Numerical modeling of current-induced scour around multi-wall foundation using large-eddy simulation

Scouring is one of the primary triggers of failure for bridges across rivers or seas.However,research concerning the scour mechanism of multi-wall foundations(MWFs)remains scarce,hindering the further application of MWFs.In this study,for the first time,the scouring effect caused by unidirectional flow around MWFs was examined numerically using FLOW-3D involving a large-eddy simulation.Initially,the applicability of the scouring model and input parameters was validated using a case study based on published measured data.Subsequently,the scouring effects of four MWFs with different wall arrangements and inflow angles,including the flow field analysis and scour pit and depth,were investigated thoroughly.It was found that the maximum scour depth of MWFs with an inflow angle of 0°was smaller than that of those with an inflow angle of 45°,regardless of the wall arrangement.Meanwhile,changing the inflow angle significantly affects the scour characteristics of MWFs arranged in parallel.In practical engineering,MWFs arranged in parallel are preferred considering the need for scouring resistance.However,a comparative analysis should be performed to consider comprehensively whether to adopt the form of a round wall arrangement when the inflow angle is not 0°or the inflow direction is changeable.

SERBP1 Promotes Stress Granule Clearance by Regulating 26S Proteasome Activity and G3BP1 Ubiquitination and Protects Male Germ Cells from Thermostimuli Damage

Stress granules(SGs)are membraneless cytoplasmic condensates that dynamically assemble in response to various stressors and reversibly disassemble after stimulus removal;however,the mechanisms underlying SG dynamics and their physiological roles in germ cell development are elusive.Here,we show that SERBP1(SERPINE1 mRNA binding protein 1)is a universal SG component and conserved regulator of SG clearance in somatic and male germ cells.SERBP1 interacts with the SG core component G3BP1 and 26S proteasome proteins PSMD10 and PSMA3 and recruits them to SGs.In the absence of SERBP1,reduced 20S proteasome activity,mislocalized valosin containing protein(VCP)and Fas associated factor family member 2(FAF2),and diminished K63-linked polyubiquitination of G3BP1 during the SG recovery period were observed.Interestingly,the depletion of SERBP1 in testicular cells in vivo causes increased germ cell apoptosis upon scrotal heat stress.Accordingly,we propose that a SERBP1-mediated mechanism regulates 26S proteasome activity and G3BP1 ubiquitination to facilitate SG clearance in both somatic and germ cell lines.

Sonodynamic therapy(SDT): a novel strategy for cancer nanotheranostics

Sonodynamic therapy(SDT) is a promising non-invasive therapeutic modality. Compared to photo-inspired therapy, SDT provides many opportunities and benefits, including deeper tissue penetration, high precision, less side effects, and good patient compliance. Thanks to the facile engineerable nature of nanotechnology, nanoparticles-based sonosensitizers exhibit predominant advantages, such as increased SDT efficacy, binding avidity, and targeting specificity. This review aims to summarize the possible mechanisms of SDT, which can be expected to provide the theoretical basis for SDT development in the future. We also extensively discuss nanoparticle-assisted sonosensitizers to enhance the outcome of SDT. Additionally, we focus on the potential strategy of combinational SDT with other therapeutic modalities and discuss the limitations and challenges of SDT toward clinical applications.

Soil arching effect of Lattice-Shaped Diaphragm Wall as bridge foundation

As a new type of bridge foundation, Lattice-Shaped Diaphragm Wall （hereinafter for LSDW） is highly concerned in relevant construction area but its research is far from achievement. Based on PFC2D, the soil arching effect of LSDWs is studied thoroughly in this paper and the special attention is given to its influencing factors. It turns out to be that a differential wall-soil settlement can be found at the lower location of soil core of an LSDW which is one of the trigger factors of soil arching; meanwhile, the differential settlement degree can reflect the exertion degree of soil arching; the shape of soil arching is basically a hemisphere which can be explained by the theory proposed by Hewlett and Randolph; normally, the chamber number is a negative factor for the development of soil arching; the soil arching effect is significantly influenced by the distance of two adjacent wall elements and the foundation depth, and a relatively large or small value of these factors is disadvantageous to the exertion of soil arching; in addition, the soil arching effect increase with the growth of stiffness and friction coefficient of particles and the friction coefficient of particles has insignificant influence on the development of soil arching effect compared with particle stiffness.