Regional Calibration of Hargreaves Equation in the Xiliaohe Basin

This paper investigates calibration of Hargreaves equation in Xiliaohe Basin. Twelve meteorologicalgauges located within Xiliaohe Basin in Northeast China were monitored during 1970 and 2014 providing continuous records of meteorological data. Taking daily ET0 calculated by Penman-Montieth equation as the benchmark, the error of Hargreaves equation for computing ET0 was evaluated and the investigation on regional calibration of Hargreaves equation was carried out. Results showed there was an obvious difference between the calculating results of Hargreaves and Penman-Monteith equation. The estimation of the former was obviously higher during June and September while lower during the rest time in a year. The three empirical parameters of the Hargreaves equation were calibrated using the SCE-UA (Shuffled Complex Evolution) method, and the calibrated Hargreaves equation showed an obvious promotion in the accuracy both during the calibration and verification period.

In-situ construction of conducting alloy interphase towards modulating Li-ion storage kinetics

Interface engineering strategy shows great promise in promoting the reaction kinetic and cycling performance in the field of electrochemical energy storage application.In this work,an in-situ interface growth strategy is proposed to introduce a robust and conducting MoGe_(2) alloy interphase between the electrochemical active Ge nanoparticle and flexible MoS_(2) nanosheets to modulate their Li-ion storage kinetics.The structural evolution processes of the Ge@MoGe_(2)@MoS_(2) composite are unraveled,during which the initially-generated Ge metals serve as a crucial reduction mediator in the formation of MoGe_(2) species bridging the Ge and MoS_(2).The as-generated MoGe_(2) interface,chemically bonding with both Ge and MoS_(2),possesses multi-fold merits,including the maintaining stable framework of electrochemically inactive Mo matrix to buffer the strain-stress effect and the"welding spot"effects to facilitate the efficient Li^(+)/e^(-)conduction.As well,the introduction of MoGe_(2) interface leads to a unique sequential lithiation/de^(-)lithiation process,namely in the order of the electrochemically active MoS_(2)-MoGe_(2)-Ge during lithiation and vice versa,during which the electrode strain could be more effectively released.Benefited from the robust and rigid MoGe_(2) interface,the delicately designed Ge@MoGe_(2)@MoS_(2) composite exhibits an improved charge/discharge performances(866.7 mAh g^(-1) at 5.0 A g^(-1) and 838.5 mAh g^(-1) after 400 cycles)while showing a high tap density of 1.23 g cm^(-3).The as-proposed in-situ interface growth strategy paves a new avenue for designing novel high-performance electrochemical energy storage materials.

Layered buserite Mg-Mn oxide cathode for aqueous rechargeable Mg-ion battery

Owing to the features(high safety,inexpensive and environmental friendliness)of aqueous rechargeable Mg-ion batteries(ARMIBs),they have drawn extensive attention in the future energy storage systems.However,the poor Mg^(2+)migration kinetics during the Mg^(2+)intercalation/extraction still hinders the progress of developing suitable cathode materials.Herein,a layered buserite Mg-Mn oxide(MMO)material with large interlayer space(~9.70A)and low-crystalline structure is studied as a high-performance cathode in ARMIBs.Compared with the counterpart,the Mg^(2+)migration kinetics of the MMO cathode can be enhanced by its unique structure(bigger interlayer spacing and low-crystalline structure).The layered buserite MMO as a high-performance ARMIBs cathode exhibits high Mg storage capacity(50 mAg^(-1):169.3 mAh g^(-1)),excellent rate capability(1000 mAg^(-1):98.3 mAh g^(-1)),and fast Mg^(2+)migration(an average diffusion coefficient:~4.21×10-^(10)cm^(2)s^(-1))in 0.5 M MgCl_(2)aqueous electrolyte.Moreover,the MMO-1//AC full battery achieved a high discharge capacity(100 mAg^(-1):111 mAh g^(-1)),and an ignored fading over 5000 cycles(1000 mAg^(-1)).Therefore,layered Mg-Mn oxide with large interlayer space may break a new path to develop the promising ARMIBs.

One-step spraying method to construct superhydrophobic magnesium surface with extraordinary robustness and multi-functions

The robust magnesium surfaces with multi-functions are highly desirable,and the simple and scalable methods to construct such surfaces are urgently indispensable.Herein,we conducted a one-step spraying method to facilely fabricate the robust coating with multi-functions on magnesium alloys.The as-sprayed magnesium alloys surface is superhydrophobic with a static water contact angle(WCA)of 157.0°and a roll-off angle of 6.0°.Such surface has excellent mechanical,chemical and thermal stabilities,even undergoing various physical and chemical damages,including sand impact(10 gmin^(-1),≥20 min),water impact(2 impacts s^(-1),≥180 min),abrasion(1.00 kPa,≥25 cycles),peeling(≥2.15 kPa),high temperature(200°C,≥24 h),strong acidic/salty/basic media(p H=113)and organic-solvent immersion(ethanol and n-hexane,≥24 h),demonstrating brilliant robustness.Notably,the surface displays multi-functions of corrosion protection,anti-fouling and heat insulation,which will undoubtedly promote the much wider applications of magnesium alloys.

Generation of Alfvén wave energy during magnetic reconnection in Hall MHD

The effect of the reconnection rate on the generation of Alfvén wave energy is systematically investigated using Hall magnetohydrodynamics（MHD）. It is well known that a decrease in magnetic energy is proportional to the reconnection rate. It is found that an instantaneous increase in Alfvén wave energy in unit Alfvén time is the square dependence on the reconnection rate. The converted Alfvén wave energy is strongly enhanced due to the large increase in the reconnection rate in Hall MHD. For solar-terrestrial plasmas, the maximum converted Alfvén wave energy in unit Alfvén time with the Hall effect can be over 50 times higher than that without the Hall effect during magnetic reconnection.

pH and lipase-responsive nanocarrier-mediated dual drug delivery system to treat periodontitis in diabetic rats

Precise and controlled drug delivery to treat periodontitis in patients with diabetes remains a significant clinical challenge.Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems offer a potential therapeutic strategy;however,the low loading efficiency,non-responsiveness,and single effect of conventional nanoparticles hinder their clinical application.In this study,we designed a novel self-assembled,dual responsive,and dual drug-loading nanocarrier system,which comprised two parts:the hydrophobic lipid core formed by 1,2-Distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-Poly(ethylene glycol)(DSPE-PEG)loaded with alpha-lipoic acid(ALA);and a hydrophilic shell comprising a poly(amidoamine)dendrimer(PAMAM)that electrostatically adsorbed minocycline hydrochloride(Mino).This unique design allows the controlled release of antioxidant/ALA under lipase stimulation from periodontal pathogens and antimicrobial/Mino under the low pH of the inflammatory microenvironment.In vivo and in vitro studies confirmed that this dual nanocarrier could inhibit the formation of subgingival microbial colonies while promoting osteogenic differentiation of cells under diabetic pathological conditions,and ameliorated periodontal bone resorption.This effective and versatile drug-delivery strategy has good potential applications to inhibit diabetes-associated periodontal bone loss.