Vertebrate neurons are highly dynamic cells that undergo several alterations in their functioning and physiologies in adaptation to various external stimuli.In particular,how these neurons respond to physical exercise...Vertebrate neurons are highly dynamic cells that undergo several alterations in their functioning and physiologies in adaptation to various external stimuli.In particular,how these neurons respond to physical exercise has long been an area of active research.Studies of the vertebrate locomotor system’s adaptability suggest multiple mechanisms are involved in the regulation of neuronal activity and properties during exercise.In this brief review,we highlight recent results and insights from the field with a focus on the following mechanisms:(a)alterations in neuronal excitability during acute exercise;(b)alterations in neuronal excitability after chronic exercise;(c)exercise-induced changes in neuronal membrane properties via modulation of ion channel activity;(d)exercise-enhanced dendritic plasticity;and(e)exercise-induced alterations in neuronal gene expression and protein synthesis.Our hope is to update the community with a cellular and molecular understanding of the recent mechanisms underlying the adaptability of the vertebrate locomotor system in response to both acute and chronic physical exercise.展开更多
This study explores CAMTA genes in the rare and endangered Chinese plant species,Liriodendron chinense.Despite the completion of whole-genome sequencing,the roles of CAMTA genes in calcium regulation and stress respon...This study explores CAMTA genes in the rare and endangered Chinese plant species,Liriodendron chinense.Despite the completion of whole-genome sequencing,the roles of CAMTA genes in calcium regulation and stress responses in this species remain largely unexplored.Within the L.chinense genome,we identified two CAMTA genes,Lchi09764 and Lchi222536,characterized by four functional domains:CG-1,TIG,ANK repeats,and IQ motifs.Our analyses,including phylogenetic investigations,cis-regulatory element analyses,and chromosomal location studies,aim to elucidate the defining features of CAMTA genes in L.chinense.Applying Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis(WGCNA),we explored the impact of CAMTA genes on different organs and their regulation under abiotic stress conditions.The identification of significant gene modules and the prediction of promoter binding sites revealed co-expressed genes associated with CAMTA transcription factors.In summary,this study provides initial insights into CAMTA genes in L.chinense,laying the groundwork for future research on their evolution and biological roles.This knowledge enhancement contributes to a better understanding of plant responses to environmental stress—an essential aspect of plant biology.展开更多
Lithium,as the lightest and lowest potential metal,is an ideal "battery metal" and the core strategic metal of the new energy industry revolution.Recovering lithium from spent lithium batteries(LIBs)has beco...Lithium,as the lightest and lowest potential metal,is an ideal "battery metal" and the core strategic metal of the new energy industry revolution.Recovering lithium from spent lithium batteries(LIBs)has become one of the significant approaches to obtaining lithium resources.At present,the lithium extraction being generally placed at the last step of the spent LIBs recovery process has puzzles such as high acid consumption,low Li recovery purity and low recovery efficiency.Selective lithium extraction at the first step of the recovery process can effectively solve those puzzles.Since lithium leaching is a non-spontaneous reaction requiring additional energy to achieve,it is found that these methods can be divided into five ways according to the different types of energy driving the reaction occurring:(ⅰ)electric energy driving lithium extraction;(ⅱ) chemical energy driving lithium extraction;(ⅲ) mechanical energy driving lithium extraction;(ⅳ) thermal energy driving lithium extraction;(ⅴ) other energy driving lithium extraction.Through the analysis of the principle,reaction process and results of recovering lithium methods can provide a few directions for scholars’ subsequent research.It is necessary to speed up the exploration of the principle of these methods.It is expected that this study could provide a reference for the research on the selective lithium extraction.展开更多
A high-order gas kinetic flux solver(GKFS)is presented for simulating inviscid compressible flows.The weighted essentially non-oscillatory(WENO)scheme on a uniform mesh in the finite volume formulation is combined wit...A high-order gas kinetic flux solver(GKFS)is presented for simulating inviscid compressible flows.The weighted essentially non-oscillatory(WENO)scheme on a uniform mesh in the finite volume formulation is combined with the circular function-based GKFS(C-GKFS)to capture more details of the flow fields with fewer grids.Different from most of the current GKFSs,which are constructed based on the Maxwellian distribution function or its equivalent form,the C-GKFS simplifies the Maxwellian distribution function into the circular function,which ensures that the Euler or Navier-Stokes equations can be recovered correctly.This improves the efficiency of the GKFS and reduces its complexity to facilitate the practical application of engineering.Several benchmark cases are simulated,and good agreement can be obtained in comparison with the references,which demonstrates that the high-order C-GKFS can achieve the desired accuracy.展开更多
