Potential of Arbidol for Post-exposure Prophylaxis of COVID-19 Transmission:A Preliminary Report of a Retrospective Cohort Study

The efficient transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome-2 coronavirus(SARS-CoV-2)from patients to health care workers or family members has been a worrisome and prominent feature of the ongoing outbreak.On the basis of clinical practice and in-vitro studies,we postulated that post-exposure prophylaxis(PEP)using Arbidol is associated with decreased infection among individuals exposed to confirmed cases of COVID-19 infection.We conducted a retrospective cohort study on family members and health care workers who were exposed to patients confirmed to have SARS-CoV-2 infection by real-time RT-PCR and chest computed tomography(CT)from January 1 to January 16,2020.The last follow-up date was Feb.26,2020.The emergence of fever and/or respiratory symptoms after exposure to the primary case was collected.The correlations between post-exposure prophylaxis and infection in household contacts and health care workers were respectively analyzed.A total of 66 members in 27 families and 124 health care workers had evidence of close exposure to patients with confirmed COVID-19.The Cox regression based on the data of the family members and health care workers with Arbidol or not showed that Arbidol PEP was a protective factor against the development of COVID-19(HR 0.025,95%CI 0.003-0.209,P=0.0006 for family members and HR 0.056,95%CI 0.005-0.662,P=0.0221 for health care workers).Our findings suggest Arbidol could reduce the infection risk of the novel coronavirus in hospital and family settings.This treatment should be promoted for PEP use and should be the subject of further investigation.

Antitumor effect of RNA interference on non-small- cell lung cancer in vivo

客观的肺癌症在世界上作为癌症死亡的一个领先的原因出现了。当前的治疗是无效的，这样新的途径被需要改进治疗学的比率。RNA 干扰(RNAi ) 在 vitro，在为 non-small-cell 的治疗开发新方法，肺癌症(NSCLC ) 需要进一步在 vivo 被测试其潜力在基因 silencing 显示出诺言。在这研究，化学上综合了指向表皮的生长因素受体(EGFR ) 的双 stranded RNA (dsRNA ) 是进 NSCLC 房间线 SPC-A1 房间的 transfected 并且证实肿瘤麻烦了裸体老鼠建模调查 dsRNA 是否能在 vivo 在 NSCLC 房间导致基因 silencing 的 athymic。方法 SPC-A1 是 transfected， EGFR 顺序特定的 dsRNA 与 Lipofectamine 2000 提出了。SPC-A1 房间(在 200 μL 的 10 7/mL) 是的 1 ×进老鼠的左胁腹区域的注射 s.c 麻烦了裸体老鼠建模的 athymic 建立肿瘤。由测量直径和肿瘤的重量计算肿瘤生长抑制率。Immunohistochemistry 和西方的污点被用来在 EGFR 蛋白质的生产监视减小。实时 RT-PCR 被用来检测 EGFR mRNA 水平的 silencing。EGFR 显著地定序特定的 dsRNA (dsRNA-EGFR ) ，这显示了的结果在 vivo 禁止了肿瘤生长。肿瘤生长抑制率是 75.03% 。dsRNA-EGFR 明确地与 EGFR 蛋白质生产的 53.6% 下面规定和 EGFR mRNA 的 32.3% silencing 定序 silenced EGFR 水平。结论 DsRNA-EGFR 显示出轰动效果在在 EGFR mRNA 的规定下面在 vivo 的肿瘤生长的水平和蛋白质生产，和抑制。

Acute cerebrovascular disease following COVID-19: a single center, retrospective, observational study

