Using ORYZA2000 to model cold rice yield response to climate change in the Heilongjiang province, China

Rice(Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important staple crops in China. Increasing atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations and associated climate change may greatly affect rice production. We assessed the potential impacts of climate change on cold rice production in the Heilongjiang province, one of China's most important rice production regions. Data for a baseline period(1961–1990) and the period 2010–2050 in A2 and B2 scenarios were used as input to drive the rice model ORYZA2000 with and without accounting for the effects of increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration. The results indicate that mean,maximum, and minimum temperature during the rice growing season, in the future period considered, would increase by 1.8 °C under the A2 scenario and by 2.2 °C under the B2 scenario compared with those in the baseline. The rate of change in average maximum and minimum temperatures would increase by 0.6 °C per 10-year period under the A2 scenario and by 0.4 °C per 10-year period under the B2 scenario. Precipitation would increase slightly in the rice growing season over the next 40 years. The rice growing season would be shortened and the yield would increase in most areas in the Heilongjiang province. Without accounting for CO2 effect, the rice growing season in the period 2010–2050 would be shortened by 4.7 and 5.8 days,and rice yields would increase by 11.9% and 7.9%, under the A2 and B2 scenarios, respectively.Areas with simulated rice yield increases greater than 30.0% were in the Xiaoxing'an Mountain region. The simulation indicated a decrease in yield of less than 15% in the southwestern Songnen Plain. The rate of change in simulated rice yield was 5.0% and 2.5% per 10 years under the A2 and B2 scenarios, respectively. When CO2 effect was accounted for, rice yield increased by 44.5% and 31.3% under the A2 and B2 scenarios, respectively. The areas of increasing yield were sharply expanded. The area of decreasing yield in the western region of Songnen Plains disappeared when increasing CO2 concentration was considered. The stability of rice yield would increase from 2010 to 2050. Overall, the simulation indicates that rice production will be affected positively by climate change in the next 40 years in the Heilongjiang province, China.

High-Speed Railway Train Timetable Conflict Prediction Based on Fuzzy Temporal Knowledge Reasoning

近年来,高速铁路各项技术不断发展,列车运行速度从300 km·h^(–1)提高到400 km·h^(–1)。本文介绍了由韩国研究者开发和论证的技术,即400 km·h^(–1)级集电性能评估方法。此外,本文还详细解释了基于视频图像的监测技术,其不需要直接接触供电系统的任何部件,这项技术被应用于检测以时速400 km运行的高铁上架空接触网组件的稳定性。与常规使用激光传感器或者线相机(line camera)来监控架空接触网的系统不同,开发的新型系统通过视频数据来测量其处于活动状态的参数。根据在商业线路上实地测量的结果,这种系统能有效地测量架空接触网的各项参数。

基于模糊时间知识推理的高速铁路列车运行图冲突预测

列车在运行过程中,由于受到系统内外的干扰,容易发生晚点并偏离计划列车运行线,而晚点传播将进一步扩大运行干扰的影响,造成后续列车潜在的运行冲突,这些冲突可能影响后续列车运行计划的安排。因此,可靠的冲突预测结果能够更好地辅助当前运行调整策略的制定,提高运行图实施效果。相比于既有研究中基于随机干扰的冲突预测方法,本文基于历史运营数据对计划列车运行图中的时间区间进行模糊化处理,并基于赋时Petri网建立高速铁路列车运行图模型。为了全面度量冲突预测结果,本文将冲突划分为确定冲突和潜在冲突并给出判定标准。同时提出了单列车运行线平均偏离度和相邻列车作业间的冲突可能性两个冲突评价指标,并给出了计算方法。基于调整后的模糊时间知识推理算法,本文提出了一种新的高速铁路列车运行冲突预测方法,应用于两个不同情境下的仿真算例中。仿真算例结果表明,列车运行图内时间区间模糊化处理后的冲突预测在可靠性和可操作性方面更强,并可为列车运行图调整、优化等提供决策支持。

Therapeutic Effect of Shenling Baizhu Powder on Primary Nephrotic Syndrome Featuring Damp Abundance Due to Splenic Asthenia

[Objectives]To observe the clinical efficacy of Shenling Baizhu Powder in the treatment of primary nephrotic syndrome(PNS)featuring damp abundance due to splenic asthenia.[Methods]40 patients with PNS were randomly divided into treatment group(n=19)and control group(n=21).In the treatment group and the control group,methylprednisolone tablets were taken orally and cytoxan(CTX)was given intravenously for treatment;in the treatment group,based on oral administration of methylprednisolone tablets and intravenous drip of cytoxan(CTX),oral administration of traditional Chinese medicine(addition and subtraction of Shenling Baizhu Powder)was added.Urine routine,24-hour urinary protein,renal function and serum albumin were re-examined after 4 weeks of treatment.[Results]The total effective rate of the treatment group was significantly higher than that of the control group(89.47%vs 61.90%,P<0.05).After treatment,both groups could effectively reduce the levels of 24-hour urinary protein(P<0.05),serum creatinine(P<0.05)and urea nitrogen(P<0.05),and increase the level of serum albumin(P<0.05),but the degree of improvement in the treatment group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05),and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).[Conclusions]Methylprednisolone combined with addition and subtraction of Shenling Baizhu Powder could effectively reduce urinary protein,improve edema symptoms,shorten the course of hormone use and reduce adverse reactions in the treatment of PNS featuring damp abundance due to splenic asthenia.

