The damage of rock joints or fractures upon shear includes the surface damage occurring at the contact asperities and the damage beneath the shear surface within the host rock.The latter is commonly known as off-fault...The damage of rock joints or fractures upon shear includes the surface damage occurring at the contact asperities and the damage beneath the shear surface within the host rock.The latter is commonly known as off-fault damage and has been much less investigated than the surface damage.The main contribution of this study is to compare the results of direct shear tests conducted on saw-cut planar joints and tension-induced rough granite joints under normal stresses ranging from 1 MPa to 50 MPa.The shear-induced off-fault damages are quantified and compared with the optical microscope observation.Our results clearly show that the planar joints slip stably under all the normal stresses except under 50 MPa,where some local fractures and regular stick-slip occur towards the end of the test.Both post-peak stress drop and stick-slip occur for all the rough joints.The residual shear strength envelopes for the rough joints and the peak shear strength envelope for the planar joints almost overlap.The root mean square(RMS)of asperity height for the rough joints decreases while it increases for the planar joint after shear,and a larger normal stress usually leads to a more significant decrease or increase in RMS.Besides,the extent of off-fault damage(or damage zone)increases with normal stress for both planar and rough joints,and it is restricted to a very thin layer with limited micro-cracks beneath the planar joint surface.In comparison,the thickness of the damage zone for the rough joints is about an order of magnitude larger than that of the planar joints,and the coalesced micro-cracks are generally inclined to the shear direction with acute angles.The findings obtained in this study contribute to a better understanding on the frictional behavior and damage characteristics of rock joints or fractures with different roughness.展开更多
In optimization theory,the adaptive control of the optimization process is an important goal that people pursue.To solve this problem,this study introduces the idea of neutrosophic decision-making into classical heuri...In optimization theory,the adaptive control of the optimization process is an important goal that people pursue.To solve this problem,this study introduces the idea of neutrosophic decision-making into classical heuristic algorithm,and proposes a novel neutrosophic adaptive clustering optimization thought,which is applied in a novel neutrosophic genetic algorithm(NGA),for example.The main feature of NGA is that the NGA treats the crossover effect as a neutrosophic fuzzy set,the variation ratio as a structural parameter,the crossover effect as a benefit parameter and the variation effect as a cost parameter,and then a neutrosophic fitness function value is created.Finally,a high order assignment problem in warehousemanagement is taken to illustrate the effectiveness of NGA.展开更多
Cd_(1-x)Zn_(x)S thin films were deposited by chemical bath deposition(CBD)on the glass substrate to study the influence of cadmium sulfate concentration on the structural characteristics of the thin film.The SEM resul...Cd_(1-x)Zn_(x)S thin films were deposited by chemical bath deposition(CBD)on the glass substrate to study the influence of cadmium sulfate concentration on the structural characteristics of the thin film.The SEM results show that the thin film surfaces under the cadmium sulfate concentration of 0.005 M exhibit better compactness and uniformity.The distribution diagrams of thin film elements illustrate the film growth rate changes on the trend of the increase,decrease,and increase with the increase of cadmium sulfate concentration.XRD studies exhibit the crystal structure of the film is the hexagonal phase,and there are obvious diffraction peaks and better crystallinity when the concentration is 0.005 M.Spectrophotometer test results demonstrate that the relationship between zinc content x and optical band gap value E_(g) can be expressed by the equation E_(g)(x)=0.59x^(2)+0.69x+2.43.Increasing the zinc content can increase the optical band gap,and the absorbance of the thin film can be improved by decreasing the cadmium sulfate concentration,however,all of them have good transmittance.At a concentration of 0.005 M,the thin film has good absorbance in the 300-800 nm range,80%transmittance,and band gap value of 3.24 eV,which is suitable for use as a buffer layer for solar cells.展开更多
Response surface methodology was used to optimize the extraction conditions of oil from watermelon seeds. Based on single factor experiments,the material to liquid ratio,extraction time and extraction solvent exhibite...Response surface methodology was used to optimize the extraction conditions of oil from watermelon seeds. Based on single factor experiments,the material to liquid ratio,extraction time and extraction solvent exhibited the highest effects on oil extraction. The mathematical model was established according to the Box-Behnken central composite design. The optimal extraction conditions consisted of a material to liquid ratio of 1∶ 16. 3( g / ml),an extraction time of 45. 4 min,and petroleum ether as the organic solvent. The predicted and actual yields of watermelon seed oil were 27. 92% and 28. 04%,respectively. The extracted oil was analyzed by GC-MS. The results revealed that watermelon seed oil contained several types of acids and esters; the relative percentages of the components were determined by a normalization method. The main fatty acids included linoleic acid,palmitic acid,oleic acid,and stearic acid,which accounted for 91. 24% of the total components.展开更多
1. Introduction The increasing global demand for sustainable energy sources and emerging environmental issues have pushed the development of energy conversion and storage technologies to the forefront of chemical rese...1. Introduction The increasing global demand for sustainable energy sources and emerging environmental issues have pushed the development of energy conversion and storage technologies to the forefront of chemical research [1,2]. In particular, electrochemical CO_(2) reduction(CO_(2) R) to value-added fuels and chemicals presents a feasible pathway for renewable energy storage and could help mitigate the ever-increasing CO_(2) emissions [3].展开更多
