Highly virulent porcine epidemic diarrhea virus(PEDV)strains re-emerged and circulated in China at the end of 2010,causing significant economic losses in the pork industry worldwide.To understand the genetic dynamics ...Highly virulent porcine epidemic diarrhea virus(PEDV)strains re-emerged and circulated in China at the end of 2010,causing significant economic losses in the pork industry worldwide.To understand the genetic dynamics of PEDV during its passage in vitro,the PEDV G2 strain FJzzl was serially propagated in Vero cells for up to 200 passages.The susceptibility and adaptability of the FJzzl strain increased gradually as it was serially passaged in vitro.Sequence analysis revealed that amino acid(aa)changes were mainly concentrated in the S glycoprotein,which accounted for 72.22%-85.71%of all aa changes.A continuous aa deletion(^(55)I^(56)G^(57)E→^(55)K^(56)Δ^(57)Δ)occurred in the N-terminal domain of S1(Sl-NTD).To examine how the aa changes affected its virulence,FJzzl-F20 and FJzzl-F200 were selected to simultaneously evaluate their pathogenicity in suckling piglets.All the piglets in the FJzzl-F20-infected group showed typical diarrhea at 24 h postinfection,and the piglets died successively by 48 h postinfection.However,the clinical signs of the piglets in the FJzzl-F200-infected group were significantly weaker,and no deaths occurred.The FJzzl-F200-infected group also showed a lower level of fecal viral shedding and lower viral loads in the intestinal tissues,and no obvious histopathological lesions.TypeⅠandⅢinterferon were induced in the FJzzl-F200 infection group,together with pro-inflammatory cytokines,such as TNF-α,IL-1βand IL-8.These results indicate that the identified genetic changes may contribute to the attenuation of FJzzl strain,and the attenuated FJzzl-F200 may have the potential for developing PEDV live-attenuated vaccines.展开更多
Currently, various porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus(PRRSV) variants emerged worldwide with different genetic characteristics and pathogenicity, increasing the difficulty of PRRS control. In this stu...Currently, various porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus(PRRSV) variants emerged worldwide with different genetic characteristics and pathogenicity, increasing the difficulty of PRRS control. In this study, a PRRSV strain named HBap4-2018 was isolated from swine herds suffering severe respiratory disease with high morbidity in Hebei Province of China in 2018. The genome of HBap4-2018 is 15,003 nucleotides in length, and compared with NADC30-like PRRSV, nsp2 of HBap4-2018 has an additional continuous deletion of five amino acids. Phylogenetic analysis based on complete genome and ORF5 showed that HBap4-2018 belonged to lineage 8 of PRRSV-2, which was characterized by highly variable genome. However, HBap4-2018 was classified into lineage 1 based on phylogenetic analysis of nsp2,sharing higher amino acid homology(85.3%–85.5%) with NADC30-like PRRSV. Further analysis suggested that HBap4-2018 was a novel natural recombinant PRRSV with three recombinant fragments in the genome, of which highly pathogenic PRRSV(HP-PRRSV) served as the major parental strains, while NADC30-like PRRSV served as the minor parental strains. Five recombination break points were identified in nsp2, nsp3, nsp5, nsp9 and ORF6, respectively,presenting a novel recombinant pattern in the genome. Piglets inoculated with HBap4-2018 presented typical clinical signs with a mortality rate of 60%. High levels of viremia and obvious macroscopic and histopathological lesions in the lungs were observed, revealing the high pathogenicity of HBap4-2018 in piglets.展开更多
Dear editor,Swine influenza virus(SIV)is a member of the Orthomyxoviridae family,influenza A virus genus,which can cause the swine influenza—an acute and highly contagious respiratory disease in pigs(Brown,2000;Kotha...Dear editor,Swine influenza virus(SIV)is a member of the Orthomyxoviridae family,influenza A virus genus,which can cause the swine influenza—an acute and highly contagious respiratory disease in pigs(Brown,2000;Kothalawala et al.,2006).The SIV was first observed in 1918 in the United States and the progenitor of the SIV was the H1N1 influenza virus which caused the Spanish influenza pandemic of 1918(Shope,1931).展开更多
基金supported by the National Program on Key Research Project of China(2016YFD0500100)the Shanghai Youth Scientific and Technological Yang Fan Program Grant(20YF1457800)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31472207)the earmarked fund for Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System of China(CARS-36)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2020M670555)Shanghai Minhang District talent development special funds。