Effect of Psychological Nursing on the Mental State and Quality of Life of Patients After Heart Valve Replacement for Rheumatic Heart Disease

Objective:To explore the effect of psychological nursing on the mental state and quality of life of patients after heart valve replacement for rheumatic heart disease.Methods:Seventy-four patients with rheumatic heart disease that underwent heart valve replacement in Zhenjiang First People's Hospital from January 2017 to May 2020 were selected as the research subjects.Thirty-seven patients that were treated from January 2017 to September 2018 were included in the control group.Routine care was provided for the patients in the control group.From October 2018 to May 2020,the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery improved their preoperative and postoperative psychological care.Thirty-seven patients that were treated during this period were included in the research group.The research group received psychological nursing care in addition to routine care.The efiects of different nursing modes on the quality of life and postoperative mental state of the patients were determined.Results:The scores for depression,anxiety,somatization,and compulsion in the research group were significantly lower than those in the control group(p<0.05);the scores for the quality of life of patients in the research group were significantly higher than those in the control group(p<0.05).Conclusions:Strengthening psychological nursing for patients with rheumatic heart disease is helpful to improve their quality of life and mental state after heart valve replacement.

金属-Bi_(2)OS_(2)界面肖特基势垒以及电荷转移机制研究

由于金属与二维半导体接触界面复杂的电荷转移,界面处经常会产生强烈的费米钉扎效应.本文以Bi_(2)OS_(2)(拥有目前二维半导体材料中已知的最高电子迁移率)作为二维沟道层,采用密度泛函理论系统地计算了其与金属电极接触界面的肖特基势垒以及界面电荷转移机制.当Bi_(2)OS_(2)与三维金属电极接触时,界面强的电荷转移主要由化学键的形成以及泡利电荷排斥作用引起,导致界面具有强的费米钉扎,并且由这两个原因引起的电荷转移方向相反.此外,当金属的功函数大于半导体的电离能或小于半导体的电子亲合能时,界面会产生一个额外的电荷转移.当Bi_(2)OS_(2)与二维金属电极接触时,界面的费米钉扎完全被抑制,界面遵循肖特基-莫特定律,这是因为本文所选用的二维金属电极能够有效地屏蔽泡利电荷排斥作用.因此,通过选择不同功函数的二维金属电极,能够宽范围、线性地调节界面的肖特基势垒高度,并且能够实现界面从n型欧姆接触到p型欧姆接触的转变.这项研究不仅为Bi_(2)OS_(2)基器件的电极选择提供了理论指导,还能够增强对金属与二维半导体接触界面相互作用机制的理解.

Unsuccessful letter–sound integration in English reading by native Chinese speakers: evidence from an event related potentials study

Integrating letters and sounds are essential for successful reading in alphabetic languages. It remains unclear if native speakers of non-alphabetic languages integrate letters and sounds in reading an alphabetic language in the same way as native alphabetic readers do.Chinese is a morpho-syllabic system(each character corresponds to one syllable) and contrasts sharply with alphabetic languages such as English. Several f MRI studies have shown that native Chinese speakers apply their native language system to read English words. By using the crossmodal mismatch negativity(MMN) paradigm, we directly investigated letter–sound integration for reading in English among native Chinese speakers. To investigate the effect of native language background on letter–sound integration in second language reading, a group of native Korean English learners served as a comparison group. We compared MMN responses between an auditory only condition(only vowels presented) and two audiovisual conditions(AV0,vowel presented synchronously with the corresponding letter; AV200, the letter presented 200 ms before the corresponding vowel) for both native Chinese and native Korean speakers. Native Chinese speakers demonstrated significantly attenuated MMN amplitudes in audiovisual conditions compared with the auditory only condition,regardless of their phonological decoding speed. In contrast, native Korean speakers showed amplified amplitude MMN in AV200 compared with that in the auditory only condition. The results suggest that native language may shape the brain responses of second language learners to reading a second language in the early stages. Native nonalphabetic language speakers may be unable to use visual information to facilitate their phonological processing in the early stage while native alphabetic language speakers are capable of integrating letter sounds automatically.

超薄二维BiOBr晶体的可控制备及其紫外光电探测应用

本文采用空间限域化学气相沉积方法(SCCVD)成功制备出厚度低于10 nm,横向尺寸达100μm的高质量二维BiOBr单晶纳米片.实验结果表明,在SCCVD系统中引入适量的水汽可有效促进二维BiOBr晶体的形成.实验测试和理论计算相结合,分析了二维BiOBr的拉曼光谱随厚度的变化规律.基于该二维BiOBr晶体的光电探测器性能出色,对365 nm的紫外光响应度达到了12.4 A W-1,可探测度达1.6×1013Jones.本文为大尺寸二维BiOBr晶体的可控制备提供了研究思路,同时探索了其在光电探测领域的应用.