CO_(2)electroreduction reaction(CO_(2)RR),combined with solid oxide electrolysis cells(SOECs),is a feasible technology for the storage of renewable electric energy,while its development is limited by the catalytic act...CO_(2)electroreduction reaction(CO_(2)RR),combined with solid oxide electrolysis cells(SOECs),is a feasible technology for the storage of renewable electric energy,while its development is limited by the catalytic activity and stability on cathodes.Here,a novel garnet oxide(Gd_(3)Fe_(5)O_(12))cathode is designed,where the garnet oxide is converted to perovskite oxide and iron via in situ electrochemical phase transition during CO_(2)electroreduction,resulting in high activity with Faradaic efficiency close to 100%and great stability over 1000 h galvanostatic test.A variety of experimental characterizations and density functional theory calculations indicate that in situ exsolved Fe clusters can effectively enhance the adsorption energies of intermediates and lowering the CO_(2)dissociation barriers.Microkinetic modelling confirms that CO_(2)RR goes through a dissociative adsorption mechanism and the electronic transfer for CO_(2)dissociation is the rate-determining step.展开更多
Anthocyanin accumulation during storage root development in purple-fleshed sweet potato was analyzed by detection of anthocyanin concentration, accumulation rate and the expression pattern of anthocyanin biosynthetic ...Anthocyanin accumulation during storage root development in purple-fleshed sweet potato was analyzed by detection of anthocyanin concentration, accumulation rate and the expression pattern of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Anthocyanin concentration in sweet potato cvs Jishu 18 and Ayamurasaki increased steadily during storage root development stage. The accumulation rate in two genotypes peaked at 50 to 65 d after transplanting, and then declined rapidly. During storage root development of Ayamurasaki, the anthocyanin biosynthesis gene, IbCHS, was constitutively expressed, the genes IbF3H, IbDFR, IbANS were induced steadily, reaching a maximum at the later stage of root thickening, and IbPAL steadily decreased. Therefore, the mechanism of anthocyanin accumulation differed between the two cultivars, and anthocyanin biosynthesis was regulated through regulation of its synthetic enzymes.展开更多
[Objective]The objective of this research was to examine the effects of COR on anthocyanin and starch content in storage roots of two PFS genotypes,and to explore the relationships between anthocyanin synthesis and st...[Objective]The objective of this research was to examine the effects of COR on anthocyanin and starch content in storage roots of two PFS genotypes,and to explore the relationships between anthocyanin synthesis and starch accumulation.[Method]A field experiment was carried out to determine the changes in yield components,yield,contents of anthocyanin and starch,activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase(PAL)and adenosine 5-diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase(AGPase)in two genotypes of PFS(Ipomoea batatas L.,var.‘Ayamurasaki’and‘Jishu18’).[Result]The application of COR significantly increased starch and anthocyanin content in storage roots of Jishu18 across developmental stages by inducing the activities of PAL and AGPase,and finally enhanced yield by promoting fresh weight of storage roots.Ayamurasaki was insensitive to treatment with COR although its PAL activity temporally increased.The starch and anthocyanin content of Aya,and the anthocyanin content of Jishu18 increased progressively across developmental stages with or without COR application,but the starch content of Jishu18increased initially,then decreased before increasing again without application of COR.Treatment with COR reduced downward trend of starch accumulation in Jishu18.Thus,the effect of COR on accumulation of anthocyanin and starch in storage roots of PFS differs according to genotypes.[Conclusion]The application of0.05μmol/L COR may increase starch and anthocyanin content in PFS genotypes with lower starch and anthocyanin content in storage roots.展开更多
Functional ingredients,health functions and current situation of utilization and processing of garlic were summarized to provide theoretical reference for the further development of garlic products and the healthy dev...Functional ingredients,health functions and current situation of utilization and processing of garlic were summarized to provide theoretical reference for the further development of garlic products and the healthy development of garlic industry.展开更多
Objective:To measure oxalate,calcium,and sodium contents of traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs)that are commonly used to prevent and dissolve urinary stones to exclude the possibility that long-term use of such medici...Objective:To measure oxalate,calcium,and sodium contents of traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs)that are commonly used to prevent and dissolve urinary stones to exclude the possibility that long-term use of such medicines promotes stone formation.The second objective was to measure citrate,potassium,and magnesium contents in the same medicines to provide possible clues about the mechanisms of prevention and dissolution of urinary stones by TCMs.Methods:Ten of the most commonly-used TCMs for preventing and dissolving urinary stones were chosen and subjected to ion chromatography(IC)to measure water-soluble and total oxalate and citrate contents.Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry(ICPAES)was used to measure calcium,potassium,magnesium,and sodium contents in a water extract and in digestion liquid.Results:Average contents of water-soluble oxalate,calcium,and sodium in the water extract were 41.92,84.32,and 22.82 mg/100 g,respectively,far below the normal dietary intake of adults in China.The average contents of citrate and magnesium in water extracts were 268.99 and 66.65 mg/100 g,respectively,below the recommended intake for adults.These ion contents are therefore insufficient to inhibit the formation of urinary stones.The average content of potassium in the water extract was 867.71 mg/100 g,which was relatively abundant,so taking the prescription used in this experimental protocol can increase the body’s potassium content to some extent.Conclusions:Long-term use of TCMs would not increase the risk of urinary stone formation.The potassium content in TCMs is high,which is one possible reason for the prevention of urinary stones by TCMs.展开更多
