BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer(CRC)ranks among the most prevalent malignant tumors globally.Recent reports suggest that Fusobacterium nucleatum(F.nucleatum)contributes to the initiation,progression,and prognosis of CRC....BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer(CRC)ranks among the most prevalent malignant tumors globally.Recent reports suggest that Fusobacterium nucleatum(F.nucleatum)contributes to the initiation,progression,and prognosis of CRC.Butyrate,a short-chain fatty acid derived from the bacterial fermentation of soluble dietary fiber,is known to inhibit various cancers.This study is designed to explore whether F.nucleatum influences the onset and progression of CRC by impacting the intestinal metabolite butyric acid.AIM To investigate the mechanism by which F.nucleatum affects CRC occurrence and development.METHODS Alterations in the gut microbiota of BALB/c mice were observed following the oral administration of F.nucleatum.Additionally,DLD-1 and HCT116 cell lines were exposed to sodium butyrate(NaB)and F.nucleatum in vitro to examine the effects on proliferative proteins and mitochondrial function.RESULTS Our research indicates that the prevalence of F.nucleatum in fecal samples from CRC patients is significantly greater than in healthy counterparts,while the prevalence of butyrate-producing bacteria is notably lower.In mice colonized with F.nucleatum,the population of butyrate-producing bacteria decreased,resulting in altered levels of butyric acid,a key intestinal metabolite of butyrate.Exposure to NaB can impair mitochondrial morphology and diminish mitochondrial membrane potential in DLD-1 and HCT116 CRC cells.Consequently,this leads to modulated production of adenosine triphosphate and reactive oxygen species,thereby inhibiting cancer cell prolif-eration.Additionally,NaB triggers the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase(AMPK)signaling pathway,blocks the cell cycle in HCT116 and DLD-1 cells,and curtails the proliferation of CRC cells.The combined presence of F.nucleatum and NaB attenuated the effects of the latter.By employing small interfering RNA to suppress AMPK,it was demonstrated that AMPK is essential for NaB’s inhibition of CRC cell proliferation.CONCLUSION F.nucleatum can promote cancer progression through its inhibitory effect on butyric acid,via the AMPK signaling pathway.展开更多
The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)-CRISPRassociated(Cas)proteins constitute the innate adaptive immune system in several bacteria and archaea.This immune system helps them in resisti...The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)-CRISPRassociated(Cas)proteins constitute the innate adaptive immune system in several bacteria and archaea.This immune system helps them in resisting the invasion of phages and foreign DNA by providing sequence-specific acquired immunity.Owing to the numerous advantages such as ease of use,low cost,high efficiency,good accuracy,and a diverse range of applications,the CRISPR-Cas system has become the most widely used genome editing technology.Hence,the advent of the CRISPR/Cas technology highlights a tremendous potential in clinical diagnosis and could become a powerful asset for modern medicine.This study reviews the recently reported application platforms for screening,diagnosis,and treatment of different diseases based on CRISPR/Cas systems.The limitations,current challenges,and future prospectus are summarized;this article would be a valuable reference for future genome-editing practices.展开更多
This study evaluated the release characteristics of mercury from bituminous coal in chemical looping combustion(CLC)using Australian iron ore as the oxygen carrier in a fixed bed reactor.The effects of several paramet...This study evaluated the release characteristics of mercury from bituminous coal in chemical looping combustion(CLC)using Australian iron ore as the oxygen carrier in a fixed bed reactor.The effects of several parameters,such as temperature in the fuel reactor(FR)and air reactor(AR),gasification medium in the FR,and reaction atmosphere in the AR,on mercury release characteristics,were investigated.The mercury speciation and release amount in the FR and AR under different conditions were further explored.The results indicate that most of the mercury in coal was released in the FR,while the rest of it was released in the AR.Hg0 was found to be the major species in the released mercury.The results also indicate that a higher temperature in the FR led to an increase in the total mercury release amount and a decrease in Hg0 proportion.However,a higher temperature in the AR resulted in a decrease in the total mercury release amount and Hg 0 proportion.The increase in the H2O/CO2 ratio of gasification mediums in the FR was beneficial for the increase in the total mercury release amount and Hg 0 proportion.A higher O2 concentration in reaction atmosphere in AR had a negligible effect on the total mercury release amount,but a positive effect on Hg0 oxidization.展开更多
