The diamondback moth (DBM) Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) is an insect pest found around the world that feeds on cruciferous crops. The DBM has become resistant to most insecticides in current use...The diamondback moth (DBM) Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) is an insect pest found around the world that feeds on cruciferous crops. The DBM has become resistant to most insecticides in current use in the field. Broflanilide is a novel meta-diamide insecticide that binds to a new site on the γ-aminobutyric acid receptor and very efficiently protects against most pests in the order Lepidoptera, including DBM. In this study, the resistance of a laboratory-bred susceptible strain of DBM to broflanilide and the fitness costs posed by broflanilide to the DBM were evaluated. The DBM had no obvious resistance to broflanilide after 10 generations of selection. The realized heritability h2 was 0.033, suggesting a low risk of resistance developing in this strain. The F10 generation had no cross-resistance to the insecticides abamectin and endosulfan (which target the γ-aminobutyric acid receptor) and chlorantraniliprole (which targets a non-γ-aminobutyric acid receptor). The specific activities of important detoxification enzymes (cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, esterase, and glutathione S-transferase) were not obviously altered. However, the larval stage was prolonged and the adult stage was shortened significantly in F11 generation than the F0 generation. The total preoviposition period TPOP significantly prolonged 1.90 d in F11 generation. The fitness value Rf (0.93) was lower for the F11 generation than the F0 generation. The results indicated that long-term exposure to broflanilide exerts clear fitness costs in the DBM. This information will be useful in identifying reasonable broflanilide application guidelines for managing broflanilide resistance in the DBM.展开更多
How horizontal gene transfer(HGT)has contributed to the evolution of animals and plants remains a major puzzle.Despite recent progress,defining the overall scale and pattern of HGT events in land plants has been large...How horizontal gene transfer(HGT)has contributed to the evolution of animals and plants remains a major puzzle.Despite recent progress,defining the overall scale and pattern of HGT events in land plants has been largely elusive.In this study,we performed systematic analyses for acquired genes in different plant groups and throughout land plant evolution.We found that relatively recent HGT events occurred in char-ophytes and all major land plant groups,but their frequency declined rapidly in seed plants.Two major ep-isodes of HGT events occurred in land plant evolution,corresponding to the early evolution of strepto-phytes and the origin of land plants,respectively.Importantly,a vast majority of the genes acquired in the two episodes have been retained in descendant groups,affecting numerous activities and processes of land plants.We analyzed some of the acquired genes involved in stress responses,ion and metabolite transport,growth and development,and specialized metabolism,and further assessed the cumulative ef-fects of HGT in land plants.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB3803300)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province of China(2021JJ10058)the Major Scientific and Technological Project of Changsha in 2022(kq2301002)。
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31371956,31572023 and 31772186).
文摘The diamondback moth (DBM) Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) is an insect pest found around the world that feeds on cruciferous crops. The DBM has become resistant to most insecticides in current use in the field. Broflanilide is a novel meta-diamide insecticide that binds to a new site on the γ-aminobutyric acid receptor and very efficiently protects against most pests in the order Lepidoptera, including DBM. In this study, the resistance of a laboratory-bred susceptible strain of DBM to broflanilide and the fitness costs posed by broflanilide to the DBM were evaluated. The DBM had no obvious resistance to broflanilide after 10 generations of selection. The realized heritability h2 was 0.033, suggesting a low risk of resistance developing in this strain. The F10 generation had no cross-resistance to the insecticides abamectin and endosulfan (which target the γ-aminobutyric acid receptor) and chlorantraniliprole (which targets a non-γ-aminobutyric acid receptor). The specific activities of important detoxification enzymes (cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, esterase, and glutathione S-transferase) were not obviously altered. However, the larval stage was prolonged and the adult stage was shortened significantly in F11 generation than the F0 generation. The total preoviposition period TPOP significantly prolonged 1.90 d in F11 generation. The fitness value Rf (0.93) was lower for the F11 generation than the F0 generation. The results indicated that long-term exposure to broflanilide exerts clear fitness costs in the DBM. This information will be useful in identifying reasonable broflanilide application guidelines for managing broflanilide resistance in the DBM.
基金This work is funded in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31970248 and 32000176).
文摘How horizontal gene transfer(HGT)has contributed to the evolution of animals and plants remains a major puzzle.Despite recent progress,defining the overall scale and pattern of HGT events in land plants has been largely elusive.In this study,we performed systematic analyses for acquired genes in different plant groups and throughout land plant evolution.We found that relatively recent HGT events occurred in char-ophytes and all major land plant groups,but their frequency declined rapidly in seed plants.Two major ep-isodes of HGT events occurred in land plant evolution,corresponding to the early evolution of strepto-phytes and the origin of land plants,respectively.Importantly,a vast majority of the genes acquired in the two episodes have been retained in descendant groups,affecting numerous activities and processes of land plants.We analyzed some of the acquired genes involved in stress responses,ion and metabolite transport,growth and development,and specialized metabolism,and further assessed the cumulative ef-fects of HGT in land plants.