Peter Matthiessen is widely regarded as a serious, disciplined author who wrote about wild nature, vanishing cultures, and human society. He was a dedicated naturalist from early on, and the concern for nature informe...Peter Matthiessen is widely regarded as a serious, disciplined author who wrote about wild nature, vanishing cultures, and human society. He was a dedicated naturalist from early on, and the concern for nature informed his work from the beginning of his career. This paper analyses Matthiessen’s major works from the perspective of ecocriticism, revealing his ecological ideas on natural ecology, social ecology and spiritual ecology respectively. For Matthiessen, the modern environmental crisis is inseparable from social and spiritual problems. He criticizes the anthropocentric and imperial points of view, sparing no effort to pursue justice, harmony and wholeness both in his literary imagination and real life.展开更多
3D NAND(three-dimensional NAND type)has rapidly become the standard technology for enterprise flash memories,and is also gaining widespread use in other applications.Continued manufacturing process improvements are es...3D NAND(three-dimensional NAND type)has rapidly become the standard technology for enterprise flash memories,and is also gaining widespread use in other applications.Continued manufacturing process improvements are essential in delivering memory devices with higher I/O performance,higher bit density,and at lower cost.Current 3D NAND technology involves process steps that form array and peripheral CMOS(Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor)regions side-by-side,resulting in waste of silicon real estate and film stress compromises,and limits the paths of making advanced 3D NAND devices.An innovative architecture was invented to overcome these challenges by connecting two wafers electrically through metal VIAs(Vertical Interconnect Access)[1].Highly accurate and efficient metrology is required to monitor VIA interface due to increased process complexity and precision requirements.With the advanced processing of AFM(Atomic Force Microscopy)images,highly accurate and precise measurements have been achieved.An inline pattern-centric metrology solution that is designed for high volume mass production of high-performance 3D NAND is presented in this paper.展开更多
Objective:To discuss the management of safe medication in the treatment of internal diseases in traditional Chinese medicine.Methods:124 patients with medical diseases were divided into experimental group and control ...Objective:To discuss the management of safe medication in the treatment of internal diseases in traditional Chinese medicine.Methods:124 patients with medical diseases were divided into experimental group and control group by random number table method,with 62 cases in each group.The experimental group implemented safe medication management,and the control group implemented routine medication management,all of which were treated for 4 consecutive weeks.The comparison of the improvement of the quality of life,the compliance rate of safe medication and the adverse drug reactions of the two groups after clinical treatment were compared.Results:After 8 weeks of treatment,there was a significant difference in clinical efficacy between the two groups of patients.In terms of quality-of-life scores,the scores of the experimental group were better than those of the control group.The living ability,condition,physical strength and other conditions of patients were significantly different.The t-values were 15.3427,14.0275,and 7.7113,respectively,and P<0.01 was statistically significant.The compliance rates of patients in the experimental group and observation group were 95.16%and 70.96%,respectively,with significant differences(P<0.05).In terms of the incidence of adverse drug events,the experimental group was 3.22%,which was significantly lower than the observation group's 8.06%(P<0.05).Conclusion:The implementation of safe medication management in the clinical treatment ofTCM internal diseases can improve the quality of life of patients to a certain extent,increase their safe medication compliance rate,and reduce the incidence of adverse medication events.The clinical application value is extremely high,and it can be widely promoted and applied.展开更多
Atmospheric humidity is a sustainable low-value energy widely existing in natural environment,which is a promising candidate to solve the noncontinuous and low efficiency of low-value energy power generation.Here the ...Atmospheric humidity is a sustainable low-value energy widely existing in natural environment,which is a promising candidate to solve the noncontinuous and low efficiency of low-value energy power generation.Here the mono-substituted Dawson-type polyoxometalates are constructed to be highly dispersed organic ammonium-polyoxoanion clusters and are assembled into thin films power generators with micropores,working in atmospheric humidity.The optimal polyoxometalates generator with the thickness of 7.2μm and the area of 0.36 cm^(2) produces a voltage of 0.68 V and a current density of 19.5μA·cm^(-2) under simulated natural environment,and works continuously and stably under almost all-natural environments(humidity 10%–90%).The highly dispersed polyoxometalate nanoclusters can form microporous in polyoxometalate films to effectively absorb atmospheric humidity and spontaneously form distribution gradient of water,which is the structural basis of power generation.The continuous power generation may be maintained by the effective adsorption and utilization of H_(2)O,the huge electrostatic field of organic ammonium-polyoxoanion clusters,and the reasonably designed polyoxometalates containing inorganic small ions with high mobility.It is the first humidity generator designed with polyoxometalates,which may provide a new research direction for polyoxometalates in sustainable utilization of low-value energy.展开更多
