A 2-km resolution simulation using the Weather Research and Forecasting model with Morrison microphysics was employed to investigate the rainwater microphysical properties during different stages of Typhoon Usagi(2013...A 2-km resolution simulation using the Weather Research and Forecasting model with Morrison microphysics was employed to investigate the rainwater microphysical properties during different stages of Typhoon Usagi(2013) in the inner-core and outer region. The model reproduced the track, intensity, and overall structure of Usagi(2013) reasonably. The simulated raindrop size distribution showed a rapid increase in small-size raindrop concentration but an oscillated decrease in large-size ones in the inner-core region, corresponding well with the upward motion. It was found that there existed two levels(1.25 and 5.25 km) of maximum number concentration of raindrops. The ice-related microphysics at high levels was stronger than the warm-rain processes at low levels. The larger raindrops formed by self-collection in the inner-core suffered from significant breakup, but the raindrops outside the eyewall did not experience evident breakup. Model results indicated that the dominant terms in the water vapor budget were the horizontal moisture flux convergence(HFC) and local condensation and deposition. The evaporation from the ocean surface(PBL) was ~10% of the HFC in the inner core, but up to 40% in the outer region as the air therein was far from saturation. Furthermore, water vapor in the outer region was obtained equally through evaporation from the cloud and inward transportation from the environment. An earlier start of cloud microphysical processes in the inner-core region was evident during the intensification stage, and the continuous decreasing of condensation in both the inner-core and outer regions might imply the beginning of the storm weakening.展开更多
BACKGROUND In recent years,the cosmetic intervention related infections caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria(NTM)are increasing as the informal cosmetic treatments are performed.However,many dermatologists are inexpe...BACKGROUND In recent years,the cosmetic intervention related infections caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria(NTM)are increasing as the informal cosmetic treatments are performed.However,many dermatologists are inexperienced in the diagnosis and management of similar cases.Here we report a case of subcutaneous infection caused by Mycobacterium abscessus(M.abscessus)following cosmetic injections of botulinum toxin.CASE SUMMARY A 53-year-old woman presented with multiple abscesses and nodules on her forehead and both temporal sites for half a month after cosmetic injections of botulinum toxin.Her lesions did not show any alleviation after 2-wk prescription of antibiotics.Laboratory examinations indicated that she had no sign of immunodeficiency and the whole body of computed tomography did not find any systemic infection or diseases.The pathology of skin tissue showed inflammatory cell infiltration with the negative results of Periodic acid Schiff(PAS)and Acidfast staining and the culture yielded no microbiome.Afterwards,the puncture on abscess was performed and M.abscessus was successfully isolated.The pathogen was identified by acid-fast staining and DNA sequencing.The patient was treated with the strategy of clarithromycin,ofloxacin,and amikacin according to the result of drug sensitivity test and got complete remission of the lesions.CONCLUSION The case presents the whole process of diagnosis and management of NTM infection after cosmetic intervention and highlights the diagnostic thoughts.In a word,the mycobacterium infection should be aware in patients after cosmetic performance.展开更多
Effects of algae Nitzschia hantzschiana, Fe（Ⅲ） ions, humic acid, and pH on the photochemical reduction of Hg（Ⅱ） using the irradiation of metal halide lamps （λ〉 365 nm, 250 W） were investigated. The photoredu...Effects of algae Nitzschia hantzschiana, Fe（Ⅲ） ions, humic acid, and pH on the photochemical reduction of Hg（Ⅱ） using the irradiation of metal halide lamps （λ〉 365 nm, 250 W） were investigated. The photoreduction rate of Hg（Ⅱ） was found to increase with increasing concentrations of algae, Fe（Ⅲ） ions, and humic acid. Alteration of pH value affected the photoreduction of Hg（Ⅱ） in aqueous solution with or without algae. The photoreduction rate of Hg（Ⅱ） decreased with increasing initial Hg（Ⅱ） concentration in aqueous solution in the presence of algae. The photochemical kinetics of initial Hg（Ⅱ） and algae concentrations on the photoreduction of Hg（Ⅱ） were studied at pH 7.0. The study on the total Hg mass balance in terms of photochemical process revealed that more than 42% of Hg（Ⅱ） from the algal suspension was reduced to volatile metallic Hg under the conditions investigated.展开更多