Low temperature stress is one of the most important factors limiting plant growth and geographical distribution.In order to adapt to low temperature,plants have evolved strategies to acquire cold tolerance,known as,co...Low temperature stress is one of the most important factors limiting plant growth and geographical distribution.In order to adapt to low temperature,plants have evolved strategies to acquire cold tolerance,known as,cold acclimation.Current molecular and genomic studies have reported that annual herbaceous and perennial woody plants share similar cold acclimation mechanisms.However,woody perennials also require extra resilience to survive cold winters.Thus,trees have acquired complex dynamic processes to control the development of dormancy and cold resistance,ensuring successful tolerance during the coldest winter season.In this review,we systemically described how woody plants perceive and transduce cold stress signals through a series of physiological changes such as calcium signaling,membrane lipid,and antioxidant changes altering downstream gene expression and epigenetic modification,ultimately bud dormancy.We extended the discussion and reviewed the processes endogenous phytohormones play in regulating the cold stress.We believe that this review will aid in the comprehension of underlying mechanisms in plant acclimation to cold stress.展开更多
The colonization of maize(Zea mays L.) and peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.) by the fungal pathogen Aspergillus flavus results in the contamination of kernels with carcinogenic mycotoxins known as aflatoxins leading to econ...The colonization of maize(Zea mays L.) and peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.) by the fungal pathogen Aspergillus flavus results in the contamination of kernels with carcinogenic mycotoxins known as aflatoxins leading to economic losses and potential health threats to humans. The regulation of aflatoxin biosynthesis in various Aspergillus spp. has been extensively studied, and has been shown to be related to oxidative stress responses. Given that environmental stresses such as drought and heat stress result in the accumulation of reactive oxygen species(ROS) within host plant tissues, host-derived ROS may play an important role in cross-kingdom communication between host plants and A. flavus. Recent technological advances in plant breeding have provided the tools necessary to study and apply knowledge derived from metabolomic, proteomic, and transcriptomic studies in the context of productive breeding populations. Here, we review the current understanding of the potential roles of environmental stress, ROS, and aflatoxin in the interaction between A.flavus and its host plants, and the current status in molecular breeding and marker discovery for resistance to A. flavus colonization and aflatoxin contamination in maize and peanut. We will also propose future directions and a working model for continuing research efforts linking environmental stress tolerance and aflatoxin contamination resistance in maize and peanut.展开更多
Cold-resistance pathways that operate in model plants such as Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa have been studied extensively.It has been found that CBF genes play an important role in plant cold resistance.Liriod...Cold-resistance pathways that operate in model plants such as Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa have been studied extensively.It has been found that CBF genes play an important role in plant cold resistance.Liriodendron chinense,a tree known for its graceful tree shape and widely spread in south China,has weak cold tolerance.However,little is known about its response to cold.To further study the function of L.chinense CBF gene family,we started by characterizing all members of this gene family in the L.chinense genome and their expression profiling.Phylogenetic analysis found that 14 CBF genes in L.chinense are more closely related to their homologues in woody plants and A.thaliana than those in O.sativa.Cis-acting elements and GO analysis showed that some LcCBF genes participated in the biological process of cold stress response.The transcriptomic and RT-qPCR data showed that most of LcCBF genes displayed an initially increasing and subsequently decreasing trend during cold stress course and the expression profile of each member was different.Some LcCBF genes exhibited a different abundance in callus,root,stem and leaf tissues.The structure and expression characteristics of LcCBF genes imply that they may have similar and different functions in response to cold stress conditions.The identification and analysis of LcCBF gene family have laid the foundation for future studies into L.chinense cold stress mechanisms and for the cultivation of cold-resistance cultivars.展开更多
The field spectroradiometer was used to measure spectra of different snow and snow-covered land surface objects in Beijing area.The result showed that for a pure snow spectrum,the snow reflectance peaks appeared from ...The field spectroradiometer was used to measure spectra of different snow and snow-covered land surface objects in Beijing area.The result showed that for a pure snow spectrum,the snow reflectance peaks appeared from visible to 800 nm band locations;there was an obvious absorption valley of snow spectrum near 1 030 nm wavelength.Compared with fresh snow,the reflection peaks of the old snow and melting snow showed different degrees of decline in the ranges of 300～1 300,1 700～1 800 and 2 200～2 300 nm,the lowest was from the compacted snow and frozen ice.For the vegetation and snow mixed spectral characteristics,it was indicated that the spectral reflectance increased for the snow-covered land types(including pine leaf with snow and pine leaf on snow background), due to the influence of snow background in the range of 350～1 300 nm.However, the spectrum reflectance of mixed pixel remained a vegetation spectral characteristic.In the end,based on the spectrum analysis of snow,vegetation,and mixed snow/vegetation pixels,the mixed spectral fitting equations were established,and the results showed that there was good correlation between spectral curves by simulation fitting and observed ones(correlation coefficient R2=0.950 9).展开更多