Quantum process tomography is often used to completely characterize an unknown quantum process.However, it may lead to an unphysical process matrix, which will cause the loss of information with respect to the tomogra...Quantum process tomography is often used to completely characterize an unknown quantum process.However, it may lead to an unphysical process matrix, which will cause the loss of information with respect to the tomography result. Convex optimization, widely used in machine learning, is able to generate a global optimum that best fits the raw data while keeping the process tomography in a legitimate region. Only by correctly revealing the original action of the process can we seek deeper into its properties like its phase transition and its Hamiltonian. Here, we reconstruct the seawater channel using convex optimization and further test it on the seven fundamental gates. We compare our method to the standard-inversion and norm-optimization approaches using the cost function value and our proposed state deviation. The advantages convince that our method enables a more precise and robust estimation of the elements of the process matrix with less demands on preliminary resources. In addition, we examine on a set of non-unitary channels and the reconstructions reach up to 99:5% accuracy. Our method offers a more universal tool for further analyses on the components of the quantum channels and we believe that the crossover between quantum process tomography and convex optimization may help us move forward to machine learning of quantum channels.展开更多
In 1986,Burkhoff and Sagawa[1]observed that left ventricular pressure decreased linearly as the QRS duration(QRSd)increased in a pacing experiment.Subsequently,it became recognized that either left bundle branch block...In 1986,Burkhoff and Sagawa[1]observed that left ventricular pressure decreased linearly as the QRS duration(QRSd)increased in a pacing experiment.Subsequently,it became recognized that either left bundle branch block(LBBB)or right ventricular pacing could result in prolonged QRSd,with potential deleterious effects on cardiac function and increased risk of atrial fibrillation(AF),heart failure,and mortality.[2]Although previous clinical trials have demonstrated that patients with LBBB and heart failure could benefit from biventricular pacing(ie,biventricular cardiac resynchronization therapy[BiV-CRT]),30%to 40%of such patients do not respond to BiV-CRT and approximately an additional 10%of patients remain untreated owing to an unsuitable coronary sinus vein.With the development of appropriate implant tools,His bundle pacing(HBP)has become increasingly important to enhance pacing as an adjunctive therapy in heart failure treatment.Various studies have demonstrated that CRT utilizing HBP(His-CRT)may be valuable in patients with no response or failure to place a BiV-CRT.However,HBP has higher pacing threshold and lower R-wave amplitude shortcomings and cannot correct LBBB in patients with distal conduction system disease.展开更多
A continuous-flow synthesis of nitriles by Schmidt reaction has been developed.Using this procedure,a variety of aldehydes could be smoothly transformed into the desired nitriles in good to excellent yields.The mild r...A continuous-flow synthesis of nitriles by Schmidt reaction has been developed.Using this procedure,a variety of aldehydes could be smoothly transformed into the desired nitriles in good to excellent yields.The mild reaction conditions and the flowing reaction system greatly improved the safety and make the reaction easy to scale up.展开更多
基金Supported by the Key Discipline of Zhejiang Province in Medical Technology(First Class,Category A)and the Health Project of the Science and Technology Department of Wenzhou,No.Y20220029.
文摘BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer(CRC)ranks among the most prevalent malignant tumors globally.Recent reports suggest that Fusobacterium nucleatum(F.nucleatum)contributes to the initiation,progression,and prognosis of CRC.Butyrate,a short-chain fatty acid derived from the bacterial fermentation of soluble dietary fiber,is known to inhibit various cancers.This study is designed to explore whether F.nucleatum influences the onset and progression of CRC by impacting the intestinal metabolite butyric acid.AIM To investigate the mechanism by which F.nucleatum affects CRC occurrence and development.METHODS Alterations in the gut microbiota of BALB/c mice were observed following the oral administration of F.nucleatum.Additionally,DLD-1 and HCT116 cell lines were exposed to sodium butyrate(NaB)and F.nucleatum in vitro to examine the effects on proliferative proteins and mitochondrial function.RESULTS Our research indicates that the prevalence of F.nucleatum in fecal samples from CRC patients is significantly greater than in healthy counterparts,while the prevalence of butyrate-producing bacteria is notably lower.In mice colonized with F.nucleatum,the population of butyrate-producing bacteria decreased,resulting in altered levels of butyric acid,a key intestinal metabolite of butyrate.Exposure to NaB can impair mitochondrial morphology and diminish mitochondrial membrane potential in DLD-1 and HCT116 CRC cells.Consequently,this leads to modulated production of adenosine triphosphate and reactive oxygen species,thereby inhibiting cancer cell prolif-eration.Additionally,NaB triggers the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase(AMPK)signaling pathway,blocks the cell cycle in HCT116 and DLD-1 cells,and curtails the proliferation of CRC cells.The combined presence of F.nucleatum and NaB attenuated the effects of the latter.By employing small interfering RNA to suppress AMPK,it was demonstrated that AMPK is essential for NaB’s inhibition of CRC cell proliferation.CONCLUSION F.nucleatum can promote cancer progression through its inhibitory effect on butyric acid,via the AMPK signaling pathway.
