Hydrogen has emerged as a promising alternative to meet the growing demand for sustainable and renewable energy sources.Underground hydrogen storage(UHS)in depleted gas reservoirs holds significant potential for large...Hydrogen has emerged as a promising alternative to meet the growing demand for sustainable and renewable energy sources.Underground hydrogen storage(UHS)in depleted gas reservoirs holds significant potential for large-scale energy storage and the seamless integration of intermittent renewable energy sources,due to its capacity to address challenges associated with the intermittent nature of renewable energy sources,ensuring a steady and reliable energy supply.Leveraging the existing infrastructure and well-characterized geological formations,depleted gas reservoirs offer an attractive option for large-scale hydrogen storage implementation.However,significant knowledge gaps regarding storage performance hinder the commercialization of UHS operation.Hydrogen deliverability,hydrogen trapping,and the equation of state are key areas with limited understanding.This literature review critically analyzes and synthesizes existing research on hydrogen storage performance during underground storage in depleted gas reservoirs;it then provides a high-level risk assessment and an overview of the techno-economics of UHS.The significance of this review lies in its consolidation of current knowledge,highlighting unresolved issues and proposing areas for future research.Addressing these gaps will advance hydrogen-based energy systems and support the transition to a sustainable energy landscape.Facilitating efficient and safe deployment of UHS in depleted gas reservoirs will assist in unlocking hydrogen’s full potential as a clean and renewable energy carrier.In addition,this review aids policymakers and the scientific community in making informed decisions regarding hydrogen storage technologies.展开更多
A high-performance anion exchange membrane(AEM)is critical for the development of alkaline fuel cell.In this work,AEMs with an interpenetrating polymer network(IPN)are synthesized.An electron microscope clearly reveal...A high-performance anion exchange membrane(AEM)is critical for the development of alkaline fuel cell.In this work,AEMs with an interpenetrating polymer network(IPN)are synthesized.An electron microscope clearly reveals a highly efficient“ion channel”network,which is constructed with a small amount of cation exchange groups.This specially designed ion channel leads to extraordinary hydroxide conductivity(e.g.,257.8 mS cm^(-1) at 80℃)of IPN AEMs at moderate ion exchange capacity(IEC=1:75 mmol g^(-1)),as well as excellent long-term alkaline stability at harsh condition which showed that 81%of original conductivity can be retained after a long time for 1248 hours.Moreover,a remarkable peak power density of 1.20 Wcm^(-2)(0.1 MPa backpressure)with nonprecious metal(FeNx-CNTs)as oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)catalyst in a fuel cell test was achieved.This work offers a general strategy to prepare high-performance AEMs based on IPN structure design.展开更多
基金supporting this work and funding research through the project Enabling Large-Scale Hydrogen Underground Storage in Porous Media(21.RP2.0091)。
文摘Hydrogen has emerged as a promising alternative to meet the growing demand for sustainable and renewable energy sources.Underground hydrogen storage(UHS)in depleted gas reservoirs holds significant potential for large-scale energy storage and the seamless integration of intermittent renewable energy sources,due to its capacity to address challenges associated with the intermittent nature of renewable energy sources,ensuring a steady and reliable energy supply.Leveraging the existing infrastructure and well-characterized geological formations,depleted gas reservoirs offer an attractive option for large-scale hydrogen storage implementation.However,significant knowledge gaps regarding storage performance hinder the commercialization of UHS operation.Hydrogen deliverability,hydrogen trapping,and the equation of state are key areas with limited understanding.This literature review critically analyzes and synthesizes existing research on hydrogen storage performance during underground storage in depleted gas reservoirs;it then provides a high-level risk assessment and an overview of the techno-economics of UHS.The significance of this review lies in its consolidation of current knowledge,highlighting unresolved issues and proposing areas for future research.Addressing these gaps will advance hydrogen-based energy systems and support the transition to a sustainable energy landscape.Facilitating efficient and safe deployment of UHS in depleted gas reservoirs will assist in unlocking hydrogen’s full potential as a clean and renewable energy carrier.In addition,this review aids policymakers and the scientific community in making informed decisions regarding hydrogen storage technologies.
基金This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFB0101202)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.91534205,21436003,and 21706020).
文摘A high-performance anion exchange membrane(AEM)is critical for the development of alkaline fuel cell.In this work,AEMs with an interpenetrating polymer network(IPN)are synthesized.An electron microscope clearly reveals a highly efficient“ion channel”network,which is constructed with a small amount of cation exchange groups.This specially designed ion channel leads to extraordinary hydroxide conductivity(e.g.,257.8 mS cm^(-1) at 80℃)of IPN AEMs at moderate ion exchange capacity(IEC=1:75 mmol g^(-1)),as well as excellent long-term alkaline stability at harsh condition which showed that 81%of original conductivity can be retained after a long time for 1248 hours.Moreover,a remarkable peak power density of 1.20 Wcm^(-2)(0.1 MPa backpressure)with nonprecious metal(FeNx-CNTs)as oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)catalyst in a fuel cell test was achieved.This work offers a general strategy to prepare high-performance AEMs based on IPN structure design.
