Occurrence Characteristics and Prevention and Control Measures of Spodoptera frugiperda in Maize

Based on practical work experience,this paper analyzed the occurrence characteristics and control measures of Spodoptera frugiperda in maize.The measures including forecasting and early warning,regional prevention and control,agricultural prevention and control,physical prevention and control,chemical prevention and control,and biological prevention and control can effectively control the damage of S.frugiperda and guarantee the safety of food production.The results will provide some reference for the prevention and control of S.frugiperda.

Influence of impurity seeding on the plasma radiation in the EAST tokamak

Plasma radiation characteristics in EAST argon（Ar） gas and neon（Ne） gas seeding experiments are studied.The radiation profiles reconstructed from the fast bolometer measurement data by tomography method are compared with the ones got from the simulation program based on corona model.And the simulation results coincide roughly with the experimental data.For Ar seeding discharges,the substantial enhanced radiations can be generally observed in the edge areas at normalized radius ρ_（pol）~0.7–0.9,while the enhanced regions are more outer for Ne seeding discharges.The influence of seeded Ar gas on the core radiation is related to the injected position.In discharges with LSN divertor configuration,the Ar ions can permeate into the core region more easily when being injected from the opposite upper divertor ports.In USN divertor configuration,the W impurity sputtered from the upper divertor target plates are observed to be an important contributor to the increase of the core radiation no matter impurity seeding from any ports.The maximum radiated power fractions f_（rad）（P_（rad）/P_（heat）） about 60%–70% have been achieved in the recent EAST experimental campaign in 2015–2016.

Field-based evidence for the enrichment of intrinsic antibiotic resistome stimulated by plant-derived fertilizer in agricultural soil

Animal manures have been demonstrated to enhance antibiotic resistance in agricultural soils.However,little is known about the effects of plant-derived fertilizer on soil antibiotic resistome.Herein,metagenomic sequencing was used to investigate the effects of a plantderived fertilizer processed from sugarcane and beet on soil antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs)in a soybean field along crop growth stages.ARG profiles in the soils amended by plant-derived fertilizer were compared with those in the soils amended by chicken manure.The abundance and diversity of total ARGs in the soils amended by plant-derived fertilizer were significantly(P<0.05)elevated at the sprout stage,to a level comparable to that in the manured soils.Whereas,unlike chicken manure mainly introducing manure-borne ARGs to soil,the plant-derived fertilizer was indicated to mainly enrich multidrug resistance genes in soil by nourishing indigenous bacteria.ARGs with abundances in amended soils significantly(P<0.05)higher than in unamended soils at the sprout stage of soybean were considered as enriched ARGs.Decrease in the abundance of the enriched ARGs was observed in both the amended soils from the sprout to the harvest.Network analysis further identified Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes as the primary bacterial taxa involved in the temporal variation of the enriched ARGs in the soils amended by plant-derived fertilizer,while in manured soils were Firmicutes and Actinobacteria.As revealed by multivariate statistical analyses,variation of the enriched ARGs in the soils amended by plant-derived fertilizer was majorly attributed to the response of co-occurred bacteria to depleting nutrients,which was different from the failed establishment of manure-borne bacteria in the manured soils.Our study provided field-based evidence that plant-derived fertilizer stimulated the intrinsic antibiotic resistome,and proposed attention to the un-perceived risk since some clinically relevant ARGs originate and evolve from natural resistome.

Copper carbonate nanoparticles as an effective biomineralized carrier to load macromolecular drugs for multimodal therapy

Macromolecular drugs have attracted great interest as biotherapy to cure previously untreatable diseases.For clinical translation,biomacromolecules encounter several common druggability difficulties,such as in vivo instability and poor penetration to cross physiologic barriers,thus requiring sophisticated systems for drug delivery.Inspired by the natural biomineralization via interaction between inorganic ions and biomacromolecules,herein we rationally screened biocompatible transition metals to biomineralize with carbonate for macromolecules loading.Among the metal ions,Cu^(2+)was found to be the best candidate,and its superiority over the widely studied Ca^(2+)minerals was also demonstrated.Capitalized on this finding,copper carbonate nanoparticles were prepared via a simple mixing process to co-load glucose oxidase(GOx)and a HIF-αDNAzyme(DZ),achieving ultra-high loading capacity of 61%.Upon encapsulation into nanoparticles,enzymatic activity of both drugs was passivated to avoid potential side-effects during circulation,while the drugs could be rapidly released within 1 h in response to acidic p H to fully recover their activities.The nanoparticles could accumulate into tumor via intravenous injection,facilitate the cell membrane penetration,and release the payloads of GOx,DZ and Cu^(2+)inside cells to exert a series of anti-tumor effects.GOx caused tumor starvation by catalytic glucose consumption,and the concomitantly generated H_(2)O_(2)byproduct boosted the Cu^(2+)-mediated chemodynamic therapy(CDT).Meanwhile,the DZ silenced HIF-αexpression to sensitize both starvation therapy and CDT.As a result,a synergistic tumor growth inhibition was achieved.This work provides a simple method to prepare biomineralized nanoparticles,and offers a general approach for macromolecular drugs delivery via Cu^(2+)-based biomineralization.

The impact of income on household CO_2 emissions in China based on a large sample survey

Since reform and opening-up, China's energy consumption has been soaring largely due to the country's rapid economic development and urbanization [1]. As a result, C02 emissions from the household sector have been rapidly increasing [2]. China—now the second largest global economy and the largest C02 emitter [3]—has been making efforts to aggressively reduce C02 emissions and protect the environment. In line with the Paris Climate Change Agreement, China submitted its Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) and pledged to achieve peak C02 emissions by 2030.