Brain functional changes in facial expression recognition in patients with major depressive disorder before and after antidepressant treatment A functional magnetic resonance imaging study

Functional magnetic resonance imaging was used during emotion recognition to identify changes in functional brain activation in 21 first-episode, treatment-naive major depressive disorder patients before and after antidepressant treatment. Following escitalopram oxalate treatment, patients exhibited decreased activation in bilateral precentral gyrus, bilateral middle frontal gyrus, left middle temporal gyrus, bilateral postcentral gyrus, left cingulate and right parahippocampal gyrus, and increased activation in right superior frontal gyrus, bilateral superior parietal Iobule and left occipital gyrus during sad facial expression recognition. After antidepressant treatment, patients also exhibited decreased activation in the bilateral middle frontal gyrus, bilateral cingulate and right parahippocampal gyrus, and increased activation in the right inferior frontal gyrus, left fusiform gyrus and right precuneus during happy facial expression recognition. Our experimental findings indicate that the limbic-cortical network might be a key target region for antidepressant treatment in major depressive disorder.

Effects of iron precursors on the structure and catalytic performance of iron molybdate prepared by mechanochemical route for methanol to formaldehyde

Mechanochemical synthesis has been applied for many novel material preparations and gained more and more attention due to green and high-efficiency recently. In order to explore the influences of iron precursors on structure and performance of iron molybdate catalyst prepared by mechanochemical route, three typical and cheap iron precursors have been used in preparation of iron molybdate catalyst. Many characterization methods have been employed to obtain the physical and chemical properties of iron molybdate catalyst. Results indicate that iron precursors have the significant impact on the phase composition, crystal morphology and catalytic performance in the conversion of methanol to formaldehyde. It is hard to regulate the phase composition by changing Mo/Fe mole ratios for Fe2(SO4)3 as iron precursor. In addition, as for Fe2(SO4)3, the formaldehyde yield is lower than that from iron molybdate catalyst prepared with Fe(NO3)3·9H2O due to the reduction in Fe2(MoO4)3 phase as active phase. Based on mechanochemical and coprecipitation method, the solvent water could be a key factor for the formation of MoO3 and Fe2(MoO4) for FeCl3·6H2O and Fe2(SO4)3 as precursors. Iron molybdate catalyst prepared with Fe(NO3)3·9H2O by mechanochemical route, shows the best methanol conversion and formaldehyde yield in this reaction.

超短c轴盘簇L沸石介晶的晶种诱导合成:形貌控制、解耦机理和增强吸附

缩短沸石材料的微孔孔道能有效提升客体分子的扩散传质性能。但目前一维L沸石(LTL)的合成中,缩短其沿一维微孔孔道方向(c轴方向)的长度至20到50 nm仍是一个挑战。本文首次在简单无机体系中通过加入纳米棒簇状L沸石作为晶种,快速(仅需4 h)合成了一种新型的L沸石介观结构晶体,且无需外加任何晶化修饰剂与模板剂。该介晶呈现出一种由超薄(约29 nm)的圆盘纳米晶沿c轴定向堆叠而成的盘簇形貌。这一独特的晶种诱导策略能够有效解耦L沸石的成核和生长阶段,为精确调控每个阶段的晶化行为以获得所需形貌结构提供了更大的操作空间。通过分析合成体系中介观尺度的晶核和微观尺度的基本构建单元衍化规律,实现了对晶种具体作用及衍化规律的解构:晶种溶解出的环笼结构加速了凝胶有序化,缩短了诱导期;而晶种溶解后的残余部分为生长期提供了密集的初始晶核,导向了新型盘簇结构的形成。通过对沸石生长条件进行调节,证实了其生长期存在蠕虫状前驱颗粒组装的行为,并实现了对盘簇中圆盘沿c轴方向厚度在18到55 nm范围内的精细调控。此外,通过选择直径为0.43到4.5 nm的系列模型分子作为吸附质,证明了该超短c轴样品在气相和液相体系大幅增强的吸附应用潜力。样品在小分子的扩散速率和大分子在气相的吸附量方面确实具有优势。在实际应用中,该样品在芳烃的吸附和分离以及染料和蛋白质的吸附方面具有一定的优势。

