不同年龄胃肠胰神经内分泌肿瘤患者预后分析

目的:本研究旨在描述中国不同诊断年龄胃肠胰神经内分泌肿瘤(gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms,GEPNENs)患者的临床病理特征和治疗信息,探讨诊断年龄与术后5年生存率之间的关系。方法:作为一项以医院为基础的全国多中心临床流行病学研究,本研究回顾性收集了2001年1月至2010年12月在研究医院就诊的GEP-NENs患者的病历信息和术后生存情况。采用Cox风险比例回归模型估计研究对象的术后死亡风险比和95%可信区间(95%CI)。结果:共2002例患者被纳入最终分析。患者按照诊断年龄分为≤50岁组和>50岁组。术后5年生存数据分析显示,与年龄≤50岁的患者相比,年龄>50岁的患者术后死亡风险显著增加(HR=2.83,95%CI:1.87~4.28)。在调整了原发部位、功能状态、TNM分期、分级、肿瘤浸润和转移情况、放化疗、靶向治疗和生物治疗情况后,不同年龄组之间的死亡风险差异无统计学意义(HR=1.63,95%CI:0.98~2.72)。对性别亚组进行多因素分析结果显示,在男性患者中,年龄>50岁组患者术后死亡风险显著增加(HR=2.65,95%CI:1.28~5.47)。结论:不同年龄组GEP-NENs患者的临床病理特征和治疗方式选择存在差异,但年龄不是GEP-NENs患者预后的独立影响因素,提示对于诊断年龄不同的患者,临床医生应根据现有临床实践指南及患者个体情况,选择精准治疗方案。

GRACE-based estimates of groundwater variations over North America from 2002 to 2017

GRACE-based estimates for groundwater storage(GWS)changes in North America substantially depend upon correction of glacialisostatic adjustment(GIA)effects,which are usually removed with GIA models.In this study,GIA effects are eliminated by employing an independent separation approach with the aid of Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS)vertical velocity data.Our goal is to provide an independent estimate for monthly GWS changes within North America in 1-degree-grids and their trends over the whole GRACE mission lifetime from April 2002 to June 2017.This estimate is derived from the release-6 version of GRACE monthly level-2 data,GNSS data,land surface models for soil moisture and snow wa-ter equivalent,and satellite altimetric lake leveldata.We find a GWS anomaly in form of an increasing trend in Saskatchewan,which affects the Saskatchewan Province and the states of Montana,North Dakota and Minnesota,and 4 GWS anomalies with declining trends in Nevada,California,Arizona and Texas,respec-tively.The monthly changes of these GWS anomalies,except for the one in Nevada,are validated by well level data.We provide results for average monthly GWS changes and the trends for the 5 anomalies but also in separate form for the 13 affected states or provinces.The increasing trends of the Saskatchewan GWS anomaly and the affected 3 states are related to increasing precipitation and can be elucidated by the decreasing drought intensity level.On the contrary,the declining trends in GWS can be explained by weakening precipitation and are mostly supported by the increasing drought intensity level in the other 4 anomalies and the affected states,which are Nevada,California,Arizona,New Mexico,Texas,Oklahoma,Kansas,and Colorado.Ourestimates of monthly GWS changes and their trendscan serveas alternativeand beneficial input for the sustainable management of groundwater resources in North America.

Down-staging depth score could be a survival predictor for locally advanced gastric cancer patients after preoperative chemoradiotherapy

Objective:The predictive effect of preoperative chemoradiotherapy(CRT)is low and difficult in guiding individualized treatment.We examined a surrogate endpoint for long-term outcomes in locally advanced gastric cancer patients after preoperative CRT.Methods:From April 2012 to April 2019,95 patients with locally advanced gastric cancer who received preoperative concurrent CRT and who were enrolled in three prospective studies were included.All patients were stage T_(3/4) N_(+).Local control,distant metastasis-free survival(DMFS),disease-free survival(DFS)and overall survival(OS)were evaluated.Clinicopathological factors related to long-term prognosis were analyzed using univariate and multivariate analyses.The down-staging depth score(DDS),which is a novel method of evaluating CRT response,was used to predict long-term outcomes.Results:The median follow-up period for survivors was 30 months.The area under the curve(AUC)of the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve predicted by the DDS was 0.728,which was better than the pathological complete response(pCR),histological response and ypN0.Decision curve analysis further affirmed that DDS had the largest net benefit.The DDS cut-off value was 4.pCR and ypN0 were associated with OS(P=0.026 and 0.049).Surgery and DDS are correlated with DMFS,DFS and OS(surgery:P=0.001,<0.001 and<0.001,respectively;and DDS:P=0.009,0.013 and 0.032,respectively).Multivariate analysis showed that DDS was an independent prognostic factor of DFS(P=0.021).Conclusions:DDS is a simple,short-term indicator that was a better surrogate endpoint than pCR,histological response and ypN0 for DFS.