Because of descriptive nonlinearity and computational inefficiency,topology optimization with fatigue life under aperiodic loads has developed slowly.A fatigue constraint topology optimization method based on bidirect...Because of descriptive nonlinearity and computational inefficiency,topology optimization with fatigue life under aperiodic loads has developed slowly.A fatigue constraint topology optimization method based on bidirectional evolutionary structural optimization(BESO)under an aperiodic load is proposed in this paper.In viewof the severe nonlinearity of fatigue damagewith respect to design variables,effective stress cycles are extracted through transient dynamic analysis.Based on the Miner cumulative damage theory and life requirements,a fatigue constraint is first quantified and then transformed into a stress problem.Then,a normalized termination criterion is proposed by approximatemaximum stress measured by global stress using a P-normaggregation function.Finally,optimization examples show that the proposed algorithm can not only meet the requirements of fatigue life but also obtain a reasonable configuration.展开更多
We for the first time systematically studied the structures and electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction properties of two-dimensional single transition-metal anchored square tetracyanoquinodimethane monolayers(lab...We for the first time systematically studied the structures and electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction properties of two-dimensional single transition-metal anchored square tetracyanoquinodimethane monolayers(labeled as:TM-sTCNQ,TM=3d,4d,5d series transition metals)by employing density functional theory method.Through highthroughput screenings and full reaction path researches,two promising electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction catalysts Nb-sTCNQ and MosTCNQ have been obtained.The nitrogen reduction reaction onset potential on Nb-sTCNQ is as low as−0.48 V.Furthermore,the Nb-sTCNQ catalyst can quickly desorb NH3 produced with a free energy of 0.65 eV,giving Nb-sTCNQ excellent catalytic cycle performance.The high catalytic activity of the two materials might be attributed to the effective charge transfer between the active center and adsorbed N_(2),which enables the active center to adsorb and activate inert N_(2) molecules well,and the reduction processes require small energy input(i.e.,the maximum free energy changes are small).This work provides insights for finding highly efficient,stable,and low-cost nitrogen reduction reaction electrocatalysts.We hope our results can promote further experimental and theoretical research of this field.展开更多
We use broadband records from a dense seismic network deployed in and around the Qaidam Basin in northwestern China to analyze the crustal phases and investigate the depth of the Conrad and Moho discontinuities as wel...We use broadband records from a dense seismic network deployed in and around the Qaidam Basin in northwestern China to analyze the crustal phases and investigate the depth of the Conrad and Moho discontinuities as well as the P-wave velocity.Waveform cross-correlation is used to assist in the identification of the crustal phases and in determining their arrival times.Depth of the Conrad discontinuity is determined by fitting the travel times of Conrad-diffracted P-waves using a two-layer model.The depth of the Conrad discontinuity under the eastern part of the basin is shallower than the western part,which can be attributed to different crustal shortening mechanisms.The upper crust shortening in the western part of the basin leads to thickening of the upper crust,while multiple thrust faults result in the rise of the Conrad discontinuity in the east.These two different mechanisms determine the depth change of the Conrad discontinuity in the basin from the west to the east,which is supported by the results in this study.展开更多
A virtual Taylor impact of cellular materials is analyzed with a wave propagation technique, i.e. the Lagrangian analysis method, of which the main advantage is that no pre-assumed constitutive relationship is require...A virtual Taylor impact of cellular materials is analyzed with a wave propagation technique, i.e. the Lagrangian analysis method, of which the main advantage is that no pre-assumed constitutive relationship is required. Time histories of particle velocity, local strain, and stress profiles are calculated to present the local stress-strain history curves, from which the dynamic stress-strain states are obtained. The present results reveal that the dynamic-rigid-plastic hardening （D-R-PH） material model introduced in a previous study of our group is in good agreement with the dynamic stress-strain states under high loading rates obtained by the Lagrangian analysis method. It directly reflects the effectiveness and feasibility of the D-R-PH material model for the cellular materials under high loading rates.展开更多
The massive conversion of resourceful biomass to carbon nanomaterials not only opens a new avenue to effective and economical disposal of biomass,but provides a possibility to produce highly valued functionalized carb...The massive conversion of resourceful biomass to carbon nanomaterials not only opens a new avenue to effective and economical disposal of biomass,but provides a possibility to produce highly valued functionalized carbon-based electrodes for energy storage and conversion systems.In this work,biomass is applied to a facile and scalable one-step pyrolysis method to prepare three-dimensional(3D)carbon nanotubes/mesoporous carbon architecture,which uses transition metal inorganic salts and melamine as initial precursors.The role of each employed component is investigated,and the electrochemical performance of the attained product is explored.Each component and precise regulation of their dosage is proven to be the key to successful conversion of biomass to the desired carbon nanomaterials.Owing to the unique 3D architecture and integration of individual merits of carbon nanotubes and mesoporous carbon,the as-synthesized carbon nanotubes/mesoporous carbon hybrid exhibits versatile application toward lithium-ion batteries and Zn-air batteries.Apparently,a significant guidance on effective conversion of biomass to functionalized carbon nanomaterials can be shown by this work.展开更多