Fault diagnosis plays a significant role in conducting condition-based maintenance and health management for gas turbines(GTs) to improve reliability and reduce costs. Various diagnosis methods developed by modeling e...Fault diagnosis plays a significant role in conducting condition-based maintenance and health management for gas turbines(GTs) to improve reliability and reduce costs. Various diagnosis methods developed by modeling engine systems or certain components implement faults detection and diagnosis based on the measurement of systemic parameters deviations. However, these conventional model-based methods are hindered by limitations of inability to handle the nonlinear nature, measurement uncertainty, fault coupling and other implementing problems. Recently, the development of artificial intelligence algorithms has provided an effective solution to the above problems, triggering broad researches for data-driven fault diagnosis methods with better accuracy,dynamic performance, and universality. This paper presents a systematic review of recently proposed intelligent fault diagnosis methods for GT engines, according to the classification of shallow learning methods, deep learning methods and hybrid intelligent methods. Moreover, the principle of typical algorithms, the evolution of enhanced methods, and the assessment of pros and cons are summarized to conclude the present status and look forward to the future in the field of GT fault diagnosis. Possible directions for development in method validation, information fusion, and interpretability of intelligent diagnosis methods are concluded in the end to provide insightful concepts for scholars in related fields.展开更多
Soil phosphorus (P) plays a vital role in both ecological and agricultural ecosystems, where total P (TP) in soil serves as a crucial indicator of soil fertility and quality. Most of the studies covered in the literat...Soil phosphorus (P) plays a vital role in both ecological and agricultural ecosystems, where total P (TP) in soil serves as a crucial indicator of soil fertility and quality. Most of the studies covered in the literature employ a single or narrow range of soil databases, which largely overlooks the impact of utilizing multiple mapping scales in estimating soil TP, especially in hilly topographies. In this study, Fujian Province, a subtropical hilly region along China’s southeast coast covered by a complex topographic environment, was taken as a case study. The influence of the mapping scale on soil TP storage (TPS)estimation was analyzed using six digital soil databases that were derived from 3 082 unique soil profiles at different mapping scales, i.e., 1:50 000 (S5),1:200 000 (S20), 1:500 000 (S50), 1:1 000 000 (S100), 1:4 000 000 (S400), and 1:10 000 000 (S1000). The regional TPS in the surface soil (0–20 cm) based on the S5, S20, S50, S100, S400, and S1000 soil maps was 20.72, 22.17, 23.06, 23.05, 22.04, and 23.48 Tg, respectively, and the corresponding TPS at0–100 cm soil depth was 80.98, 80.71, 85.00, 84.03, 82.96, and 86.72 Tg, respectively. By comparing soil TPS in the S20 to S1000 maps to that in the S5map, the relative deviations were 6.37%–13.32%for 0–20 cm and 0.33%–7.09%for 0–100 cm. Moreover, since the S20 map had the lowest relative deviation among different mapping scales as compared to S5, it could provide additional soil information and a richer soil environment than other smaller mapping scales. Our results also revealed that many uncertainties in soil TPS estimation originated from the lack of detailed soil information, i.e., representation and spatial variations among different soil types. From the time and labor perspectives, our work provides useful guidelines to identify the appropriate mapping scale for estimating regional soil TPS in areas like Fujian Province in subtropical China or other places with similar complex topographies. Moreover, it is of tremendous importance to accurately estimate soil TPS to ensure ecosystem stability and sustainable agricultural development, especially for regional decision-making and management of phosphate fertilizer application amounts.展开更多
Compared with other types of breast cancer,triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC)has the characteristics of a high degree of malignancy and poor prognosis.Early diagnosis of TNBC through biological markers and timely dev...Compared with other types of breast cancer,triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC)has the characteristics of a high degree of malignancy and poor prognosis.Early diagnosis of TNBC through biological markers and timely development of effective treatment methods can reduce its mortality.Many Research experiments have confirmed that some specific mi RNA expression profiles in TNBC can used as markers for early diagnosis.However,detecting the expression profiles of multiple groups of miRNAs according to traditional detection methods is complicated and consumes many samples.To address this issue,we developed a method for high-throughput,high-sensitivity quantitative detection of multiple sets of miRNAs(including mi R-16,mi R-21,mi R-92,mi R-199,and mi R-342)specifically expressed in TNBC by rolling circle amplification(RCA)on fluorescence-encoded microspheres.Through the optimization of reaction system conditions,the developed method showed an extensive linear dynamic range and high sensitivity for all five miRNAs with the lowest limit of detection of 2 fmol/L.Meanwhile,this high-throughput detection method also appeared reasonable specificity.Only in the presence of a specific target miRNA,the fluorescence signal on the correspondingly encoded microspheres is significantly increased,while the fluorescence signal on other non-correspondingly encoded microspheres is almost negligible.Furthermore,this process exhibited good recovery and reproducibility in serum.The advantages of this method allow us to more conveniently obtain the expression profiles of multiple groups of TNBC-associated mi RNAs,which is beneficial for the early detection of TNBC.展开更多
基金financial support from Taishan Scholars Program(Grant No.2019KJG002)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42272329 and 52279116).