文摘Highly virulent porcine epidemic diarrhea virus(PEDV)strains re-emerged and circulated in China at the end of 2010,causing significant economic losses in the pork industry worldwide.To understand the genetic dynamics of PEDV during its passage in vitro,the PEDV G2 strain FJzzl was serially propagated in Vero cells for up to 200 passages.The susceptibility and adaptability of the FJzzl strain increased gradually as it was serially passaged in vitro.Sequence analysis revealed that amino acid(aa)changes were mainly concentrated in the S glycoprotein,which accounted for 72.22%-85.71%of all aa changes.A continuous aa deletion(^(55)I^(56)G^(57)E→^(55)K^(56)Δ^(57)Δ)occurred in the N-terminal domain of S1(Sl-NTD).To examine how the aa changes affected its virulence,FJzzl-F20 and FJzzl-F200 were selected to simultaneously evaluate their pathogenicity in suckling piglets.All the piglets in the FJzzl-F20-infected group showed typical diarrhea at 24 h postinfection,and the piglets died successively by 48 h postinfection.However,the clinical signs of the piglets in the FJzzl-F200-infected group were significantly weaker,and no deaths occurred.The FJzzl-F200-infected group also showed a lower level of fecal viral shedding and lower viral loads in the intestinal tissues,and no obvious histopathological lesions.TypeⅠandⅢinterferon were induced in the FJzzl-F200 infection group,together with pro-inflammatory cytokines,such as TNF-α,IL-1βand IL-8.These results indicate that the identified genetic changes may contribute to the attenuation of FJzzl strain,and the attenuated FJzzl-F200 may have the potential for developing PEDV live-attenuated vaccines.
基金The siudy was supported by the Shanghai Municipal Agriculture Science and Technology Project(2020-02-0800-08-F01465)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32072861)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(20ZR1469600)the earmarked fund for Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System of China(CARS-35)。
文摘Currently, various porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus(PRRSV) variants emerged worldwide with different genetic characteristics and pathogenicity, increasing the difficulty of PRRS control. In this study, a PRRSV strain named HBap4-2018 was isolated from swine herds suffering severe respiratory disease with high morbidity in Hebei Province of China in 2018. The genome of HBap4-2018 is 15,003 nucleotides in length, and compared with NADC30-like PRRSV, nsp2 of HBap4-2018 has an additional continuous deletion of five amino acids. Phylogenetic analysis based on complete genome and ORF5 showed that HBap4-2018 belonged to lineage 8 of PRRSV-2, which was characterized by highly variable genome. However, HBap4-2018 was classified into lineage 1 based on phylogenetic analysis of nsp2,sharing higher amino acid homology(85.3%–85.5%) with NADC30-like PRRSV. Further analysis suggested that HBap4-2018 was a novel natural recombinant PRRSV with three recombinant fragments in the genome, of which highly pathogenic PRRSV(HP-PRRSV) served as the major parental strains, while NADC30-like PRRSV served as the minor parental strains. Five recombination break points were identified in nsp2, nsp3, nsp5, nsp9 and ORF6, respectively,presenting a novel recombinant pattern in the genome. Piglets inoculated with HBap4-2018 presented typical clinical signs with a mortality rate of 60%. High levels of viremia and obvious macroscopic and histopathological lesions in the lungs were observed, revealing the high pathogenicity of HBap4-2018 in piglets.
基金grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China(31970175)China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(NYCYTX-009)。
文摘Dear editor,Swine influenza virus(SIV)is a member of the Orthomyxoviridae family,influenza A virus genus,which can cause the swine influenza—an acute and highly contagious respiratory disease in pigs(Brown,2000;Kothalawala et al.,2006).The SIV was first observed in 1918 in the United States and the progenitor of the SIV was the H1N1 influenza virus which caused the Spanish influenza pandemic of 1918(Shope,1931).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41701493, 41601093)the Scientific and Technological Development Program of Jilin Province (20190103152JH)+1 种基金the US National Science Foundation (AGS-1849654)the Chinese Academy of Sciences for funding Lingxue Yu visit to UCLA (University of California, Los Angeles) as a visiting scholar