Devising a desirable adsorbent for efficiently selective capture of Ag(Ⅰ) from wastewater has attracted much attention but faced with huge challenges. Herein, a novel linear o-phenanthroline-based polymer L-PRL was p...Devising a desirable adsorbent for efficiently selective capture of Ag(Ⅰ) from wastewater has attracted much attention but faced with huge challenges. Herein, a novel linear o-phenanthroline-based polymer L-PRL was prepared via chemical oxidative polymerization for the adsorption of Ag(Ⅰ). The maximum adsorption capacity for Ag(Ⅰ) by L-PRL is 325.8 mg/g at pH 0. In addition, L-PRL owes ascendant selectivity for Ag(Ⅰ) from aqueous solutions containing various interfering metal ions of Pb(Ⅱ), Co(Ⅱ), Ni(Ⅱ), Cd(Ⅱ)and Fe(Ⅲ). Multiple characterizations of FT-IR and XPS uncover that the N groups on L-PRL act as adsorption sites to coordinate with Ag(Ⅰ). Density functional theory(DFT) calculations further evidence the mechanism that L-PRL is provided with the admirable adsorptivity and selectivity for Ag(Ⅰ). It is mainly attributed to the most stable complexes of L-PRL with Ag(Ⅰ), which possesses shortest Ag-N bond length compared with other heavy metal ions. Furthermore, 93.5% of initial adsorption capacity is reserved after four continuous regeneration cycles, indicating that L-PRL is equipped with superior recyclability and durability, and L-PRL is capable of removing Ag(Ⅰ) in low-concentration actual Ag(Ⅰ)-containing wastewater completely. This study shed light on the rational design of polymer adsorbents and in-depth insight into selective removal of aqueous Ag(Ⅰ).展开更多
The selective capture of copper from strongly acidic solutions is of vital importance from the perspective of sustainable development and environmental protection.Metal organic frameworks(MOFs)have attracted the inter...The selective capture of copper from strongly acidic solutions is of vital importance from the perspective of sustainable development and environmental protection.Metal organic frameworks(MOFs)have attracted the interest of many scholars for adsorption due to their fascinating physicochemical characteristics,including adjustable structure,strong stability and porosity.Herein,pz-UiO-66 containing a pyrazine structure is successfully synthesized for the efficient separation of copper from strongly acidic conditions.Selective copper removal at low pH values is accomplished by using this material that is not available in previously reported metal–organic frameworks.Furthermore,the material exhibits excellent adsorption capacity,with a theoretical maximum copper uptake of 247 mg/g.As proven by XPS and FT-IR analysis,the coordination of pyrazine nitrogen atoms with copper ions is the dominant adsorption mechanism of copper by pz-UiO-66.This work provides an opportunity for efficient and selective copper removal under strongly acidic conditions,and promises extensive application prospects for the removal of copper in the treatment for acid metallurgical wastewater.展开更多
Aiming to design and prepare non-noble metal electrocatalysts for hydrogen production at high current density(HCD),NiCoP@FeNi LDH hierarchical nanosheets were deposited on nickel foam progressively us-ing a hydrotherm...Aiming to design and prepare non-noble metal electrocatalysts for hydrogen production at high current density(HCD),NiCoP@FeNi LDH hierarchical nanosheets were deposited on nickel foam progressively us-ing a hydrothermal-phosphorization-electrodeposition process.For hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER),NiCoP@FeNi LDH/NF requires only 195 and 230 mV overpotentials to reach 1000 mA cm−2,respectively.For overall water splitting,only 1.70 V is required at 1000 mA cm−2.This is the largest value for non-noble metal-based electrocatalysts reported so far at HCD.The hierarchi-cal structure exhibits good electron transport capability and the porous-macroporous structure enhances the gas release rate,resulting in enhanced hydrogen production at HCD.Especially,the synergistic effect of NiCoP and FeNi LDH contributes to the adsorption-desorption equilibrium of intermediate radicals dur-ing the reaction process and ultimately enhances the catalytic activity.This work provides useful direction for industrial-scale hydrogen production applications at HCD.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)to YD(32171129)from China Postdoctoral Science Foundation to YC(2023M731112)from NSFC to RG(32260216)。
文摘Vertebrate neurons are highly dynamic cells that undergo several alterations in their functioning and physiologies in adaptation to various external stimuli.In particular,how these neurons respond to physical exercise has long been an area of active research.Studies of the vertebrate locomotor system’s adaptability suggest multiple mechanisms are involved in the regulation of neuronal activity and properties during exercise.In this brief review,we highlight recent results and insights from the field with a focus on the following mechanisms:(a)alterations in neuronal excitability during acute exercise;(b)alterations in neuronal excitability after chronic exercise;(c)exercise-induced changes in neuronal membrane properties via modulation of ion channel activity;(d)exercise-enhanced dendritic plasticity;and(e)exercise-induced alterations in neuronal gene expression and protein synthesis.Our hope is to update the community with a cellular and molecular understanding of the recent mechanisms underlying the adaptability of the vertebrate locomotor system in response to both acute and chronic physical exercise.