Acceleration of Glacier Mass Loss after 2013 at the Mt.Everest(Qomolangma)

Satellite geodesy is capable of observing glacier height changes and most recent studies focus on the decadal scale due to limitations of data acquisition and precision.Glaciers at the Mt.Everest(Qomolangma),locating at the central Himalaya,have been studied from the 1970s to 2015.Here we obtained TerraSAR-X/TanDEM-X images observed in two epochs,a group around 2013 and another in 2017.Together with SRTM observed in 2000,we derived geodetic glacier mass balance between 2000 and 2013 and 2013 and 2017.We proposed two InSAR procedures for deriving the second period,which yields with basically identical results of geodetic glacier mass balance.The differencing between DEMs derived by TerraSAR-X/TanDEM-X shows better precision than that between TerraSAR-X/TanDEM-X formed DEM and SRTM,and it can capable of providing geodetic glacier mass balance at a sub-decadal scale.Glaciers at the Mt.Everest(Qomolangma)and its surroundings present obvious speeding up in mass loss rates before and after 2013 for both the Chinese and the Nepalese sides.The previous obtained spatial heterogeneous pattern for glacier downwasting between 2000 and 2013 generally kept the same after 2013.Glaciers with lacustrine terminus present the most rapid lost rates.

A breathing A4 paper by in situ growth of green metal-organic frameworks for air freshening and cleaning

Surface modification of natural cellulose fibers with nanomaterials is an effective strategy for producing functional textiles for multiple applications.A4-sized printing paper is a commonly used,cheap,and easily acquirable office supply which is mainly made of cellulose fibers.Here,we report green and simple nanofabrication of A4 paper to endow it with high capability for fragrance encapsulation and sustained release,and strong adsorption to indoor air pollutants.The method utilizes the sugar molecule of cellulose for in-situ growth ofγ-cyclodextrin(γ-CD)metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)on A4 paper.The obtainedγ-CD-MOF/A4 nanocomposites have superior specific surface area and high porous structure.Theγ-CD-MOF/A4 nanocomposites can effectively encapsulate fragrant molecules through host-guest interaction.Theγ-CD-MOF/A4 nanocomposites also show strong absorption capability to formaldehyde and carbon dioxide through the formation of hydrogen bonding and chemical bonds.Theseγ-CD-MOF/A4nanocomposites combine the advantages of both A4 paper andγ-CD-MOF,which can be used in indoor air freshening and cleaning.

A Location Prediction Method Based on GA-LSTM Networks and Associated Movement Behavior Information

Due to the lack of consideration of movement behavior information other than time and location perception in current location prediction methods,the movement characteristics of trajectory data cannot be well expressed,which in turn affects the accuracy of the prediction results.First,a new trajectory data expression method by associating the movement behavior information is given.The pre-association method is used to model the movement behavior information according to the individual movement behavior features and the group movement behavior features extracted from the trajectory sequence and the region.The movement behavior features based on pre-association may not always be the best for the prediction model.Therefore,through association analysis and importance analysis,the final association feature is selected from the pre-association features.The trajectory data is input into the LSTM networks after associated features and genetic algorithm(GA)is used to optimize the combination of the length of time window and the number of hidden layer nodes.The experimental results show that compared with the original trajectory data,the trajectory data associated with the movement behavior information helps to improve the accuracy of location prediction.