Background and purpose COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2).Apart from respiratory complications,acute cerebrovascular disease(CVD)has been observed in some patients with COVID-19.Therefore,we described the clinical characteristics,laboratory features,treatment and outcomes of CVD complicating SARS-CoV-2 infection.Materials and methods Demographic and clinical characteristics,laboratory findings,treatments and clinical outcomes were collected and analysed.Clinical characteristics and laboratory findings of patients with COVID-19 with or without new-onset CVD were compared.Results Of 219 patients with COVID-19,10(4.6%)developed acute ischaemic stroke and 1(0.5%)had intracerebral haemorrhage.COVID-19 with new onset of CVD were significantly older(75.7±10.8 years vs 52.1±15.3 years,p<0.001),more likely to present with severe COVID-19(81.8%vs 39.9%,p<0.01)and were more likely to have cardiovascular risk factors,including hypertension,diabetes and medical history of CVD(all p<0.05).In addition,they were more likely to have increased inflammatory response and hypercoagulable state as reflected in C reactive protein(51.1(1.3-127.9)vs 12.1(0.1-212.0)mg/L,p<0.05)and D-dimer(6.9(0.3-20.0)vs 0.5(0.1-20.0)mg/L,p<0.001).Of 10 patients with ischemic stroke;6 received antiplatelet treatment with aspirin or clopidogrel;and 3 of them died.The other four patients received anticoagulant treatment with enoxaparin and 2 of them died.As of 24 March 2020,six patients with CVD died(54.5%).Conclusion Acute CVD is not uncommon in COVID-19.Our findings suggest that older patients with risk factors are more likely to develop CVD.The development of CVD is an important negative prognostic factor which requires further study to identify optimal management strategy to combat the COVID-19 outbreak.

Consensus for prevention and management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) for neurologists

Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID‐19)has become a pandemic disease globally.Although COVID-19 directly invades lungs,it also involves the nervous system.Therefore,patients with nervous system involvement as the presenting symptoms in the early stage of infection may easily be misdiagnosed and their treatment delayed.They become silent contagious sources or‘virus spreaders’.In order to help neurologists to better understand the occurrence,development and prognosis,we have developed this consensus of prevention and management of COVID‐19.It can also assist other healthcare providers to be familiar with and recognise COVID-19 in their evaluation of patients in the clinic and hospital environment.

Clinical time course of COVID-19, its neurological manifestation and some thoughts on its management

Coronavirus disease-2019(COVID‐19)has become a global pandemic.COVID-19 runs its course in two phases,the initial incubation phase and later clinical symptomatic phase.Patients in the initial incubation phase often have insidious clinical symptoms,but they are still highly contagious.At the later clinical symptomatic phase,the immune system is fully activated and the disease may enter the severe infection stage in this phase.Although many patients are known for their respiratory symptoms,they had neurological symptoms in their first 1-2 days of clinical symptomatic phase,and ischaemic stroke occurred 2 weeks after the onset of the clinical symptomatic phase.The key is to prevent a patient from progressing to this severe infection from mild infection.We are sharing our experience on prevention and management of COVID-19.

HDL quality features revealed by proteome–lipidome connectivity are associated with atherosclerotic disease

Lipoprotein,especially high-density lipoprotein(HDL),particles are composed of multiple heterogeneous subgroups containing various proteins and lipids.The molecular distribution among these subgroups is closely related to cardiovascular disease(CVD).Here,we established high-resolution proteomics and lipidomics(HiPL)methods to depict the molecular profiles across lipoprotein(Lipo-HiPL)and HDL(HDL-HiPL)subgroups by optimizing the resolution of anion-exchange chromatography and comprehensive quantification of proteins and lipids on the omics level.Furthermore,based on the Pearson correlation coefficient analysis of molecular profiles across high-resolution subgroups,we achieved the relationship of proteome–lipidome connectivity(PLC)for lipoprotein and HDL particles.By application of these methods to high-fat,high-cholesterol diet-fed rabbits and acute coronary syndrome(ACS)patients,we uncovered the delicate dynamics of the molecular profile and reconstruction of lipoprotein and HDL particles.Of note,the PLC features revealed by the HDL-HiPL method discriminated ACS from healthy individuals better than direct proteome and lipidome quantification or PLC features revealed by the Lipo-HiPL method,suggesting their potential in ACS diagnosis.Together,we established HiPL methods to trace the dynamics of the molecular profile and PLC of lipoprotein and even HDL during the development of CVD.