基金This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31971682)the Research Startup Fund for High-Level and High-Educated Talents of Nanjing Forestry University.
文摘This study explores CAMTA genes in the rare and endangered Chinese plant species,Liriodendron chinense.Despite the completion of whole-genome sequencing,the roles of CAMTA genes in calcium regulation and stress responses in this species remain largely unexplored.Within the L.chinense genome,we identified two CAMTA genes,Lchi09764 and Lchi222536,characterized by four functional domains:CG-1,TIG,ANK repeats,and IQ motifs.Our analyses,including phylogenetic investigations,cis-regulatory element analyses,and chromosomal location studies,aim to elucidate the defining features of CAMTA genes in L.chinense.Applying Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis(WGCNA),we explored the impact of CAMTA genes on different organs and their regulation under abiotic stress conditions.The identification of significant gene modules and the prediction of promoter binding sites revealed co-expressed genes associated with CAMTA transcription factors.In summary,this study provides initial insights into CAMTA genes in L.chinense,laying the groundwork for future research on their evolution and biological roles.This knowledge enhancement contributes to a better understanding of plant responses to environmental stress—an essential aspect of plant biology.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFC1907900)the Key Project of Research and Development Plan of Jiangxi Province(20201BBE51007)the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(52125002)。
文摘Lithium,as the lightest and lowest potential metal,is an ideal "battery metal" and the core strategic metal of the new energy industry revolution.Recovering lithium from spent lithium batteries(LIBs)has become one of the significant approaches to obtaining lithium resources.At present,the lithium extraction being generally placed at the last step of the spent LIBs recovery process has puzzles such as high acid consumption,low Li recovery purity and low recovery efficiency.Selective lithium extraction at the first step of the recovery process can effectively solve those puzzles.Since lithium leaching is a non-spontaneous reaction requiring additional energy to achieve,it is found that these methods can be divided into five ways according to the different types of energy driving the reaction occurring:(ⅰ)electric energy driving lithium extraction;(ⅱ) chemical energy driving lithium extraction;(ⅲ) mechanical energy driving lithium extraction;(ⅳ) thermal energy driving lithium extraction;(ⅴ) other energy driving lithium extraction.Through the analysis of the principle,reaction process and results of recovering lithium methods can provide a few directions for scholars’ subsequent research.It is necessary to speed up the exploration of the principle of these methods.It is expected that this study could provide a reference for the research on the selective lithium extraction.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12072158)。
文摘A high-order gas kinetic flux solver(GKFS)is presented for simulating inviscid compressible flows.The weighted essentially non-oscillatory(WENO)scheme on a uniform mesh in the finite volume formulation is combined with the circular function-based GKFS(C-GKFS)to capture more details of the flow fields with fewer grids.Different from most of the current GKFSs,which are constructed based on the Maxwellian distribution function or its equivalent form,the C-GKFS simplifies the Maxwellian distribution function into the circular function,which ensures that the Euler or Navier-Stokes equations can be recovered correctly.This improves the efficiency of the GKFS and reduces its complexity to facilitate the practical application of engineering.Several benchmark cases are simulated,and good agreement can be obtained in comparison with the references,which demonstrates that the high-order C-GKFS can achieve the desired accuracy.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31971682)the Research Startup Fund for High-Level and High-Educated Talents of Nanjing Forestry University.
