Mixing effects of high-speed jets in gas-solid riser and downer reactors

For the high-temperature and short-contact time gas-solid reaction process,riser and downer are considered appropriate reactors.To realize an intensive and complete mixing of reactants with catalysts,the feed raw is always introduced in the form of high-speed jets.In this study,in order to investigate the mixing effects of different types of high-speed jets in riser and downer,traceable ozone is injected with the high-speed feed jets to react with catalyst particles.By detecting the decomposition of ozone,the gas-solid mixing and reaction in riser and downer under the influence of both co-current and counter-current injections are analyzed.The relative ozone concentration is used to reflect the location reaction extent and its radial nonuniformity index is proposed to compare the results in riser and downer.It is found that the jet influence zone in downer provides a relatively better environment for the mixing of feed jets with catalysts.In the riser,introduction of counter-current injections could improve the uniformity of gas-solid mixing in the initial contact region of feed with catalysts.

Extracellular RNAs-TLR3 signaling contributes to cognitive impairment after chronic neuropathic pain in mice

Chronic pain is often associated with cognitive decline,which could influence the quality of the patient’s life.Recent studies have suggested that Toll-like receptor 3(TLR3)is crucial for memory and learning.Nonetheless,the contribution of TLR3 to the pathogenesis of cognitive decline after chronic pain remains unclear.The level of TLR3 in hippocampal neurons increased in the chronic constriction injury(CCI)group than in the sham group in this study.Importantly,compared to the wild-type(WT)mice,TLR3 knockout(KO)mice and TLR3-specific neuronal knockdown mice both displayed improved cognitive function,reduced levels of inflammatory cytokines and neuronal apoptosis and attenuated injury to hippocampal neuroplasticity.Notably,extracellular RNAs(exRNAs),specifically double-stranded RNAs(dsRNAs),were increased in the sciatic nerve,serum,and hippocampus after CCI.The co-localization of dsRNA with TLR3 was also increased in hippocampal neurons.And the administration of poly(I:C),a dsRNA analog,elevated the levels of dsRNAs and TLR3 in the hippocampus,exacerbating hippocampus-dependent memory.In additon,the dsRNA/TLR3 inhibitor improved cognitive function after CCI.Together,our findings suggested that exRNAs,particularly dsRNAs,that were present in the condition of chronic neuropathic pain,activated TLR3,initiated downstream inflammatory and apoptotic signaling,caused damage to synaptic plasticity,and contributed to the etiology of cognitive impairment after chronic neuropathic pain.

Low-temperature plasma induced phosphate groups onto coffee residue-derived porous carbon for efficient U(Ⅵ) extraction

For the continuous utilization of nuclear energy and efficient control of radioactive pollution, low-cost materials with high efficient U(VI) removal are of great importance. In this study, low temperature plasma method was applied for the successful modification of Ophosphorylethanolamine(O-PEA) on the porous carbon materials. The produced materials(Cafe/O-PEA) could adsorb U(VI) efficiently with the maximum sorption capacity of 648.54mg/g at 1 hr, T=298 K, and p H=6.0, much higher than those of most carbon-based composites. U(VI) sorption was mainly controlled by strong surface complexation. From FTIR,SEM-EDS and XPS analyses, the sorption of U(VI) was related to the complexation with-NH2, phosphate and-OH groups on Cafe/O-PEA. The low temperature plasma method was an efficient, environmentally friendly and low-cost method for surface modification of materials for the effective enrichment of U(VI) from aqueous solutions.