文摘The damage of rock joints or fractures upon shear includes the surface damage occurring at the contact asperities and the damage beneath the shear surface within the host rock.The latter is commonly known as off-fault damage and has been much less investigated than the surface damage.The main contribution of this study is to compare the results of direct shear tests conducted on saw-cut planar joints and tension-induced rough granite joints under normal stresses ranging from 1 MPa to 50 MPa.The shear-induced off-fault damages are quantified and compared with the optical microscope observation.Our results clearly show that the planar joints slip stably under all the normal stresses except under 50 MPa,where some local fractures and regular stick-slip occur towards the end of the test.Both post-peak stress drop and stick-slip occur for all the rough joints.The residual shear strength envelopes for the rough joints and the peak shear strength envelope for the planar joints almost overlap.The root mean square(RMS)of asperity height for the rough joints decreases while it increases for the planar joint after shear,and a larger normal stress usually leads to a more significant decrease or increase in RMS.Besides,the extent of off-fault damage(or damage zone)increases with normal stress for both planar and rough joints,and it is restricted to a very thin layer with limited micro-cracks beneath the planar joint surface.In comparison,the thickness of the damage zone for the rough joints is about an order of magnitude larger than that of the planar joints,and the coalesced micro-cracks are generally inclined to the shear direction with acute angles.The findings obtained in this study contribute to a better understanding on the frictional behavior and damage characteristics of rock joints or fractures with different roughness.
基金supported by Shanghai Pujiang Pro-gram(2019PJC062)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2021MG003)+2 种基金the Research Project on Undergraduate Teaching Reform of Higher Education in Shandong Province(No.Z2021046)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51508319)the Nature and Science Fund from Zhejiang Province Ministry of Education(Y201327642).
文摘In optimization theory,the adaptive control of the optimization process is an important goal that people pursue.To solve this problem,this study introduces the idea of neutrosophic decision-making into classical heuristic algorithm,and proposes a novel neutrosophic adaptive clustering optimization thought,which is applied in a novel neutrosophic genetic algorithm(NGA),for example.The main feature of NGA is that the NGA treats the crossover effect as a neutrosophic fuzzy set,the variation ratio as a structural parameter,the crossover effect as a benefit parameter and the variation effect as a cost parameter,and then a neutrosophic fitness function value is created.Finally,a high order assignment problem in warehousemanagement is taken to illustrate the effectiveness of NGA.
基金This work was supported by the Tianjin Municipal Education Commission,Horizontal subject(grant number 70304901).
文摘Cd_(1-x)Zn_(x)S thin films were deposited by chemical bath deposition(CBD)on the glass substrate to study the influence of cadmium sulfate concentration on the structural characteristics of the thin film.The SEM results show that the thin film surfaces under the cadmium sulfate concentration of 0.005 M exhibit better compactness and uniformity.The distribution diagrams of thin film elements illustrate the film growth rate changes on the trend of the increase,decrease,and increase with the increase of cadmium sulfate concentration.XRD studies exhibit the crystal structure of the film is the hexagonal phase,and there are obvious diffraction peaks and better crystallinity when the concentration is 0.005 M.Spectrophotometer test results demonstrate that the relationship between zinc content x and optical band gap value E_(g) can be expressed by the equation E_(g)(x)=0.59x^(2)+0.69x+2.43.Increasing the zinc content can increase the optical band gap,and the absorbance of the thin film can be improved by decreasing the cadmium sulfate concentration,however,all of them have good transmittance.At a concentration of 0.005 M,the thin film has good absorbance in the 300-800 nm range,80%transmittance,and band gap value of 3.24 eV,which is suitable for use as a buffer layer for solar cells.
基金Supported by Fund for Independent Innovation of Agricultural Science in Jiangsu Province(CX-125067)
文摘Response surface methodology was used to optimize the extraction conditions of oil from watermelon seeds. Based on single factor experiments,the material to liquid ratio,extraction time and extraction solvent exhibited the highest effects on oil extraction. The mathematical model was established according to the Box-Behnken central composite design. The optimal extraction conditions consisted of a material to liquid ratio of 1∶ 16. 3( g / ml),an extraction time of 45. 4 min,and petroleum ether as the organic solvent. The predicted and actual yields of watermelon seed oil were 27. 92% and 28. 04%,respectively. The extracted oil was analyzed by GC-MS. The results revealed that watermelon seed oil contained several types of acids and esters; the relative percentages of the components were determined by a normalization method. The main fatty acids included linoleic acid,palmitic acid,oleic acid,and stearic acid,which accounted for 91. 24% of the total components.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants 21872039,22072030 and 52025023)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(Grants 18JC1411700 and 19DZ2270100)+3 种基金the Key R&D Program of Guangdong Province(Grant 2020B010189001)funding support from the original personalized project of Fudan Universityfunding support from China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021M700810)。
文摘1. Introduction The increasing global demand for sustainable energy sources and emerging environmental issues have pushed the development of energy conversion and storage technologies to the forefront of chemical research [1,2]. In particular, electrochemical CO_(2) reduction(CO_(2) R) to value-added fuels and chemicals presents a feasible pathway for renewable energy storage and could help mitigate the ever-increasing CO_(2) emissions [3].
