Rapid qualitative and quantitative analysis of strong aroma base liquor based on SPME-MS combined with chemometrics

To objectively classify and evaluate the strong aroma base liquors(SABLs)of different grades,solid-phase microextraction-mass spectrometry(SPME-MS)combined with chemometrics were used.Results showed that SPME-MS combined with a back-propagation artificial neural network(BPANN)method yielded almost the same recognition performance compared to linear discriminant analysis(LDA)in distinguishing different grades of SABL,with 84%recognition rate for the test set.Partial least squares(PLS),successive projection algorithm partial least squares(SPA-PLS)model,and competitive adaptive reweighed samplingpartial least squares(CARS-PLS)were established for the prediction of the four esters in the SABL.CARS-PLS model showed a greater advantage in the quantitative analysis of ethyl acetate,ethyl butyrate,ethyl caproate,and ethyl lactate.These results corroborated the hypothesis that SPME-MS combined with chemometrics can effectively achieve an accurate determination of different grades of SABL and prediction performance of esters.

Dissemination network of referencing errors:A comparison between the two most cited papersin the world

Lowry's paper(1951,Journal of Biological Chemistry)is the most highly cited paper in the world up to 26th,December 2022.Laemmli's paper(1970,Nature)ranks second.These two papers are selected as our sample to compare respective dissemination networks of referencing errors.There are several types of referencing errors,and we focus on the so-called'double error",that is,the co-occurrence of a wrong volume number of a journal and a wrong beginning page number of a paper.Since the probability of a double error is extremely small,so that whenever double error occurs more than once,we can deduce definitely that there are some authors who copy references from the reference list of other publications.Based on the dissemination networks of the double errors of the above-mentioned two papers,three dissemination routes are confirmed.Route 1:copying references from another paper and citing that paper.Route 2:copying references from another paper without citing that paper.Route 3:Sharing at least one author with another paper which carries the same referencing error.Some suggestions are offered to reduce or eliminate the misconduct of copying references without any checking.

Comparison Analysis of Transcripts from the Halophyte Thellungiella halophila

The Brassicaceae family halophyte Thellungiella halophila has a high salinity tolerance and serves as a valuable halophytic genetic model plant with experimental convenience similar to Arabidopsis thaliana. A cDNA library of Thellungiella was generated from salt-treated seedlings including rosettes and roots. More than 1000 randomly selected clones were sequenced and 946 expressed sequence tags （ESTs） were generated. The accession numbers of our EST data are available online in the GenBank database from EC598928 to EC599965. In total 679 unique clusters were assembled, and 632 （93%） had BLASTX hits in the nr databases and 7% are Thellungiella unique. According to the Gene Ontology （GO） hierarchy, 385 of 679 unigenes were categorized. Compared with public Arabidopsis microarray data, our results provide more potential salt tolerance genes in Thellungiella. These results will provide a broader coverage into Thellungiella transcriptome and benefit the discovery of salt tolerance related genes.