The vertical-vertical noise cross-correlation functions(NCFs)between two seismic arrays,the Japan F-net and Chin Array phase Ⅱ,are calculated using continuous recordings during 2013-2016.After array interferometry to...The vertical-vertical noise cross-correlation functions(NCFs)between two seismic arrays,the Japan F-net and Chin Array phase Ⅱ,are calculated using continuous recordings during 2013-2016.After array interferometry to obtain bin stacked NCFs,clear body waves are retrieved at different period bands.Teleseismic direct P waves for distance 15-40 degrees are observed between short period 3-10 s while core reflected PcP/ScS waves are more obvious for longer period 30-60 s.The signal-to-noise-ratio(SNR)of the short period P waves reaches its highest point with bin widths around 20 km while SNRs of PcP and ScS increase slowly with bin width.All those body waves demonstrate clear directivity with strong signals traveling from the east.The time-lapse SNR variations for the PcP and ScS show correlation with the occurrence of major earthquakes,while the P-wave SNR demonstrates seasonal variations with additional contribution from major earthquakes.The present results suggest teleseismic body waves can be retrieved through bin stacking,though further processing is still necessary to obtain finer waveforms such as P wave triplications.展开更多
Objective： To construct the point mutation plasmids expressing HCV NS3/4A with different secondary structures at the N-terminus, and to analyze their serine protease activities. Methods： The point mutation plasmid c...Objective： To construct the point mutation plasmids expressing HCV NS3/4A with different secondary structures at the N-terminus, and to analyze their serine protease activities. Methods： The point mutation plasmid constructs were generated by using the QuickChange site-directed mutagenesis kit with the backbone of M-H05-5 （AI-1）, and were named as subgroup A1-2, A2-1, A2-2, BI-1, B1-2, B2-1, and B2-2 respectively. The transient expression of the constructs was investigated by immunofluorescence assay and Western blot analysis. The difference in in cis and in trans NS3 serine protease activity between each subgroup was determined by Western blot analysis. Luciferase reporter assay was used to observe the inhibitory effects of the constructs on RIG-I induced IFN-β promoter activity and on p53-dependent transcriptional activation. Results： The point mutation plasmid constructs were verified for the correct sequence by DNA sequencing. The immunofluorescence assay revealed 4 subcellular localization patterns of NS3, including dot-like staining, diffuse staining, doughnut-like staining, and rod-shape staining. Western blot analysis indicated that the incomplete cleavage of NS3/4A appeared in subgroups A2-1 and B2-1, indicating that the in cis NS3 serine protease activities of subgroup A2-1 and B2-1 were weaker when compared with the other subgroups. By using NS5A/SBAC as a substrate for NS3/4A serine protease, it was also found that the in trans NS3 serine protease activities of subgroup A2-1 and B2-1 were also weaker compared the other subgroups. Differences in inhibitory effects of HCV NS3 on RIG-I induced IFN-β promoter activity and on p53-dependent transcriptional activation were also observed between subgroup A2-1, B2-1 and the other subgroups. Conclusion： The results suggest that subgroup A2-1 and B2-1 has weaker serine protease activities and weaker inhibitory activities on host cell functions than the other subgroups, which might be explained by the different secondary structure of the 120-aa sequence at N-terminus of NS3.展开更多