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(91545202,91945302)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS,XDB17000000,XDB36030200)+4 种基金the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2018YFA0704503)the Liao Ning Revitalization Talents Program(XLYC1807066,XLYC1907099)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of CAS(Y201829)the State Key Laboratory of Catalysis in DICP(No.N-19-13)the DNL Cooperation Fund,CAS(DNL202003)。
文摘CO_(2)electroreduction reaction(CO_(2)RR),combined with solid oxide electrolysis cells(SOECs),is a feasible technology for the storage of renewable electric energy,while its development is limited by the catalytic activity and stability on cathodes.Here,a novel garnet oxide(Gd_(3)Fe_(5)O_(12))cathode is designed,where the garnet oxide is converted to perovskite oxide and iron via in situ electrochemical phase transition during CO_(2)electroreduction,resulting in high activity with Faradaic efficiency close to 100%and great stability over 1000 h galvanostatic test.A variety of experimental characterizations and density functional theory calculations indicate that in situ exsolved Fe clusters can effectively enhance the adsorption energies of intermediates and lowering the CO_(2)dissociation barriers.Microkinetic modelling confirms that CO_(2)RR goes through a dissociative adsorption mechanism and the electronic transfer for CO_(2)dissociation is the rate-determining step.
基金Support by the Youth Fund of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science(2014QNM31)the China Agriculture Research System of Sweet Potato(CARS-11-B-06)
文摘Anthocyanin accumulation during storage root development in purple-fleshed sweet potato was analyzed by detection of anthocyanin concentration, accumulation rate and the expression pattern of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Anthocyanin concentration in sweet potato cvs Jishu 18 and Ayamurasaki increased steadily during storage root development stage. The accumulation rate in two genotypes peaked at 50 to 65 d after transplanting, and then declined rapidly. During storage root development of Ayamurasaki, the anthocyanin biosynthesis gene, IbCHS, was constitutively expressed, the genes IbF3H, IbDFR, IbANS were induced steadily, reaching a maximum at the later stage of root thickening, and IbPAL steadily decreased. Therefore, the mechanism of anthocyanin accumulation differed between the two cultivars, and anthocyanin biosynthesis was regulated through regulation of its synthetic enzymes.
基金Supported by National Sweetpotato Industry Technology System(nycytx-16-B-10)
文摘[Objective]The objective of this research was to examine the effects of COR on anthocyanin and starch content in storage roots of two PFS genotypes,and to explore the relationships between anthocyanin synthesis and starch accumulation.[Method]A field experiment was carried out to determine the changes in yield components,yield,contents of anthocyanin and starch,activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase(PAL)and adenosine 5-diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase(AGPase)in two genotypes of PFS(Ipomoea batatas L.,var.‘Ayamurasaki’and‘Jishu18’).[Result]The application of COR significantly increased starch and anthocyanin content in storage roots of Jishu18 across developmental stages by inducing the activities of PAL and AGPase,and finally enhanced yield by promoting fresh weight of storage roots.Ayamurasaki was insensitive to treatment with COR although its PAL activity temporally increased.The starch and anthocyanin content of Aya,and the anthocyanin content of Jishu18 increased progressively across developmental stages with or without COR application,but the starch content of Jishu18increased initially,then decreased before increasing again without application of COR.Treatment with COR reduced downward trend of starch accumulation in Jishu18.Thus,the effect of COR on accumulation of anthocyanin and starch in storage roots of PFS differs according to genotypes.[Conclusion]The application of0.05μmol/L COR may increase starch and anthocyanin content in PFS genotypes with lower starch and anthocyanin content in storage roots.
基金Supported by Fundamental Research Funds for the Tianjin Universities(2017KDZD02)Foundation of Institute of New Rural Development,Tianjin University of Science&Technology(XNC002)Foundation of Engineering Research Center of Food Biotechnology,Ministry of Education(SPZX005)
文摘Functional ingredients,health functions and current situation of utilization and processing of garlic were summarized to provide theoretical reference for the further development of garlic products and the healthy development of garlic industry.