Causative fault and seismogenic mechanism of the 2010 Suining M5.0 earthquake from joint modeling of seismic and InSAR data

Although the Sichuan basin is a stable block with low historical seismicity,the Suining M5.0 earthquake on January31,2010 occurred near the center of the basin,causing casualty and substantial damage.Previous studies have shown that the earthquake is very shallow and may occur in the sedimentary cover rocks,but its causative fault has not been identified.Based on local broadband seismic waveform data as well as a pair of ALOS PALSAR ascending orbit data,we explore the seismogenic mechanism via further constraining the source depth and the ruptured fault.The earthquake caused ground uplift in the southeast of the epicenter area,with a maximum line of sight displacement of about 13.6 cm,much larger than the displacement caused by a M5 earthquake at a typical depth of 10 km,which indicates that the earthquake is very shallow.Through joint inversion of seismic waveform and InSAR data,we obtain the moment magnitude of Suining earthquake as MW4.5,with the strike,dip,and rake of its fault plane as 17°,66° and 90°,respectively,and the centroid depth less than 1 km,supporting that the earthquake occurred at the shallow part of a high angle thrust fault dipping to the southeast.It is further confirmed that the earthquake may be triggered by the diffusion of high-pressure fluid migrating from the underside gas reservoir.

Potential of Multi‑temporal InSAR for Detecting Retrogressive Thaw Slumps: A Case of the Beiluhe Region of the Tibetan Plateau

Permafrost degradation due to climate warming is severely reducing slope stability by increasing soil pore water pressure and decreasing shear strength.Retrogressive thaw slumps(RTSs)are among the most dynamic landforms in permafrost areas,which can result in the instability of landscape and ecosystem.However,the spatiotemporal characteristics of surface deformation of RTSs are still unclear,and the potentials of deformation properties in mapping large-scale RTSs need to be further assessed.In this study,we applied a multi-temporal Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar(MT-InSAR)method to map the spatiotemporal variations in surface deformation of RTSs in the Beiluhe region of the Tibetan Plateau by using 112 scenes of Sentinel-1 SAR data acquired from 2017 to 2021.The deformation rates of RTSs ranged from−35 to 20 mm/year,and three typical motion stages were inferred by analyzing the deformation variation trend of the headwall of RTSs:stable,abrupt thaw,and linear subsidence.A total of 375 RTSs were identifed in the Mati Hill region by combining InSAR-based deformation results with visual interpretation of optical remote sensing images.Among them,76 RTSs were newly developed,and 26%more than the inventory derived from the optical images alone.This study demonstrated that the combination of InSAR-derived deformation with optical images has signifcant potential for detecting RTSs with high accuracy and efciency at the regional scale.

Chinese expert consensus on multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic neuroendocrine liver metastases

Many management strategies are available for pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms with liver metastases.However,a lack of biological,molecular,and genomic information and an absence of data from rigorous trials limit the validity of these strategies.This review presents the viewpoints from an international conference consisting of several expert working groups.The working groups reviewed a series of questions of particular interest to clinicians taking care of patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms with liver metastases by reviewing the existing management strategies and literature,evaluating the evidence on which management decisions were based,developing internationally acceptable recommendations for clinical practice,and making recommendations for clinical and research endeavors.The review for each question will be followed by recommendations from the panel.

纳米香料技术的现状与发展

纳米加香技术可以提高香料在基材内的负载并实现可控释放,从而提高芳香产品质量,增加产品对消费者的吸引力.本文对国内外的纳米加香技术的当前状况和研究进展进行了评述,指出了当前香精加香技术存在的问题,提出了基于基材纳米结构的直接纳米加香技术具有的发展潜力和优势,并讨论了实现该技术在芳香高端产品的大规模应用上仍需解决的关键科学问题.

氨基修饰的锆基金属有机框架材料对香料的吸附和缓控释

本文以氨基修饰的锆基金属有机框架材料(MOF) UiO-66-NH_2为香料载体,研究了其对一系列香料分子的吸附和释放行为.我们发现UiO-66-NH_2对非极性的萜类香料吸附几乎无差别,而在极性香料的酯类吸附上差异较大.我们通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和红外光谱(FTIR)等对UiO-66-NH_2吸附香料后的样品进行表征,结果表明MOF材料吸附香料后不会造成结构坍塌和晶型变化, UiO-66-NH_2中的氨基与不同的酯类香料可形成氢键,对提高吸附量和延长缓释效果起到积极促进作用.与传统吸附材料活性炭相比, MOF对香料有更好的吸附效果.我们使用顶空-气相色谱对酯类香料的释放进行检测,结合释放动力学模型分析,发现其释放行为符合Korsmeyer-Peppas模型,孔道扩散是其释放的限速性环节.

高分子纳米香精制备的研究进展

香精是种类和功能多样的精细化学品,已经广泛应用于人们生活中.但因香精的主要成分为沸点低、易挥发的物质,所以存在留香时间短、对环境敏感的缺点,限制了其被广泛的应用.如何控制和减缓香料的挥发,稳定香精的性质是提高香精应用效率的难点和重点.目前,利用高分子材料将易挥发的香精纳米化,构建缓控释体系,可以有效解决上述问题.本文对高分子纳米香精的制备方法及其研究进展进行了综述.

