法医学专业本科生科研素养与创新能力培养的思考和实践路径探索

法医学专业本科生科研素养与创新能力的培养是当前司法改革与发展的需要,也是我国教育教学改革的要求。近年来,法医学专业本科生科研素养与创新能力的培养取得了一定的成效,但仍然存在很多问题。本文从法医学专业本科生科研素养与创新能力培养的现状入手,分析我国法医学人才培养面临的挑战,提出促进法医学专业本科生科研素养与创新能力培养的实践路径,不断优化和完善人才培养体系,为法医学专业本科生科研素养与创新能力的培养提供借鉴,以期为法治社会培养出更多高素质应用型的法医学拔尖创新人才。

Effects of fresh-cut and storage on glucosinolates profile using broccoli as a case study

Glucosinolates(GLS) contribute to the unique flavour, nutrition, and plant defence of the Cruciferous vegetables. Understanding the GLS changes through postharvest processing is essential for defined preservation. In this study, four different fresh-cut types, whole flower(W),floret(F), quarterly cut floret(QF) and shredded floret(FS) of broccoli, were stored for 0, 1, 2 and 3 day(s) to explore GLS responses to postharvest treatments. As a result, seven GLS were identified, mainly including glucoraphanin(RAA), neoglucobrassicin(NEO), and glucobrassicin(GBC)and accounting for 52.69%, 20.12% and 14.99% of the total GLS(21.92 ± 0.48) μmol · g ^(-1 )DW, respectively. FS had the sharpest decrease in GLS after three days of storage(6.55 ± 0.37) μmol · g-1DW, while QF had the least(10.16 ± 0.33) μmol · g ^(-1 )DW. All GLS components decreased over storage, except for 4-methoxyglucobrassicin(4 ME) in FS and QF, suggesting its key role in serious wound defence. The results suggested certain postharvest approaches influenced the flavour and nutrition of broccoli.

Effects of a Composite Soil Amendment on the Quality of Pak Choi(Brassica rapa L. Chinensis Group) Growing in Pb-contaminated Soils

In the present study, a pot experiment was carded out to investigate the effects of a composite soil amendment at different levels （0, 600, 900 and 1 200 mg/kg） on the soil organic matter content, pH, Pb uptake and nutritional quality of pak choi （Brassica rapa L. Chinensis Group） grown in the soils contaminated by four levels （800, 1 200, 1 600 and 2 000 mg/kg） of Pb. The results showed that 900 mg/kg soil amendment increased the soil organic matter content by 24.19%- 60.00%, but had no significant influence on soil pH. Comparing with control （without amendment application）, the security and nutritional quality of pak choi were obviously improved by applying the soil amendment. In detail, 900 mg/kg soil amendment improved the content of Vc of pak choi growing in 800, 1 200, 1 600 and 2 000 mg/kg Pb-contaminated soils by 13.27%-69.30%, the content of soluble sugar by 54.17%- 87.50%, the dry matter weight by 28.36%-33.39%, and decreased the content of Pb by 19.11%-35.72% and the content of crude fiber by 20.83%-31.03%, respectively. These data indicated that the composite amendment can be used for the in situ repair of Pb-contaminated soils, and the recommended dosage is 900 mg/kg.

Studies on the Simultaneous Determination of Cr(Ⅲ)and Cr(Ⅵ)by Ion Chromatography(IC)

The research aimed to develop and validate an ion chromatography method for the simultaneous analysis of Cr(Ⅲ) and Cr(Ⅵ)from pumpkin. A new analytical method based on ion chromatography techniques was developed by the Cr(Ⅲ) pre-column derivatization and Cr(Ⅵ) post-column derivatization. The ion chromatography condition was optimized and the detection sensitivity was improved. Cr(Ⅲ) and Cr(Ⅵ) were determined by 365 and 530 nm,respectively. The temperature of water bath,the heating time for pre-column derivatization,and the flow rate of post-column derivative liquid were screened on the basis of single factor experiment,the effects of various factors were determined by the method of L16( 43) orthogonal experiment design. Considering the results of orthogonal experiments and the variation tendency of peak area under different factors,the optimum derivatization conditions were chose as follows: the flow rate of post-column derivative liquid is0. 5 m L/min,the temperature of water bath for pre-column derivatization is 100 ℃ and the heating time is 5 min. The conditions were optimized by means of orthogonal experiments under the p H of leacheate ranged from 6. 5 to 6. 8 and the I-concentration of 5 mmol/L. Under optimized derivatization conditions,the detection limits for Cr(Ⅲ) and Cr(Ⅵ) were 0. 17 and 0. 019 mg,respectively. And the average recoveries of Cr(Ⅲ) in pumpkin were in the range of 82%-85%. Results indicated that pumpkin does not contain Cr(Ⅵ) according to this ion chromatography method of simultaneously determination for Cr(Ⅲ) and Cr(Ⅵ).

Analysis on Composition and Content of Glucosinolates in Broccoli Flowers and Leaves

Glucosinolate composition and content were evaluated in flowers and leaves of 12 different broccoli varieties. The results indicated that there were 9 glucosinolates in broccoli,namely Glucoiberin(IBE); Progoitrin(PRO);Sinigrin(SIN);Glucoraphanin(RAA);Gluconapin(NAP);4-Hydroxyglucobrassicin(4OH);Glucobrassicin(GBC);4-Methoxyglucobrassicin(4ME);Neoglucobrassicin(NEO).Total glucosinolate content in flowers was 1-5 times higher than in leaves. The predominant glucosinolate in broccoli was glucoraphanin.