文摘Objective:To measure oxalate,calcium,and sodium contents of traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs)that are commonly used to prevent and dissolve urinary stones to exclude the possibility that long-term use of such medicines promotes stone formation.The second objective was to measure citrate,potassium,and magnesium contents in the same medicines to provide possible clues about the mechanisms of prevention and dissolution of urinary stones by TCMs.Methods:Ten of the most commonly-used TCMs for preventing and dissolving urinary stones were chosen and subjected to ion chromatography(IC)to measure water-soluble and total oxalate and citrate contents.Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry(ICPAES)was used to measure calcium,potassium,magnesium,and sodium contents in a water extract and in digestion liquid.Results:Average contents of water-soluble oxalate,calcium,and sodium in the water extract were 41.92,84.32,and 22.82 mg/100 g,respectively,far below the normal dietary intake of adults in China.The average contents of citrate and magnesium in water extracts were 268.99 and 66.65 mg/100 g,respectively,below the recommended intake for adults.These ion contents are therefore insufficient to inhibit the formation of urinary stones.The average content of potassium in the water extract was 867.71 mg/100 g,which was relatively abundant,so taking the prescription used in this experimental protocol can increase the body’s potassium content to some extent.Conclusions:Long-term use of TCMs would not increase the risk of urinary stone formation.The potassium content in TCMs is high,which is one possible reason for the prevention of urinary stones by TCMs.
文摘Peter Matthiessen is widely regarded as a serious, disciplined author who wrote about wild nature, vanishing cultures, and human society. He was a dedicated naturalist from early on, and the concern for nature informed his work from the beginning of his career. This paper analyses Matthiessen’s major works from the perspective of ecocriticism, revealing his ecological ideas on natural ecology, social ecology and spiritual ecology respectively. For Matthiessen, the modern environmental crisis is inseparable from social and spiritual problems. He criticizes the anthropocentric and imperial points of view, sparing no effort to pursue justice, harmony and wholeness both in his literary imagination and real life.
文摘3D NAND(three-dimensional NAND type)has rapidly become the standard technology for enterprise flash memories,and is also gaining widespread use in other applications.Continued manufacturing process improvements are essential in delivering memory devices with higher I/O performance,higher bit density,and at lower cost.Current 3D NAND technology involves process steps that form array and peripheral CMOS(Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor)regions side-by-side,resulting in waste of silicon real estate and film stress compromises,and limits the paths of making advanced 3D NAND devices.An innovative architecture was invented to overcome these challenges by connecting two wafers electrically through metal VIAs(Vertical Interconnect Access)[1].Highly accurate and efficient metrology is required to monitor VIA interface due to increased process complexity and precision requirements.With the advanced processing of AFM(Atomic Force Microscopy)images,highly accurate and precise measurements have been achieved.An inline pattern-centric metrology solution that is designed for high volume mass production of high-performance 3D NAND is presented in this paper.
文摘Objective:To discuss the management of safe medication in the treatment of internal diseases in traditional Chinese medicine.Methods:124 patients with medical diseases were divided into experimental group and control group by random number table method,with 62 cases in each group.The experimental group implemented safe medication management,and the control group implemented routine medication management,all of which were treated for 4 consecutive weeks.The comparison of the improvement of the quality of life,the compliance rate of safe medication and the adverse drug reactions of the two groups after clinical treatment were compared.Results:After 8 weeks of treatment,there was a significant difference in clinical efficacy between the two groups of patients.In terms of quality-of-life scores,the scores of the experimental group were better than those of the control group.The living ability,condition,physical strength and other conditions of patients were significantly different.The t-values were 15.3427,14.0275,and 7.7113,respectively,and P<0.01 was statistically significant.The compliance rates of patients in the experimental group and observation group were 95.16%and 70.96%,respectively,with significant differences(P<0.05).In terms of the incidence of adverse drug events,the experimental group was 3.22%,which was significantly lower than the observation group's 8.06%(P<0.05).Conclusion:The implementation of safe medication management in the clinical treatment ofTCM internal diseases can improve the quality of life of patients to a certain extent,increase their safe medication compliance rate,and reduce the incidence of adverse medication events.The clinical application value is extremely high,and it can be widely promoted and applied.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22271042 and 21871041)the Science and Technology Research Project of the Education Department of Jilin Province(No.JJKH20211286KJ)the Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province(No.20180101298JC).