文摘Low temperature stress is one of the most important factors limiting plant growth and geographical distribution.In order to adapt to low temperature,plants have evolved strategies to acquire cold tolerance,known as,cold acclimation.Current molecular and genomic studies have reported that annual herbaceous and perennial woody plants share similar cold acclimation mechanisms.However,woody perennials also require extra resilience to survive cold winters.Thus,trees have acquired complex dynamic processes to control the development of dormancy and cold resistance,ensuring successful tolerance during the coldest winter season.In this review,we systemically described how woody plants perceive and transduce cold stress signals through a series of physiological changes such as calcium signaling,membrane lipid,and antioxidant changes altering downstream gene expression and epigenetic modification,ultimately bud dormancy.We extended the discussion and reviewed the processes endogenous phytohormones play in regulating the cold stress.We believe that this review will aid in the comprehension of underlying mechanisms in plant acclimation to cold stress.
基金supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS)the Georgia Agricultural Commodity Commission for Corn, the Georgia Peanut CommissionPeanut Foundation and AMCOE (Aflatoxin Mitigation Center of Excellence)
文摘The colonization of maize(Zea mays L.) and peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.) by the fungal pathogen Aspergillus flavus results in the contamination of kernels with carcinogenic mycotoxins known as aflatoxins leading to economic losses and potential health threats to humans. The regulation of aflatoxin biosynthesis in various Aspergillus spp. has been extensively studied, and has been shown to be related to oxidative stress responses. Given that environmental stresses such as drought and heat stress result in the accumulation of reactive oxygen species(ROS) within host plant tissues, host-derived ROS may play an important role in cross-kingdom communication between host plants and A. flavus. Recent technological advances in plant breeding have provided the tools necessary to study and apply knowledge derived from metabolomic, proteomic, and transcriptomic studies in the context of productive breeding populations. Here, we review the current understanding of the potential roles of environmental stress, ROS, and aflatoxin in the interaction between A.flavus and its host plants, and the current status in molecular breeding and marker discovery for resistance to A. flavus colonization and aflatoxin contamination in maize and peanut. We will also propose future directions and a working model for continuing research efforts linking environmental stress tolerance and aflatoxin contamination resistance in maize and peanut.
基金The work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31971682,31770715)Distinguished Professor Project of Jiangsu province and Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD).
文摘Cold-resistance pathways that operate in model plants such as Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa have been studied extensively.It has been found that CBF genes play an important role in plant cold resistance.Liriodendron chinense,a tree known for its graceful tree shape and widely spread in south China,has weak cold tolerance.However,little is known about its response to cold.To further study the function of L.chinense CBF gene family,we started by characterizing all members of this gene family in the L.chinense genome and their expression profiling.Phylogenetic analysis found that 14 CBF genes in L.chinense are more closely related to their homologues in woody plants and A.thaliana than those in O.sativa.Cis-acting elements and GO analysis showed that some LcCBF genes participated in the biological process of cold stress response.The transcriptomic and RT-qPCR data showed that most of LcCBF genes displayed an initially increasing and subsequently decreasing trend during cold stress course and the expression profile of each member was different.Some LcCBF genes exhibited a different abundance in callus,root,stem and leaf tissues.The structure and expression characteristics of LcCBF genes imply that they may have similar and different functions in response to cold stress conditions.The identification and analysis of LcCBF gene family have laid the foundation for future studies into L.chinense cold stress mechanisms and for the cultivation of cold-resistance cultivars.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(40771147)Global Change Research Projects of Key National Scientific Research Plan(2010CB951302)the Social Commonweal Meteorological Research Project(GYHY201106027)
文摘The field spectroradiometer was used to measure spectra of different snow and snow-covered land surface objects in Beijing area.The result showed that for a pure snow spectrum,the snow reflectance peaks appeared from visible to 800 nm band locations;there was an obvious absorption valley of snow spectrum near 1 030 nm wavelength.Compared with fresh snow,the reflection peaks of the old snow and melting snow showed different degrees of decline in the ranges of 300～1 300,1 700～1 800 and 2 200～2 300 nm,the lowest was from the compacted snow and frozen ice.For the vegetation and snow mixed spectral characteristics,it was indicated that the spectral reflectance increased for the snow-covered land types(including pine leaf with snow and pine leaf on snow background), due to the influence of snow background in the range of 350～1 300 nm.However, the spectrum reflectance of mixed pixel remained a vegetation spectral characteristic.In the end,based on the spectrum analysis of snow,vegetation,and mixed snow/vegetation pixels,the mixed spectral fitting equations were established,and the results showed that there was good correlation between spectral curves by simulation fitting and observed ones(correlation coefficient R2=0.950 9).
基金Chinese National Natural Science Foundation(No.51890881)Science and Technology Project of Hebei Education Department(Nos.ZD2020156,QN2018228).