基金Supported by the Shenzhen Science and Technology R&D Fund,No.JCYJ20190809095203586。
文摘The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)-CRISPRassociated(Cas)proteins constitute the innate adaptive immune system in several bacteria and archaea.This immune system helps them in resisting the invasion of phages and foreign DNA by providing sequence-specific acquired immunity.Owing to the numerous advantages such as ease of use,low cost,high efficiency,good accuracy,and a diverse range of applications,the CRISPR-Cas system has become the most widely used genome editing technology.Hence,the advent of the CRISPR/Cas technology highlights a tremendous potential in clinical diagnosis and could become a powerful asset for modern medicine.This study reviews the recently reported application platforms for screening,diagnosis,and treatment of different diseases based on CRISPR/Cas systems.The limitations,current challenges,and future prospectus are summarized;this article would be a valuable reference for future genome-editing practices.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51676101,51806107).
文摘This study evaluated the release characteristics of mercury from bituminous coal in chemical looping combustion(CLC)using Australian iron ore as the oxygen carrier in a fixed bed reactor.The effects of several parameters,such as temperature in the fuel reactor(FR)and air reactor(AR),gasification medium in the FR,and reaction atmosphere in the AR,on mercury release characteristics,were investigated.The mercury speciation and release amount in the FR and AR under different conditions were further explored.The results indicate that most of the mercury in coal was released in the FR,while the rest of it was released in the AR.Hg0 was found to be the major species in the released mercury.The results also indicate that a higher temperature in the FR led to an increase in the total mercury release amount and a decrease in Hg0 proportion.However,a higher temperature in the AR resulted in a decrease in the total mercury release amount and Hg 0 proportion.The increase in the H2O/CO2 ratio of gasification mediums in the FR was beneficial for the increase in the total mercury release amount and Hg 0 proportion.A higher O2 concentration in reaction atmosphere in AR had a negligible effect on the total mercury release amount,but a positive effect on Hg0 oxidization.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2019YFA0308700,2017YFA0303700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61734005,11761141014,and 11690033)+2 种基金the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(15QA1402200,16JC1400405,and 17JC1400403)the Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(16SG09 and 2017-01-07-00-02-E00049)additional support from a Shanghai Talent Program.
文摘Quantum process tomography is often used to completely characterize an unknown quantum process.However, it may lead to an unphysical process matrix, which will cause the loss of information with respect to the tomography result. Convex optimization, widely used in machine learning, is able to generate a global optimum that best fits the raw data while keeping the process tomography in a legitimate region. Only by correctly revealing the original action of the process can we seek deeper into its properties like its phase transition and its Hamiltonian. Here, we reconstruct the seawater channel using convex optimization and further test it on the seven fundamental gates. We compare our method to the standard-inversion and norm-optimization approaches using the cost function value and our proposed state deviation. The advantages convince that our method enables a more precise and robust estimation of the elements of the process matrix with less demands on preliminary resources. In addition, we examine on a set of non-unitary channels and the reconstructions reach up to 99:5% accuracy. Our method offers a more universal tool for further analyses on the components of the quantum channels and we believe that the crossover between quantum process tomography and convex optimization may help us move forward to machine learning of quantum channels.
文摘In 1986,Burkhoff and Sagawa[1]observed that left ventricular pressure decreased linearly as the QRS duration(QRSd)increased in a pacing experiment.Subsequently,it became recognized that either left bundle branch block(LBBB)or right ventricular pacing could result in prolonged QRSd,with potential deleterious effects on cardiac function and increased risk of atrial fibrillation(AF),heart failure,and mortality.[2]Although previous clinical trials have demonstrated that patients with LBBB and heart failure could benefit from biventricular pacing(ie,biventricular cardiac resynchronization therapy[BiV-CRT]),30%to 40%of such patients do not respond to BiV-CRT and approximately an additional 10%of patients remain untreated owing to an unsuitable coronary sinus vein.With the development of appropriate implant tools,His bundle pacing(HBP)has become increasingly important to enhance pacing as an adjunctive therapy in heart failure treatment.Various studies have demonstrated that CRT utilizing HBP(His-CRT)may be valuable in patients with no response or failure to place a BiV-CRT.However,HBP has higher pacing threshold and lower R-wave amplitude shortcomings and cannot correct LBBB in patients with distal conduction system disease.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21877005)for financial support
文摘A continuous-flow synthesis of nitriles by Schmidt reaction has been developed.Using this procedure,a variety of aldehydes could be smoothly transformed into the desired nitriles in good to excellent yields.The mild reaction conditions and the flowing reaction system greatly improved the safety and make the reaction easy to scale up.