Overpressure Evolution Recorded in Fluid Inclusions in the Dongpu Depression,Bohai Bay Basin,North China

The Dongpu depression,like other depressions in the Bohai Bay Basin,is characterized by overpressure,however,the published studies have not clearly given the overpressure formation mechanism and paleo-pressure evolution history in the Dongpu depression.In addition,the current researches are mainly focused on the northern Dongpu depression,while rare investigation has been conducted in the southern part.In this context,it is urgent to explore the comprehensive overpressure evolution and formation mechanism in the Dongpu depression in academic and industrial fields.This paper provided a systematic analysis of fluid inclusions,including fluid inclusion petrography,microthermometry,vapor phase filling degree measurement and PVT-x modeling.By using homogenization temperature-burial history projection,the trapping time of the oil inclusions are determined.Four pressure evolution stages are identified in both the northern and the southern Dongpu depression.The results indicate that the pressure accumulation stage is derived by disequilibrium compaction and hydrocarbon generation in the northern part because of the salt rock distribution,while the stage is only derived by hydrocarbon generation in the southern part because of no salt rock distribution.The pressure release stages are mainly caused by the tectonic uplifting movements at the end of Dongying and Minghuazhen Formation.The overpressure in most areas in the northern part has been preserved till now,which is considered as a result of the good plasticity and sealing ability of salt rock that prevent the pressure leakage by smearing on the fault.Areas without salt rock distribution show normal pressure,which means the salt rock is an important factor that contributes to the overpressure preservation.However,there are exceptions that in Baimiao and Qiaokou,the overpressure still exists even without salt rock distribution,which is due to fault closure.

Ultrafine Fe-modulated Ni nanoparticles embedded within nitrogen-doped carbon from Zr-MOFs-confined conversion for efficient oxygen evolution reaction

Improvement of the low-cost transition metal electrocatalyst used in sluggish oxygen evolution reaction is a significant but challenging problem. In this study, ultrafine Fe-modulated Ni nanoparticles embedded in a porous Ni-doped carbon matrix were produced by the pyrolysis of zirconium metal–organic–frameworks, in which 2,2′-bipyridine-5,5′-dicarboxylate operating as a ligand can coordinate with Ni^(2+) and Fe^(3+). This strategy allows formation of Fe-modulated Ni nanoparticles with a uniform dimension of about 2 nm which can be ascribed to the spatial blocking effect of ZrO_(2). This unique catalyst displays an efficient oxygen evolution reaction electrocatalytic activity with a low overpotential of 372 mV at 10 mA·cm^(–2) and a small Tafel slope of 84.4 mV·dec^(–1) in alkaline media. More importantly, it shows superior durability and structural stability after 43 h in a chronoamperometry test. Meanwhile, it shows excellent cycling stability during 4000 cyclic voltammetry cycles. This research offers a new insight into the construction of uniform nanoscale transition metals and their alloys as highly efficient and durable electrocatalysts.

Modified iron-molybdate catalysts with various metal oxides by a mechanochemical method:enhanced formaldehyde yield in methanol partial oxidation

A mechanochemical method was employed to prepare modified iron molybdate catalysts with various metal salts as precursors.The physicochemical properties of the iron molybdate catalysts were characterized,and their performances in catalyzing the reaction from methanol to formaldehyde(HCHO)were evaluated.Iron molybdate catalysts doped with Co(NO_(3))_(2)·6H_(2)Oand Al(NO_(3))_(3)·9H_(2)O resulted in high HCHO yields.Compared with a commercial catalyst,the HCHO yields in the reaction with the modified catalyst at an optimal Co/Mo molar ratio reached 97.37%.According to chemical state analysis,the formation of CoO and the efficient decrease in the MoO_(3)sublimation rate could be important factors enhancing the HCHO yield in reactions catalyzed with iron molybdate doped with different Co/Mo mole ratios.

Limit theorems for functionals of Gaussian vectors

Operator self-similar processes, as an extension of self-similar processes, have been studied extensively. In this work, we study limit theorems for functionals of Gaussian vectors. Under some conditions, we determine that the limit of partial sums of functionals of a stationary Gaussian sequence of random vectors is an operator self-similar process.