphere.0.945K_(0.48)Na_(0.52)Nb_(0.96)Ta_(0.04)O_(3)-0.055BaZrO_(3)+0.03ZrO_(2)+y mol%MnO(KNNT-0.055BZ+0.03Zr+yMn)ceramics sintered in reducing atmosphere were prepared successfully by conventional solid-state reaction methods.MnO dopant increases grain size at y=5-8 due to strong lattice distortion and then decreases grain size at y=9 due to much Mn4Nb2O9 accumulated at the grain boundary.MnO dopant as an excellent sintering aid can effectively reduce volatilization of alkali metal by decreasing the sintering temperature(T_(sinter)).Reducing alkali metal volatilization can greatly reduce oxygen vacancies and improve piezoelectric properties.MnO dopant can improve the anti-reduction properties.The KNNT-0.055BZ+0.03Zr+yMn ceramics aty=6-9 show outstanding anti-fatigue of unipolar piezoelectric strain under the synergistic effect of reduced oxygen vacancies due to reduced volatilization and increased grain size.Piezoelectric properties and temperature stability of KNNT-0.055BZ+0.03Zr ceramics sintered in reducing atmosphere are improved simultaneously by MnO dopant.Optimum inverse piezoelectric coefficient(d33)of ceramics at y=8 reaches up to 480 pm/V under low driving electric field E=20 kV/cm at room temperature,and its temperature stability of d33 reaches 158℃.It will be an excellent lead-free material candidate for the preparation of multilayer piezoelectric actuators co-fired with nickel electrode.

Cationic conjugated polymers as signal reporter for label-free assay based on targets-mediated aggregation of perylene diimide quencher

Herein, we reported a new label-free and fluorescence turn-on biosensor based on cationic conjugated poly（9,9-bis（6＇-N,N,N-trimethylammonium）hexyl）fluorine phenylene）（PFP） and perylene diimide derivatives（PDI）. Cationic PFP, single-stranded nucleic acid and PDI were used as signal reporter, probe and fluorescence quencher, respectively. In the presence of nucleic acids, they form complexes with PFP and PDI through strong electrostatic attraction interactions, resulting in PDI aggregating on nucleic acids and fluorescence of PFP being quenched. When nucleic acids are hydrolyzed by enzymes or their conformation is changed via recognizing targets, the effective aggregation of PDI is disrupted and the quenching ability is decreased. Thus the fluorescence of PFP recovers significantly. By taking advantage of the mechanism, we construct a new biosensor for endonuclease and small molecules detection. Here, S1 nuclease and bisphenol A are used as model systems. The detection limit of the SI nuclease and BPA are1.0×10^-6U/mL and 0.05 ng/mL, respectively. Our method is sensitive, cost-effective and simple, and provides a new platform for bioanalysis.

EXISTENCE OF POSITIVE MULTIPLE SOLUTIONS TO FRACTIONAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS WITH p-LAPLACIAN OPERATOR

In this paper, we consider a two-point fractional boundary value problem. We provide sufficient conditions for the existence of multiple positive solutions to the boundary value problem by Krasnosel＇skii fixed point theorem on the cone.