文摘Because of descriptive nonlinearity and computational inefficiency,topology optimization with fatigue life under aperiodic loads has developed slowly.A fatigue constraint topology optimization method based on bidirectional evolutionary structural optimization(BESO)under an aperiodic load is proposed in this paper.In viewof the severe nonlinearity of fatigue damagewith respect to design variables,effective stress cycles are extracted through transient dynamic analysis.Based on the Miner cumulative damage theory and life requirements,a fatigue constraint is first quantified and then transformed into a stress problem.Then,a normalized termination criterion is proposed by approximatemaximum stress measured by global stress using a P-normaggregation function.Finally,optimization examples show that the proposed algorithm can not only meet the requirements of fatigue life but also obtain a reasonable configuration.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22073033,21873032,21673087,21903032)startup fund(2006013118 and 3004013105)from Huazhong University of Science and Technology+5 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2019kfyRCPY116)the Innovation and Talent Recruitment Base of New Energy Chemistry and Device(B21003)support from Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2021A1515010382)the computational resources from the computing cluster at the Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment,Ministry of Education&School of Chemistry,South China Normal UniversityThe work was carried out at the LvLiang Cloud Computing Center of China,and the calculations were performed on TianHe-2The computing work in this paper is supported by the Public Service Platform of High Performance Computing by Network and Computing Center of HUST.
文摘We for the first time systematically studied the structures and electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction properties of two-dimensional single transition-metal anchored square tetracyanoquinodimethane monolayers(labeled as:TM-sTCNQ,TM=3d,4d,5d series transition metals)by employing density functional theory method.Through highthroughput screenings and full reaction path researches,two promising electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction catalysts Nb-sTCNQ and MosTCNQ have been obtained.The nitrogen reduction reaction onset potential on Nb-sTCNQ is as low as−0.48 V.Furthermore,the Nb-sTCNQ catalyst can quickly desorb NH3 produced with a free energy of 0.65 eV,giving Nb-sTCNQ excellent catalytic cycle performance.The high catalytic activity of the two materials might be attributed to the effective charge transfer between the active center and adsorbed N_(2),which enables the active center to adsorb and activate inert N_(2) molecules well,and the reduction processes require small energy input(i.e.,the maximum free energy changes are small).This work provides insights for finding highly efficient,stable,and low-cost nitrogen reduction reaction electrocatalysts.We hope our results can promote further experimental and theoretical research of this field.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Number 41930103,41674052).
文摘We use broadband records from a dense seismic network deployed in and around the Qaidam Basin in northwestern China to analyze the crustal phases and investigate the depth of the Conrad and Moho discontinuities as well as the P-wave velocity.Waveform cross-correlation is used to assist in the identification of the crustal phases and in determining their arrival times.Depth of the Conrad discontinuity is determined by fitting the travel times of Conrad-diffracted P-waves using a two-layer model.The depth of the Conrad discontinuity under the eastern part of the basin is shallower than the western part,which can be attributed to different crustal shortening mechanisms.The upper crust shortening in the western part of the basin leads to thickening of the upper crust,while multiple thrust faults result in the rise of the Conrad discontinuity in the east.These two different mechanisms determine the depth change of the Conrad discontinuity in the basin from the west to the east,which is supported by the results in this study.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11372308 and 11372307)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(WK2480000001)
文摘A virtual Taylor impact of cellular materials is analyzed with a wave propagation technique, i.e. the Lagrangian analysis method, of which the main advantage is that no pre-assumed constitutive relationship is required. Time histories of particle velocity, local strain, and stress profiles are calculated to present the local stress-strain history curves, from which the dynamic stress-strain states are obtained. The present results reveal that the dynamic-rigid-plastic hardening （D-R-PH） material model introduced in a previous study of our group is in good agreement with the dynamic stress-strain states under high loading rates obtained by the Lagrangian analysis method. It directly reflects the effectiveness and feasibility of the D-R-PH material model for the cellular materials under high loading rates.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2019YFC1907900)Science&Technology Talents Lifting Project of Hunan Province(Grant No.2022TJ-N16)the Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department,China(Grant No.21A0392).