Progranulin(PGRN)is a multifunctional growth factor involved in many physiolog-ical processes and disease states.The apparent protective role of PGRN and the importance of chondrocyte autophagic function in the progre...Progranulin(PGRN)is a multifunctional growth factor involved in many physiolog-ical processes and disease states.The apparent protective role of PGRN and the importance of chondrocyte autophagic function in the progression of osteoarthritis(OA)led us to investi-gate the role of PGRN in the regulation of chondrocyte autophagy.PGRN knockout chondro-cytes exhibited a deficient autophagic response with limited induction following rapamycin,serum starvation,and IL-1b-induced autophagy.PGRN-mediated anabolism and suppression of IL-1b-induced catabolism were largely abrogated in the presence of the BafA1 autophagy inhibitor.Mechanistically,during the process of OA,PGRN and the ATG5eATG12 conjugate form a protein complex;PGRN regulates autophagy in chondrocytes and OA through,at least partially,the interactions between PGRN and the ATG5eATG12 conjugate.Furthermore,the ATG5eATG12 conjugate is critical for cell proliferation and apoptosis.Knockdown or knockout of ATG5 reduces the expression of ATG5eATG12 conjugate and inhibits the chondroprotective effect of PGRN on anabolism and catabolism.Overexpression of PGRN partially reversed this effect.In brief,the PGRN-mediated regulation of chondrocyte autophagy plays a key role in the chondroprotective role of PGRN in OA.Such studies provide new insights into the pathogen-esis of OA and PGRN-associated autophagy in chondrocyte homeostasis.展开更多
Light emitting diode (LED-UV)/chlorine disinfection can replace UV/chlorine disinfection in wastewater treatment plants and water supply plants. Halonitromethanes (HNMs) are a class of novel nitrogenous disinfection b...Light emitting diode (LED-UV)/chlorine disinfection can replace UV/chlorine disinfection in wastewater treatment plants and water supply plants. Halonitromethanes (HNMs) are a class of novel nitrogenous disinfection by-products, which are characterized by higher cytotoxicity and genotoxicity than regulated disinfection by-products. Herein, the impact factors and pathways of HNMs formation from aspartic acid (ASP) were investigated during LED-UV_(265)/chlorine disinfection. The results showed that three types of chlorinated-HNMs (Cl-HNMs) were found during LED-UV265/chlorine disinfection, and their concentrations increased first and then declined as the reaction progressed. Cl-HNMs yields increased with increasing LED-UV_(265) intensity, free chlorine dosage, and ASP concentration, which declined with increasing pH (6.0–8.0). Meantime, the important impact of the coexisting ions contained in water matrices on HNMs formation from ASP was observed during LED-UV_(265)/chlorine disinfection. It was found that copper ions (Cu^(2+)) promoted Cl-HNMs formation. Furthermore, when bromide (Br–) appeared during LED-UV265/chlorine disinfection, nine types of HNMs were detected simultaneously. Moreover, Br– not only converted Cl-HNMs toward brominated (chlorinated)-HNMs and brominated-HNMs but also showed a marked effect on HNMs concentrations and species. Subsequently, the possible pathways of HNMs formation from ASP were proposed during LED-UV_(265)/chlorine disinfection. At last, it was proved that the formation trends of HNMs obtained in the real waters were similar to those in simulated waters. This work elaborated on the influence factors and pathways of HNMs formation, which is conducive to controlling the HNMs produced during LED-UV_(265)/chlorine disinfection.展开更多
With the increasing demand for flexible piezoelectric sensor components,research on polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF)based piezoelectric polymers is mounting up.However,the low dipole polarization and disordered polarizat...With the increasing demand for flexible piezoelectric sensor components,research on polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF)based piezoelectric polymers is mounting up.However,the low dipole polarization and disordered polarization direction presented in PVDF hinder further improvement of piezoelectric properties.Here,we constructed an oriented tertiary structure,consisting of molecular chains,crystalline region,and MXene sheets,in MXene/PVDF nanocomposite via a temperature-pressure dual-field regulation method.The highly oriented PVDF molecular chains form approximately 90%of theβphase.In addition,the crystalline region structure with long-range orientation achieves out of plane polarization orientation.The parallel orientation arrangement of MXene effectively enhances the piezoelectric performances of the nanocomposite,and the current output of the device increases by nearly 23 times.This high output device is used to monitor exercise action,exploring the potential applications in wearable electronics.展开更多