文摘Atmospheric humidity is a sustainable low-value energy widely existing in natural environment,which is a promising candidate to solve the noncontinuous and low efficiency of low-value energy power generation.Here the mono-substituted Dawson-type polyoxometalates are constructed to be highly dispersed organic ammonium-polyoxoanion clusters and are assembled into thin films power generators with micropores,working in atmospheric humidity.The optimal polyoxometalates generator with the thickness of 7.2μm and the area of 0.36 cm^(2) produces a voltage of 0.68 V and a current density of 19.5μA·cm^(-2) under simulated natural environment,and works continuously and stably under almost all-natural environments(humidity 10%–90%).The highly dispersed polyoxometalate nanoclusters can form microporous in polyoxometalate films to effectively absorb atmospheric humidity and spontaneously form distribution gradient of water,which is the structural basis of power generation.The continuous power generation may be maintained by the effective adsorption and utilization of H_(2)O,the huge electrostatic field of organic ammonium-polyoxoanion clusters,and the reasonably designed polyoxometalates containing inorganic small ions with high mobility.It is the first humidity generator designed with polyoxometalates,which may provide a new research direction for polyoxometalates in sustainable utilization of low-value energy.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 61890921, 61890923, and 52372371)the key projects of Aero Engine and Gas Turbine Basic Science Center (No. P2022-B-V-001-001 and P2022B-V-002-001)。
文摘Fault diagnosis plays a significant role in conducting condition-based maintenance and health management for gas turbines(GTs) to improve reliability and reduce costs. Various diagnosis methods developed by modeling engine systems or certain components implement faults detection and diagnosis based on the measurement of systemic parameters deviations. However, these conventional model-based methods are hindered by limitations of inability to handle the nonlinear nature, measurement uncertainty, fault coupling and other implementing problems. Recently, the development of artificial intelligence algorithms has provided an effective solution to the above problems, triggering broad researches for data-driven fault diagnosis methods with better accuracy,dynamic performance, and universality. This paper presents a systematic review of recently proposed intelligent fault diagnosis methods for GT engines, according to the classification of shallow learning methods, deep learning methods and hybrid intelligent methods. Moreover, the principle of typical algorithms, the evolution of enhanced methods, and the assessment of pros and cons are summarized to conclude the present status and look forward to the future in the field of GT fault diagnosis. Possible directions for development in method validation, information fusion, and interpretability of intelligent diagnosis methods are concluded in the end to provide insightful concepts for scholars in related fields.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41971050 and 42207271)the Provincial Natural Science Foundation of Fujian,China(No.2022J05036)the Open Project Program of the State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry,Institute of Atmospheric Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.LAPC-KF-2022-08)。
文摘Soil phosphorus (P) plays a vital role in both ecological and agricultural ecosystems, where total P (TP) in soil serves as a crucial indicator of soil fertility and quality. Most of the studies covered in the literature employ a single or narrow range of soil databases, which largely overlooks the impact of utilizing multiple mapping scales in estimating soil TP, especially in hilly topographies. In this study, Fujian Province, a subtropical hilly region along China’s southeast coast covered by a complex topographic environment, was taken as a case study. The influence of the mapping scale on soil TP storage (TPS)estimation was analyzed using six digital soil databases that were derived from 3 082 unique soil profiles at different mapping scales, i.e., 1:50 000 (S5),1:200 000 (S20), 1:500 000 (S50), 1:1 000 000 (S100), 1:4 000 000 (S400), and 1:10 000 000 (S1000). The regional TPS in the surface soil (0–20 cm) based on the S5, S20, S50, S100, S400, and S1000 soil maps was 20.72, 22.17, 23.06, 23.05, 22.04, and 23.48 Tg, respectively, and the corresponding TPS at0–100 cm soil depth was 80.98, 80.71, 85.00, 84.03, 82.96, and 86.72 Tg, respectively. By comparing soil TPS in the S20 to S1000 maps to that in the S5map, the relative deviations were 6.37%–13.32%for 0–20 cm and 0.33%–7.09%for 0–100 cm. Moreover, since the S20 map had the lowest relative deviation among different mapping scales as compared to S5, it could provide additional soil information and a richer soil environment than other smaller mapping scales. Our results also revealed that many uncertainties in soil TPS estimation originated from the lack of detailed soil information, i.e., representation and spatial variations among different soil types. From the time and labor perspectives, our work provides useful guidelines to identify the appropriate mapping scale for estimating regional soil TPS in areas like Fujian Province in subtropical China or other places with similar complex topographies. Moreover, it is of tremendous importance to accurately estimate soil TPS to ensure ecosystem stability and sustainable agricultural development, especially for regional decision-making and management of phosphate fertilizer application amounts.
基金financially supported by Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.822CXTD514)Hainan Province Science and Technology Special Found(No.ZDYF2022SHFZ123)。
文摘Compared with other types of breast cancer,triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC)has the characteristics of a high degree of malignancy and poor prognosis.Early diagnosis of TNBC through biological markers and timely development of effective treatment methods can reduce its mortality.Many Research experiments have confirmed that some specific mi RNA expression profiles in TNBC can used as markers for early diagnosis.However,detecting the expression profiles of multiple groups of miRNAs according to traditional detection methods is complicated and consumes many samples.To address this issue,we developed a method for high-throughput,high-sensitivity quantitative detection of multiple sets of miRNAs(including mi R-16,mi R-21,mi R-92,mi R-199,and mi R-342)specifically expressed in TNBC by rolling circle amplification(RCA)on fluorescence-encoded microspheres.Through the optimization of reaction system conditions,the developed method showed an extensive linear dynamic range and high sensitivity for all five miRNAs with the lowest limit of detection of 2 fmol/L.Meanwhile,this high-throughput detection method also appeared reasonable specificity.Only in the presence of a specific target miRNA,the fluorescence signal on the correspondingly encoded microspheres is significantly increased,while the fluorescence signal on other non-correspondingly encoded microspheres is almost negligible.Furthermore,this process exhibited good recovery and reproducibility in serum.The advantages of this method allow us to more conveniently obtain the expression profiles of multiple groups of TNBC-associated mi RNAs,which is beneficial for the early detection of TNBC.