文摘The massive conversion of resourceful biomass to carbon nanomaterials not only opens a new avenue to effective and economical disposal of biomass,but provides a possibility to produce highly valued functionalized carbon-based electrodes for energy storage and conversion systems.In this work,biomass is applied to a facile and scalable one-step pyrolysis method to prepare three-dimensional(3D)carbon nanotubes/mesoporous carbon architecture,which uses transition metal inorganic salts and melamine as initial precursors.The role of each employed component is investigated,and the electrochemical performance of the attained product is explored.Each component and precise regulation of their dosage is proven to be the key to successful conversion of biomass to the desired carbon nanomaterials.Owing to the unique 3D architecture and integration of individual merits of carbon nanotubes and mesoporous carbon,the as-synthesized carbon nanotubes/mesoporous carbon hybrid exhibits versatile application toward lithium-ion batteries and Zn-air batteries.Apparently,a significant guidance on effective conversion of biomass to functionalized carbon nanomaterials can be shown by this work.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52125002)the Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission(KJZD-K202101502)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(20224ACB203015)。
基金financially supported by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(No.52125002)the National Science Foundation of China(No.52100043)+1 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2019YFC1907900)the National Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(No.20202BABL213037)。
文摘Devising a desirable adsorbent for efficiently selective capture of Ag(Ⅰ) from wastewater has attracted much attention but faced with huge challenges. Herein, a novel linear o-phenanthroline-based polymer L-PRL was prepared via chemical oxidative polymerization for the adsorption of Ag(Ⅰ). The maximum adsorption capacity for Ag(Ⅰ) by L-PRL is 325.8 mg/g at pH 0. In addition, L-PRL owes ascendant selectivity for Ag(Ⅰ) from aqueous solutions containing various interfering metal ions of Pb(Ⅱ), Co(Ⅱ), Ni(Ⅱ), Cd(Ⅱ)and Fe(Ⅲ). Multiple characterizations of FT-IR and XPS uncover that the N groups on L-PRL act as adsorption sites to coordinate with Ag(Ⅰ). Density functional theory(DFT) calculations further evidence the mechanism that L-PRL is provided with the admirable adsorptivity and selectivity for Ag(Ⅰ). It is mainly attributed to the most stable complexes of L-PRL with Ag(Ⅰ), which possesses shortest Ag-N bond length compared with other heavy metal ions. Furthermore, 93.5% of initial adsorption capacity is reserved after four continuous regeneration cycles, indicating that L-PRL is equipped with superior recyclability and durability, and L-PRL is capable of removing Ag(Ⅰ) in low-concentration actual Ag(Ⅰ)-containing wastewater completely. This study shed light on the rational design of polymer adsorbents and in-depth insight into selective removal of aqueous Ag(Ⅰ).
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52125002 and 51908270)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(No.20212ACB213006),and the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2019YFC1907900).
文摘The selective capture of copper from strongly acidic solutions is of vital importance from the perspective of sustainable development and environmental protection.Metal organic frameworks(MOFs)have attracted the interest of many scholars for adsorption due to their fascinating physicochemical characteristics,including adjustable structure,strong stability and porosity.Herein,pz-UiO-66 containing a pyrazine structure is successfully synthesized for the efficient separation of copper from strongly acidic conditions.Selective copper removal at low pH values is accomplished by using this material that is not available in previously reported metal–organic frameworks.Furthermore,the material exhibits excellent adsorption capacity,with a theoretical maximum copper uptake of 247 mg/g.As proven by XPS and FT-IR analysis,the coordination of pyrazine nitrogen atoms with copper ions is the dominant adsorption mechanism of copper by pz-UiO-66.This work provides an opportunity for efficient and selective copper removal under strongly acidic conditions,and promises extensive application prospects for the removal of copper in the treatment for acid metallurgical wastewater.
基金the National Sci-ence Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(No.52025041)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51974021,51902020,51904021)+3 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.FRF-TP-18-045A1 and FRF-TP-19-004B2Z)the National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents(No.BX20180034)the open foundation of Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metals and Featured Materials,Guangxi University(No.2021GXYSOF12)the Interdisciplinary Research Project for Young Teachers of USTB(Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities)(No.FRF-IDRY-21-028).
文摘Aiming to design and prepare non-noble metal electrocatalysts for hydrogen production at high current density(HCD),NiCoP@FeNi LDH hierarchical nanosheets were deposited on nickel foam progressively us-ing a hydrothermal-phosphorization-electrodeposition process.For hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER),NiCoP@FeNi LDH/NF requires only 195 and 230 mV overpotentials to reach 1000 mA cm−2,respectively.For overall water splitting,only 1.70 V is required at 1000 mA cm−2.This is the largest value for non-noble metal-based electrocatalysts reported so far at HCD.The hierarchi-cal structure exhibits good electron transport capability and the porous-macroporous structure enhances the gas release rate,resulting in enhanced hydrogen production at HCD.Especially,the synergistic effect of NiCoP and FeNi LDH contributes to the adsorption-desorption equilibrium of intermediate radicals dur-ing the reaction process and ultimately enhances the catalytic activity.This work provides useful direction for industrial-scale hydrogen production applications at HCD.