基金sponsored by the National (Key) Basic Research and Development (973) Program of China under Contract No. 2015CB452805the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 41775131, 91437101 and 41375068a Jiangsu Postgraduate Research and Innovation Program project (KYCX17 0868)
文摘A 2-km resolution simulation using the Weather Research and Forecasting model with Morrison microphysics was employed to investigate the rainwater microphysical properties during different stages of Typhoon Usagi(2013) in the inner-core and outer region. The model reproduced the track, intensity, and overall structure of Usagi(2013) reasonably. The simulated raindrop size distribution showed a rapid increase in small-size raindrop concentration but an oscillated decrease in large-size ones in the inner-core region, corresponding well with the upward motion. It was found that there existed two levels(1.25 and 5.25 km) of maximum number concentration of raindrops. The ice-related microphysics at high levels was stronger than the warm-rain processes at low levels. The larger raindrops formed by self-collection in the inner-core suffered from significant breakup, but the raindrops outside the eyewall did not experience evident breakup. Model results indicated that the dominant terms in the water vapor budget were the horizontal moisture flux convergence(HFC) and local condensation and deposition. The evaporation from the ocean surface(PBL) was ~10% of the HFC in the inner core, but up to 40% in the outer region as the air therein was far from saturation. Furthermore, water vapor in the outer region was obtained equally through evaporation from the cloud and inward transportation from the environment. An earlier start of cloud microphysical processes in the inner-core region was evident during the intensification stage, and the continuous decreasing of condensation in both the inner-core and outer regions might imply the beginning of the storm weakening.
文摘BACKGROUND In recent years,the cosmetic intervention related infections caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria(NTM)are increasing as the informal cosmetic treatments are performed.However,many dermatologists are inexperienced in the diagnosis and management of similar cases.Here we report a case of subcutaneous infection caused by Mycobacterium abscessus(M.abscessus)following cosmetic injections of botulinum toxin.CASE SUMMARY A 53-year-old woman presented with multiple abscesses and nodules on her forehead and both temporal sites for half a month after cosmetic injections of botulinum toxin.Her lesions did not show any alleviation after 2-wk prescription of antibiotics.Laboratory examinations indicated that she had no sign of immunodeficiency and the whole body of computed tomography did not find any systemic infection or diseases.The pathology of skin tissue showed inflammatory cell infiltration with the negative results of Periodic acid Schiff(PAS)and Acidfast staining and the culture yielded no microbiome.Afterwards,the puncture on abscess was performed and M.abscessus was successfully isolated.The pathogen was identified by acid-fast staining and DNA sequencing.The patient was treated with the strategy of clarithromycin,ofloxacin,and amikacin according to the result of drug sensitivity test and got complete remission of the lesions.CONCLUSION The case presents the whole process of diagnosis and management of NTM infection after cosmetic intervention and highlights the diagnostic thoughts.In a word,the mycobacterium infection should be aware in patients after cosmetic performance.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.20477031)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR)Cooperation Project (2004-2005)
文摘Effects of algae Nitzschia hantzschiana, Fe（Ⅲ） ions, humic acid, and pH on the photochemical reduction of Hg（Ⅱ） using the irradiation of metal halide lamps （λ〉 365 nm, 250 W） were investigated. The photoreduction rate of Hg（Ⅱ） was found to increase with increasing concentrations of algae, Fe（Ⅲ） ions, and humic acid. Alteration of pH value affected the photoreduction of Hg（Ⅱ） in aqueous solution with or without algae. The photoreduction rate of Hg（Ⅱ） decreased with increasing initial Hg（Ⅱ） concentration in aqueous solution in the presence of algae. The photochemical kinetics of initial Hg（Ⅱ） and algae concentrations on the photoreduction of Hg（Ⅱ） were studied at pH 7.0. The study on the total Hg mass balance in terms of photochemical process revealed that more than 42% of Hg（Ⅱ） from the algal suspension was reduced to volatile metallic Hg under the conditions investigated.
