以提高作物产量为目的的高光效研究已成为作物育种学和栽培学共同关注的热点问题.针对寡日照限制我国特别是西南地区水稻产量提升这一问题,以前期研究获得的嘌呤合成途径基因(VAL1)水稻植株(VAL1-OE)为材料,从确定光能利用效率提升的限...以提高作物产量为目的的高光效研究已成为作物育种学和栽培学共同关注的热点问题.针对寡日照限制我国特别是西南地区水稻产量提升这一问题,以前期研究获得的嘌呤合成途径基因(VAL1)水稻植株(VAL1-OE)为材料,从确定光能利用效率提升的限制因子入手,利用其光合色素质量分数和光合速率均显著提高这一特点,开展水稻光合调控生理机制研究.结果表明:VAL1-OE水稻叶片叶绿体发育和光合相关基因,如捕光复合体II叶绿素a/b结合蛋白基因(LhcpII),编码PS I P700叶绿素a脱辅基蛋白A1基因(psaA),PS II D1蛋白基因(psbA),细胞色素f脱辅基蛋白基因(petA),细胞色素b6-f复合体小亚基基因(petG),核酮糖-1,5-二磷酸羧化酶/加氧酶大亚基基因(rbcL),核酮糖-1,5-二磷酸羧化酶/加氧酶小亚基基因(RbcS)和叶绿体ATP合成酶α亚基基因(atpA),这些编码基因转录水平均显著上调.此外,VAL1-OE水稻叶片比叶质量、光合色素质量分数显著增高.在低光和高光条件下,电子传递速率(ETR)、净光合速率(A)和光能利用效率(LUE)均显著高于野生型水稻叶片,但VAL1-OE水稻单株面积较低,干物质累积和产量未显著增加.研究结果显示:超表达VAL1水稻优化叶片光能吸收、电子传递和碳同化是提高光合作用和光能利用效率的关键.光合面积较小成为制约VAL1超表达水稻获得更多干物质累积和产量的主要因素.以VAL1超表达水稻为基础,在实现高光合能力的同时,培育高叶面积表型材料,提高光合作用面积是进一步提高该水稻材料干物质累积量和产量的突破口.展开更多
Rice kernel shape affects kernel quality(appearance) and yield(1000-kernel weight) and therefore is an important agronomic trait, but its inheritance is complicated. We identified a long-kernel rice chromosome segment...Rice kernel shape affects kernel quality(appearance) and yield(1000-kernel weight) and therefore is an important agronomic trait, but its inheritance is complicated. We identified a long-kernel rice chromosome segment substitution line(CSSL), Z741, derived from Nipponbare as a recipient and Xihui 18 as a donor parent. Z741 has six substitution segments distributed on rice chromosomes 3, 6, 7, 8 and 12 with an average replacement length of 5.82 Mb. Analysis of a secondary F2 population from a cross between Nipponbare and Z741 identified 20 QTLs for important agronomic traits. The kernel length of Z741 is controlled by a major QTL(qKL3) and a minor QTL(qKL7). Candidate gene prediction and sequencing indicated that qKL3 may be an allele of OsPPKL1, which encodes a protein phosphatase implicated in brassinosteroid signaling, and qKL7 is an unreported QTL. Finally, we validated eight QTLs(qKL3, qKL7, qRLW3-1, qRLW7, qPH3-1, qKWT3, qKWT7 and qNPB6) using three selected singlesegment substitution lines(SSSLs), S1, S2 and S3. Also, we detected five QTLs(qKL6, qKW3, qKW7, qKW6 and qRLW6) in S1, S2 and S3, which were not found in the Nipponbare/Z741 F2 population. However, qNPB3, qNPB7 and qPL3 QTLs were not validated by the three SSSLs in 2019, suggesting that minor QTLs are susceptible to environmental factors. These results lay the foundation for studying the biodiversity of kernal length and molecular breeding of different kernel types.展开更多
文摘以提高作物产量为目的的高光效研究已成为作物育种学和栽培学共同关注的热点问题.针对寡日照限制我国特别是西南地区水稻产量提升这一问题,以前期研究获得的嘌呤合成途径基因(VAL1)水稻植株(VAL1-OE)为材料,从确定光能利用效率提升的限制因子入手,利用其光合色素质量分数和光合速率均显著提高这一特点,开展水稻光合调控生理机制研究.结果表明:VAL1-OE水稻叶片叶绿体发育和光合相关基因,如捕光复合体II叶绿素a/b结合蛋白基因(LhcpII),编码PS I P700叶绿素a脱辅基蛋白A1基因(psaA),PS II D1蛋白基因(psbA),细胞色素f脱辅基蛋白基因(petA),细胞色素b6-f复合体小亚基基因(petG),核酮糖-1,5-二磷酸羧化酶/加氧酶大亚基基因(rbcL),核酮糖-1,5-二磷酸羧化酶/加氧酶小亚基基因(RbcS)和叶绿体ATP合成酶α亚基基因(atpA),这些编码基因转录水平均显著上调.此外,VAL1-OE水稻叶片比叶质量、光合色素质量分数显著增高.在低光和高光条件下,电子传递速率(ETR)、净光合速率(A)和光能利用效率(LUE)均显著高于野生型水稻叶片,但VAL1-OE水稻单株面积较低,干物质累积和产量未显著增加.研究结果显示:超表达VAL1水稻优化叶片光能吸收、电子传递和碳同化是提高光合作用和光能利用效率的关键.光合面积较小成为制约VAL1超表达水稻获得更多干物质累积和产量的主要因素.以VAL1超表达水稻为基础,在实现高光合能力的同时,培育高叶面积表型材料,提高光合作用面积是进一步提高该水稻材料干物质累积量和产量的突破口.
基金supported by the National Key Research Plan Project of China(Grant No.2017YFD0101107)Chongqing Technical Innovation and Application Development Project(Grant No.cstc2019jscx-msxmX0392)。
文摘Rice kernel shape affects kernel quality(appearance) and yield(1000-kernel weight) and therefore is an important agronomic trait, but its inheritance is complicated. We identified a long-kernel rice chromosome segment substitution line(CSSL), Z741, derived from Nipponbare as a recipient and Xihui 18 as a donor parent. Z741 has six substitution segments distributed on rice chromosomes 3, 6, 7, 8 and 12 with an average replacement length of 5.82 Mb. Analysis of a secondary F2 population from a cross between Nipponbare and Z741 identified 20 QTLs for important agronomic traits. The kernel length of Z741 is controlled by a major QTL(qKL3) and a minor QTL(qKL7). Candidate gene prediction and sequencing indicated that qKL3 may be an allele of OsPPKL1, which encodes a protein phosphatase implicated in brassinosteroid signaling, and qKL7 is an unreported QTL. Finally, we validated eight QTLs(qKL3, qKL7, qRLW3-1, qRLW7, qPH3-1, qKWT3, qKWT7 and qNPB6) using three selected singlesegment substitution lines(SSSLs), S1, S2 and S3. Also, we detected five QTLs(qKL6, qKW3, qKW7, qKW6 and qRLW6) in S1, S2 and S3, which were not found in the Nipponbare/Z741 F2 population. However, qNPB3, qNPB7 and qPL3 QTLs were not validated by the three SSSLs in 2019, suggesting that minor QTLs are susceptible to environmental factors. These results lay the foundation for studying the biodiversity of kernal length and molecular breeding of different kernel types.