High cycle fatigue failure with radial cracks in gears of aero-engines

The gears in aero-engines perform energy and motion transfer between the HighPressure Rotor(HPR)and accessories.Firstly,an occurred fault with radial cracks in the driven gear disk was diagnosed as High Cycle Fatigue(HCF)failure through necessary examinations.Analysis of fault tree and test signals indicated that the fracture was relevant to the swing vibration of the driven gear excited by the unbalance excitation on HPR.Secondly,a corresponding mechanism model was established,in which the gear meshing effect was considered,with lateral and swing vibration mode.The Governing Equations(GEs)and the Finite Element Model(FEM)were established and verified.Then,the modal shapes,harmonic response,and transient response were analyzed,indicating that the swing vibration of the driven gear could be significantly excited by the unbalance on HPR,which induced the cracks in the driven gear disk to extend radially.Furthermore,influences of factors on the unbalance response were obtained,in which the unbalance response appeared local minimum points and maximum points.Meanwhile,1#and 2#bearing stiffness had rather significant influences on the response.Thus it is efficient to modify them to achieve vibration control.

基于真实问题情境的批判性思维测评:现状与挑战

在信息爆炸和人工智能技术飞速发展的21世纪,批判性思维作为个体生存和发展的重要素养,正受到越来越广泛的关注。精准而有效的测评是批判性思维教育的重要基础,传统的批判性思维测验主要采用抽象的客观题形式,存在生态效度不高和缺乏整体性评估等问题。近年来,研究者尝试以现实问题作为测验情境并且采用基于材料的论证写作形式,通过学生在真实问题情境中的表现预测其批判性思维水平。这一新型测评突破了传统测验的局限,将批判性阅读与论证写作相结合,保证测评维度更加全面。为了进一步实现新型测评的大规模应用,研究者需要完善测验信效度检验、借助自然语言处理技术实现论证自动化评分、获取多元的过程性数据并实现过程性评估、以智能化测评促进个性化培养。为此,需要心理测量技术与人工智能技术深度融合。

Antarctic-wide annual ice flow maps from Landsat 8 imagery between 2013 and 2019

Ice velocity constitutes a key parameter for quantifying ice-sheet discharge rates and is thus crucial for improving the coupled models of the Antarctic ice sheet towards accurately predict its contribution to future global sea-level rise.However,in Antarctica,high-resolution and continuous ice velocity estimates remain elusive,which is key to unravel Antarctica’s present-day ice mass balance processes.Here,we present a suite of newly estimated Antarctic-wide,annually-sampled ice velocity products at 105-m grid-spacing observed by Landsat 8 optical images data.We first describe a procedure that can automatically calibrate and integrate ice displacement maps to generate Antarcticwide seamless ice velocity products.The annual ice velocity mosaics are assembled using a total of 250,000 displacement maps inferred from more than 80,000 Landsat 8 images acquired between December 2013 and April 2019.The new annual Antarctic ice velocity data product exhibits an improved quantification of near-decadal Antarctic-wide ice flow,and an opportunity to investigate ice dynamics at a higher spatial resolution and annual sampling,as compared to existing data products.Validation studies confirmed improved accuracy and consistency of this new data product,when compared with independently estimated optical and radar ice velocity data products,as well as in situ data.

Tuning the release rate of volatile molecules by pore surface engineering in metal-organic frameworks

Encapsulation and controlled release of volatile molecules such as fragrances in a designed manner is important but challenging for the flavor and fragrance industry.Here,we report the tuning release of volatile molecules by postsynthetic modification of an amine-terminated metal-organic framework(MOF)MIL-101-NH_(2).By amidation,we obtained three MIL-101 MOFs,the trimethylacetamideterminated TC-MIL-101,the benzamide-terminated BC-MIL-101,and the oxalic acid monoamideterminated OC-MIL-101.All the MOFs can efficiently encapsulate volatile molecules.Moreover,we demonstrate that the release profile of volatiles can be widely tuned to sustain the release in several days to months and even over a year using different modified MIL-101 MOFs.We show that the release profiles are correlated with the binding energies between the guest volatiles and pores in MOFs.The pore diffusion and the synergistic transport are the rate-limiting step of the guest molecules from the modified MOFs.