基金sponsored by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2018YFC1503200)National Science Foundation of China(No.42004046)。
文摘The vertical-vertical noise cross-correlation functions(NCFs)between two seismic arrays,the Japan F-net and Chin Array phase Ⅱ,are calculated using continuous recordings during 2013-2016.After array interferometry to obtain bin stacked NCFs,clear body waves are retrieved at different period bands.Teleseismic direct P waves for distance 15-40 degrees are observed between short period 3-10 s while core reflected PcP/ScS waves are more obvious for longer period 30-60 s.The signal-to-noise-ratio(SNR)of the short period P waves reaches its highest point with bin widths around 20 km while SNRs of PcP and ScS increase slowly with bin width.All those body waves demonstrate clear directivity with strong signals traveling from the east.The time-lapse SNR variations for the PcP and ScS show correlation with the occurrence of major earthquakes,while the P-wave SNR demonstrates seasonal variations with additional contribution from major earthquakes.The present results suggest teleseismic body waves can be retrieved through bin stacking,though further processing is still necessary to obtain finer waveforms such as P wave triplications.
基金supported by Japan China Sasakawa Medical Fellowship(2006-2007)
文摘Objective： To construct the point mutation plasmids expressing HCV NS3/4A with different secondary structures at the N-terminus, and to analyze their serine protease activities. Methods： The point mutation plasmid constructs were generated by using the QuickChange site-directed mutagenesis kit with the backbone of M-H05-5 （AI-1）, and were named as subgroup A1-2, A2-1, A2-2, BI-1, B1-2, B2-1, and B2-2 respectively. The transient expression of the constructs was investigated by immunofluorescence assay and Western blot analysis. The difference in in cis and in trans NS3 serine protease activity between each subgroup was determined by Western blot analysis. Luciferase reporter assay was used to observe the inhibitory effects of the constructs on RIG-I induced IFN-β promoter activity and on p53-dependent transcriptional activation. Results： The point mutation plasmid constructs were verified for the correct sequence by DNA sequencing. The immunofluorescence assay revealed 4 subcellular localization patterns of NS3, including dot-like staining, diffuse staining, doughnut-like staining, and rod-shape staining. Western blot analysis indicated that the incomplete cleavage of NS3/4A appeared in subgroups A2-1 and B2-1, indicating that the in cis NS3 serine protease activities of subgroup A2-1 and B2-1 were weaker when compared with the other subgroups. By using NS5A/SBAC as a substrate for NS3/4A serine protease, it was also found that the in trans NS3 serine protease activities of subgroup A2-1 and B2-1 were also weaker compared the other subgroups. Differences in inhibitory effects of HCV NS3 on RIG-I induced IFN-β promoter activity and on p53-dependent transcriptional activation were also observed between subgroup A2-1, B2-1 and the other subgroups. Conclusion： The results suggest that subgroup A2-1 and B2-1 has weaker serine protease activities and weaker inhibitory activities on host cell functions than the other subgroups, which might be explained by the different secondary structure of the 120-aa sequence at N-terminus of NS3.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81672209)Chongqing Science and Technology Bureau(No.cstc2020jcyj-msxmX0175),ChinaChongqing Human Resources and Social Security Bureau(No.2018-389),China.