Distinguished biological adaptation architecture aggravated population differentiation of Tibeto-Burman-speaking people

Tibeto-Burman(TB)people have endeavored to adapt to the hypoxic,cold,and high-UV high-altitude environments in the Tibetan Plateau and complex disease exposures in lowland rainforests since the late Paleolithic period.However,the full landscape of genetic history and biological adaptation of geographically diverse TB-speaking people,as well as their interaction mechanism,remain unknown.Here,we generate a whole-genome meta-database of 500 individuals from 39 TB-speaking populations and present a comprehensive landscape of genetic diversity,admixture history,and differentiated adaptative features of geographically different TB-speaking people.We identify genetic differentiation related to geography and language among TB-speaking people,consistent with their differentiated admixture process with incoming or indigenous ancestral source populations.A robust genetic connection between the Tibetan-Yi corridor and the ancient Yellow River people supports their Northern China origin hypothesis.We finally report substructure-related differentiated biological adaptative signatures between highland Tibetans and Loloish speakers.Adaptative signatures associated with the physical pigmentation(EDAR and SLC24A5)and metabolism(ALDH9A1)are identified in Loloish people,which differed from the high-altitude adaptative genetic architecture in Tibetan.TB-related genomic resources provide new insights into the genetic basis of biological adaptation and better reference for the anthropologically informed sampling design in biomedical and genomic cohort research.

Evolutionary history and biological adaptation of Han Chinese people on the Mongolian Plateau

Complex demographic processes and natural selection pressures are critical to resolving patterns of the molecular genetic basis of adaptive traits or complex diseases.Recent ancient genome data allow us to trace how key traits evolved in different human populations over time,connecting ancient population history with disease susceptibility in western Eurasians.To fill this gap in eastern Eurasians and provide deep insights into the evolutionary history of the populationspecific genetic basis of complex biological traits,we explored the evolutionary basis of adaptive traits in one integrative modern and ancient genomic database,including 225 out of 5583 genomes first reported here.We comprehensively characterized the demographic history and biological adaptation of Han Chinese individuals on the Mongolian Plateau based on the allele frequency spectrum and haplotype-resolved fragments.We found strong genetic homogeneity among geographically different Han populations from Inner Mongolia(IMH).We reconstructed their admixture models and demographic events,revealing that IMH had a close genetic relationship with ancient millet farmers and obtained additional gene flow from Altaic-speaking populations.The enrichment of selected candidate genes suggested that essential metabolism-related genes promoted the rapid adaptation of eastern Eurasians to ancient environmental shifts and dietary changes during agricultural innovations.Evolutionary trajectory reconstruction of metabolism-related genes of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase(MTHFR)and fatty acid desaturase 1(FADS1)suggested that ancient dietary shifts during the Neolithic transition period promoted the differentiated metabolic rate of folate and fatty acid.We revealed the polygenicity of biological adaptation traits and the pleiotropy of adaptive genes,indicating that complex recent polygenic adaptations,genetic interactions,and genotype–phenotype correlations have contributed to the genetic architecture of complex traits in eastern Eurasians.

Impact of various vaccine boosters on neutralization against omicron following prime vaccinations with inactivated or adenovirus-vectored vaccine

SARS-CoV-2 Omicron变异株已在全球范围内广泛传播.包括中国在内的许多国家广泛接种了SARS-CoV-2灭活疫苗(IAV)、重组蛋白疫苗(PRV)和腺病毒载体疫苗(Ad V),以达到群体免疫效果.该研究系统评价了完成不同疫苗全程接种后以及接种不同疫苗加强针后的341份人血清对原始毒株和Omicron变异株的交叉中和活性.研究发现,所有类型疫苗诱导的针对Omicron变异株BA.1的中和抗体水平都明显低于原始毒株.初免疫IAV和Ad V后,分别接种Ad V和PRV的异源加强针可以最大程度地提高血清对Omicron中和活性.此外,该研究使用m RNA疫苗在小鼠模型中评估了初次免疫编码Spike蛋白的m RNA疫苗后,加强免疫编码原始毒株或者不同突变株RBD蛋白的m RNA疫苗对Omicron中和效果.结果发现,与原始毒株加强针相比,只有Omicron加强针疫苗显著地提升了Omicron的中和抗体水平.该研究对各种疫苗加强针的系统性评价可为接下来对抗Omicron变异株的免疫接种提供参考.

Genetic polymorphisms of 16 X-STR loci in the Hani population from Southwest China

X chromosomal short tandem repeats(X-STRs)have the characteristics of both autosomal and uniparental genetic markers and have been shown to be particularly useful in forensic casework.However,relevant research or reports have not focused on X-STRs in the Hani population.To investigate the genetic variation and forensic efficiency of 16 X-STR loci in the Hani ethnic minority,we calculated the allele frequencies and forensic parameters of 451(116 males and 335 females)unrelated healthy Hani individuals from Yunnan Province,Southwest China.All these loci are highly polymorphic in Hani individuals in Yunnan Province except DXS6800.The combined power of discrimination in males(PDM)and power of discrimination in females(PDF)were found to be 0.999999998433993 and 0.999999999999998,respectively.Furthermore,a population genetic structure investigation between the Yunnan Hani population and another 18 populations was performed using a principal component analysis,multidimensional scaling plot and neighbouring-joining phylogenetic tree and the findings illustrated that neighbouring populations and different nationalities in the same area appeared to have a closer evolutionary relationship.This study provides the first batch of X chromosome genetic polymorphism data of the Hani population in Yunnan Province,Southwest China and enriches the reference database of the Chinese minority population.