Effect of Low Molecule Polyamide and Nano-SiO_2 on Properties of the Poly (MMA/BA/MAA)

Effects of low molecule polyamide （LMPA） and namometer SiO2 particles on the properties of the poly （MMA/ BA/MAA） adhesive for wearable and nonskid PVC （polyvinyl carbazole） materials were investigated. The experimental results show that the shear strength of poly （MMA/BA/MAA）/LMPA is increased, when the LMPA is added into poly （MMA/BA/MAA）. The optimum addition of LMPA is about 4 wt pct. By adding 3 wt pct nano-SiO2 into poly （MMA/BA/MAA）/LMPA adhesive, its properties such as the shear strength, thermal stability, wear resistance and sea waterproof resistance are increased too.

The Fourth Symposium of Grand Challenges on HIV(2023.12.28)

The Fourth Symposium of Grand Challenges on HIV was held on December 28,2023,in Beijing,China.Fu-Sheng Wang(the National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease)and Zhang Linqi(Tsinghua University School of Medicine),as the chairpersons of the conference,organized this meeting.At the conference,almost all famous top scientists and clinicians in Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome(AIDS)from China(Figure 1)were invited to present and discuss the most recent advances in the science of a cure for human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)and share new technologies,new therapies and new achievements,and hoping to make major breakthroughs in AIDS intervention and AIDS functional cure.

Broadly neutralizing antibodies and vaccine design against HIV-1 infection

Remarkable progress has been achieved for prophylactic and therapeutic interventions against human immunodeficiency virus type I(HIV-1)through antiretroviral therapy.However,vaccine development has remained challenging.Recent discoveries in broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies(bNAbs)has led to the development of multiple novel vaccine approaches for inducing bNAbs-like antibody response.Structural and dynamic studies revealed several vulnerable sites and states of the HIV-1 envelop glycoprotein(Env)during infection.Our review aims to highlight these discoveries and rejuvenate our endeavor in HIV-1 vaccine design and development.

HLA-mismatched allogeneic adoptive immune therapy in severely immunosuppressed AIDS patients

Severely immunosuppressed AIDS patients with recurrent opportunistic infections(Ols)represent an unmet medical need even in the era of antiretroviral therapy(ART).Here we report the development of a human leukocyte antigen(HLA)-mismatched allogeneic adaptive immune therapy(AAIT)for severely immunosuppressed AIDS patients.Twelve severely immunosuppressed AIDS patients with severe Ols were enrolled in this single-arm study.Qualified donors received subcutaneous recombinant granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor twice daily for 4-5 days to stimulate hematopoiesis.Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected from these donors via leukapheresis and transfused into the coupled patients.Clinical,immunological,and virological parameters were monitored during a 12-month follow-up period.We found AAIT combined with ART was safe and well-tolerated at the examined doses and transfusion regimen in all 12 patients.Improvements in clinical symptoms were evident throughout the study period.All patients exhibited a steady increase of peripheral CD4^(+)T cells from a median 10.5 to 207.5 cells/μl.Rapid increase in peripheral CD8^(+)T-cell count from a median 416.5 to 1206.5 cells/μl was found in the first 90 days since initiation of AAIT.In addition,their inflammatory cytokine levels and HIV RNA viral load decreased.A short-term microchimerism with donor cells was found.There were no adverse events associated with graft-versus-host disease throughout the study period.Overall,AAIT treatment was safe,and might help severely immunosuppressed AIDS patients to achieve a better immune restoration.A further clinical trial with control is necessary to confirm the efficacy of AAIT medication.

Both structure and function of human monoclonal antibodies contribute to enhancement of Zika virus infectivity in vitro

Dear Editor,Antibody-dependent enhancement（ADE）has long been recognized for dengue virus（DENV）in vitro and in vivo.It is now clear that antibodies to DENV can also enhance Zika virus（ZIKV）infection in vitro,and vice versa（Dejnirattisai et al.,2016;Stettler et al.,2016）.The characteristics of enhancing antibodies,however,remain elusive.

Broadly neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 variants

Antibody response plays a critical role in protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease progression[1–3].As the current COVID-19 pandemic continues to rage around the world,there is growing concern that new SARS-CoV-2 variants may emerge that are antigenically distinct from the prototype strain,rendering the current antibody and vaccine strategies ineffective[4–15].

A commentary of “‘Shock and Kill’ of Latent HIV” : 10 remarkable discoveries from 2020 in Nature

HIV,the virus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS),can integrate into the genome of host cells and form latent reservoirs,making it undetectable by the immune system.Two studies published in Nature in January 2020 reported a'shock and kill*strategy that aimed to activate the transcription of the latent reservoirs and render infected cells vulnerable to elimination by the immune system.Both study groups described interventions that were the most effective activation to date and were also reproducible.Nixon et al.used a drug called AZD5582 to activate the transcription of nuclear factor kappa B(NF-/cB),a major inducer of HIV-1 gene expression[1]McBrien et al.combined two immunological interventions by first depleting CD8 T cells(immune cells that reduce the level of viral transcription)followed by treatment with a drug called N-803,which activated HIV-1 transcription[2].In addition to these advances,these two studies also demonstrated the conceptual and technical challenges of pharmacological latency reversal.

The Rational Combination Strategy of Immunomodulatory Latency Reversing Agents and Novel Immunotherapy to Achieve HIV-1 Cure

Human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)-1 infection creates a persistent latent reservoir even after antiretroviral therapy,which is the main barrier to HIV cure.One of the most explored strategies is the use of latent reversal agents(LRAs)to activate HIV latent reservoirs,followed by immunotherapy to remove infected cells.Immunomodulatory LRAs have the dual advantage of activating viral latency and promoting immune cell elimination of HIV-infected cells.The emergence of novel immunotherapies has also enhanced the possibility ofHIV clearance.Here we review the activity and potential mechanisms of immunomodulatory agonists and immunotherapies.The possible combinational strategies to achieve HIV functional cure and the problems encountered using this approach are discussed.