文摘Progranulin(PGRN)is a multifunctional growth factor involved in many physiolog-ical processes and disease states.The apparent protective role of PGRN and the importance of chondrocyte autophagic function in the progression of osteoarthritis(OA)led us to investi-gate the role of PGRN in the regulation of chondrocyte autophagy.PGRN knockout chondro-cytes exhibited a deficient autophagic response with limited induction following rapamycin,serum starvation,and IL-1b-induced autophagy.PGRN-mediated anabolism and suppression of IL-1b-induced catabolism were largely abrogated in the presence of the BafA1 autophagy inhibitor.Mechanistically,during the process of OA,PGRN and the ATG5eATG12 conjugate form a protein complex;PGRN regulates autophagy in chondrocytes and OA through,at least partially,the interactions between PGRN and the ATG5eATG12 conjugate.Furthermore,the ATG5eATG12 conjugate is critical for cell proliferation and apoptosis.Knockdown or knockout of ATG5 reduces the expression of ATG5eATG12 conjugate and inhibits the chondroprotective effect of PGRN on anabolism and catabolism.Overexpression of PGRN partially reversed this effect.In brief,the PGRN-mediated regulation of chondrocyte autophagy plays a key role in the chondroprotective role of PGRN in OA.Such studies provide new insights into the pathogen-esis of OA and PGRN-associated autophagy in chondrocyte homeostasis.
基金funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22076023 and 21677032)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(China)(Nos.2242022k30030 and 2242022k30031).
文摘Light emitting diode (LED-UV)/chlorine disinfection can replace UV/chlorine disinfection in wastewater treatment plants and water supply plants. Halonitromethanes (HNMs) are a class of novel nitrogenous disinfection by-products, which are characterized by higher cytotoxicity and genotoxicity than regulated disinfection by-products. Herein, the impact factors and pathways of HNMs formation from aspartic acid (ASP) were investigated during LED-UV_(265)/chlorine disinfection. The results showed that three types of chlorinated-HNMs (Cl-HNMs) were found during LED-UV265/chlorine disinfection, and their concentrations increased first and then declined as the reaction progressed. Cl-HNMs yields increased with increasing LED-UV_(265) intensity, free chlorine dosage, and ASP concentration, which declined with increasing pH (6.0–8.0). Meantime, the important impact of the coexisting ions contained in water matrices on HNMs formation from ASP was observed during LED-UV_(265)/chlorine disinfection. It was found that copper ions (Cu^(2+)) promoted Cl-HNMs formation. Furthermore, when bromide (Br–) appeared during LED-UV265/chlorine disinfection, nine types of HNMs were detected simultaneously. Moreover, Br– not only converted Cl-HNMs toward brominated (chlorinated)-HNMs and brominated-HNMs but also showed a marked effect on HNMs concentrations and species. Subsequently, the possible pathways of HNMs formation from ASP were proposed during LED-UV_(265)/chlorine disinfection. At last, it was proved that the formation trends of HNMs obtained in the real waters were similar to those in simulated waters. This work elaborated on the influence factors and pathways of HNMs formation, which is conducive to controlling the HNMs produced during LED-UV_(265)/chlorine disinfection.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52303328)the Postdoctoral Innovation Talents Support Program(No.BX20220257)+2 种基金the Multiple Clean Energy Harvesting System(No.YYF20223026)the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(No.2023NSFSC0313)a Catalyst Seeding General Grant administered by the Royal Society of New Zealand(Contract 20-UOA-035-CSG)。
文摘With the increasing demand for flexible piezoelectric sensor components,research on polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF)based piezoelectric polymers is mounting up.However,the low dipole polarization and disordered polarization direction presented in PVDF hinder further improvement of piezoelectric properties.Here,we constructed an oriented tertiary structure,consisting of molecular chains,crystalline region,and MXene sheets,in MXene/PVDF nanocomposite via a temperature-pressure dual-field regulation method.The highly oriented PVDF molecular chains form approximately 90%of theβphase.In addition,the crystalline region structure with long-range orientation achieves out of plane polarization orientation.The parallel orientation arrangement of MXene effectively enhances the piezoelectric performances of the nanocomposite,and the current output of the device increases by nearly 23 times.This high output device is used to monitor exercise action,exploring the potential applications in wearable electronics.
